黏管藻的分子鉴定与生长特性研究

对分布在辽宁大连黑石礁、付家庄、石槽、金石滩、獐子岛与海洋岛沿岸的黏管藻[Gloiosiphonia capillaris (Hudson) Carmichael]的外部形态、营养与生殖结构、生物量、成熟个体比例与成熟个体生物量/总生物量(R/T指数)的变化、温度性质以及rbcL、COⅠ基因序列进行了详细研究。结果表明: (1) 黏管藻配子体为雌雄同体, 直立, 单生或丛生, 主轴明显, 固着器呈圆盘状, 质地胶质, 颜色为红色或紫红色。采集于獐子岛与海洋岛的藻体长度和宽度明显高于其他采集地点; (2) 藻体由皮层及髓部组成, 皮层由6—10层细胞组成, 髓部存在假根丝细胞。成熟囊果小, 突出于藻体表面, 呈球形或半球形, 通常2—4个囊果聚集在一起; (3) 黏管藻配子体的生物量在6月达到最大, 平均生物量为3.628 g/m2。3—6月成熟个体比例逐渐增大, 6月达到100%; (4) 黏管藻配子体生长周期为3—7月, 温度性质属于温带性; (5) rbcL基因序列分析表明, 6个采集地点的样本间无碱基差异, 与产自加拿大的黏管藻聚在一起, 形成一个独立的分支。COⅠ基因序列分析表明, 6个采集地点的样本间无碱基差异, 形成一个独立的分支, 均确定为黏管藻。     

轮虫

轮虫中浮游动物中的一个重要成员，广泛分布于各类淡水水域中，是经济水生动物的开口铒料和优质食物。有纤毛的头冠，骨质化的口器和焰茎球的原肾管是轮虫主要形态结构特征。研究轮虫可深入了解无脊椎动物的系统发育，亦可促进它的开发、利用。     

传代内皮细胞形态和功能变化的关系

现在内皮细胞体外培养技术已在医学实验中得以日渐广泛的应用,为了更为合理地选择传代内皮细胞来进行各种研究,本实验结合了 传代内皮细胞在相差显微镜下的形态学改变及图象分析技术和蛋白质分泌功能的变化,探讨了传代内皮细胞形态和功能变化的关系。结果显示,传代内皮细胞存在着形态和功能相对稳定的阶段,在此阶段的几代细胞是作为实验选材的理想对象。而非稳定阶段的各代细胞间形态和功能都存有显著性差异,不应作为实验选材。     

Effects of leaf shape plasticity on leaf surface temperature

干旱区植物叶片形态可塑性是植物适应高温干旱环境的重要生存策略, 但目前仍缺乏直观的数据予以证明。该研究应用热成像技术和图像分析技术, 同步测定真实叶片与模拟叶片的叶温、形态及风速、辐射和温度等环境参数。研究结果显示: 在干旱、高温环境下, 除了蒸腾, 叶片形态变化也是调控叶温的重要因子。干旱区植物叶片变小, 有利于加速叶片与环境的物质及热量交换, 从而达到降低叶温的目的。样地数据显示, 在高温、低风速环境下, 叶片宽度每减少1 cm, 叶片表面温度降低约2.1 ℃, 而模拟叶片叶宽度每减少1 cm, 叶片表面温度降低0.60-0.86 ℃。该研究对深入理解植物生存策略与环境适能力具有重要意义。     

阿拉善高原2种荒漠植物根系构型及生态适应性特征

根系构型决定了植物对资源的吸收方式，根系构型的变化是植物对环境的生态适应和有效生存策略。在阿拉善高原西南缘红砂（Reaumuria soongarica）-珍珠猪毛菜（Salsola passerina）混生群落采用传统挖掘法收集两种植物根系，基于量化的根系形态指标，利用几何拓扑学及分形理论分析了根系构型特征，探讨了该地区2种植物对干旱生境的生态适应策略。结果表明：红砂和珍珠猪毛菜根系均以水平分布占优，根系浅层化分布明显，混生的两种植物占据不同的生态位；2种荒漠植物均具有较大的比根长（SRL）和比表面积（SRA），红砂SRL=21.3 cm/g，SRA=7.6 cm²/g，珍珠SRL=22.4 cm/g，SRA=6.5 cm²/g，有利于水分和养分的获取；红砂根系拓扑指数（TI）、修正拓扑参数（q_a和q_b）分别为0.86、0.52、0.49，珍珠猪毛菜对应参数分别为0.93、0.76、0.73，表明2种植物根系均趋向于鱼尾形分支结构；根系分形维数值（FD_红=1.488、FD_珍=1.422）较小，而分形丰度值（lgK_红=1.855、lgK_珍=1.774）较大，表明2种植物分支相对简单，但空间拓展能力强，有利于对营养空间的占有。上述特征可能是阿拉善西南缘红砂-珍珠猪毛菜群落2种荒漠植物植物对干旱贫瘠生境的重要生态适应策略。     

Fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi along different aspect in degraded grassland

Aims Fractal root system is phenotypic plasticity result of plant root architecture to respond to environmental heterogeneity, may reflect the growth strategy of plants to adapt to environmental conditions. Our objective was to explore the relationship between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance of fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi population in response to aspect variation in the northwest of China. Methods The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Survey and sampling were carried out at 40 plots which were set up along four slope aspects transects with 20 m distance between adjacent plots. Handheld GPS was used to determine the elevation, longitude and latitude of each plot. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM). Community traits were investigated and six individuals roots of M. przewalskyi were collected randomly at each plot. The samples were cleaned and divided into different organs, then scanning the root with the Win-RHIZO for measurements of fractal dimension and fractal abundance in laboratory, and their biomass were then measured after being dried at 80 °C in an oven. Important findings With the slope aspect turned from north to east, west, and south, the density, height and soil moisture content of the plant community displayed a pattern of initial decline, the height, density, root fractal abundance of M. przewalskyi increased and the root fractal dimension decreased. The root fractal dimension was negatively associated with the fractal abundance in all aspects, but the relationship varied along the slope aspects gradient; there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance at north slope and south slope aspect, whereas the correlation only reached a significant level (p < 0.05) at the east slope aspect and west slope aspect; indicating that there is a trade-off between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance. In addition, when the slope aspect changed from north to east, west and south, the standardized major axis (SMA) slope of the regression equation in the scaling relationships between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance increased (p < 0.05), indicating that the roots of M. przewalskyi at the droughty southern slope have less branch and more sparse in the same soil volume of root exploitation and utilization. Consequently, the resource allocation pattern on reasonable trade-off between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance in different slope aspect of M. przewalskyi, reflects the relationship between the income and the cost of construction of plant root architecture.     

蓝菌咏

它名不见经传，各式字典和辞源都没有收录它，而只有在新版的辞海和百科大全里或汉牛充栋的国家图书馆中才能艰难地找到它的名字。