核电站管道系统中碳钢管道安装前表面清洁工艺

本文探讨了成功完成当前世界首堆AP1000核岛工程柴油机厂房ZOS/DOS系统及厂区DOS系统管道表面预处理系统过程,提出运用于所有核电碳钢管道安装前的表面预处理清洁工艺,具有非常典型的指导意义。     

血流阻断的缺血预处理技术在肝癌切除术中的临床应用价值

目的:探讨血流阻断的缺血预处理技术在肝癌切除术中的临床应用价值。方法:选取2010年4月至2013年7月我院收治的96名原发性肝癌并采用肝脏部分切除术进行治疗的患者,将患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各48例,观察组在肝脏部分切除术阻断肝门血流前先分别给予1个5 min缺血和再灌注的处理。对照组不采取任何干预措施。术前、术后1天、3天、7天时分别进行生化检查,并于术前及术后1h对Fas-mRNA表达、Caspasc-3活性及AI进行测定,观察记录患者术后的并发症情况、手术时间、术中出血量以及住院时间。结果:术后1天、3天、7天时两组间的AST、ALT、TBIL等生化指标的含量情况相比,观察组均显著优于对照组(P0.05);术后l d,两组患者ALB均有不同程度的降低,对照组低于观察组(P0.05);术后住院时间观察组为13.28±3.85天,对照组为19.48±4.92天,观察组明显低于对照组(P0.05);术后1h,两组患者的Fas-mRNA表达、Caspasc-3活性相比于阻断前均显著提高,但观察组提高幅度明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组阻断前均未见肝细胞凋亡,术后l h时,两组组均可见肝细胞凋亡,且对照组明显高于观察组组(P0.05)。结论:血流阻断的缺血预处理技术具有操作简便、副作用小的重要特点,应用于肝癌切除术中在保护肝功能方面具有显著的优势。     

超声提取和超声水解法从野葛根中提取纯化葛根素和大豆苷元

采用超声法从野葛根中提取葛根异黄酮,再将提取物在盐酸水溶液中超声水解结合有机溶剂萃取法从野葛根中分离纯化葛根素和大豆苷元。葛根素收得率为1．2％,纯度为97．8％;大豆苷元收得率为0．5％,纯度为98．2％。超声法从野葛根中提取分离葛根异黄酮活性成分葛根素和大豆苷元具有省时、节能、提取率和产品纯度高的优点。     

Effects of Temperature Acclimation Pretreatment on the Ultrastructure of Mesophyll Cells in Young Grape Plants （Vitis vinifera L. cv. Jingxiu） Under Cross-Temperature Stresses

Leaves from annual young grape plants （Vitis vinifera L. cv. Jingxiu） were used as experimental materials. The ultrastructural characteristics of mesophyll cells in chilling-treated plants after heat acclimation （HA） and in heat-treated plants after cold acclimation （CA） were observed and compared using transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that slight injury appeared in the ultrastructure of mesophyll cells after either HA （38℃ for 10 h） or CA （8℃ for 2.5 d）, but the tolerance to subsequent extreme temperature stress was remarkably improved by HA or CA pretreatment. The increases in membrane permeability and malondialdehyde concentration under chilling （0℃） or heat （45℃） stress were markedly inhibited by HA or CA pretreatment. The mesophyll cells of plants not pretreated with HA were markedly damaged following chilling stress. The chloroplasts appeared irregular in shape, the arrangement of the stroma lamellae was disordered, and no starch granules were present. The cristae of the mitochondria were disrupted and became empty. The nucleus became irregular in shape and the nuclear membrane was digested. In contrast, the mesophyll cells of HA-pretreated plants maintained an intact ultrastructure under chilling stress. The mesophyll cells of control plants were also severely damaged under heat stress. The chloroplast became round in shape, the stroma lamellae became swollen, and the contents of vacuoles formed clumps. In the case of mitochondria of control plants subjected to heat stress, the outer envelope was digested and the cristae were disrupted and became many small vesicles. Compared with cellular organelles in control plants, those in CA plant cells always maintained an integrated state during whole heat stress, except for the chloroplasts, which became round in shape after 10 h heat stress. From these data, we suggest that the stability of mesophyll cells under chilling stress can be increased by HA pretreatment. Similarly, CA pretreatment can protect chloroplasts, mitochondria, and the nucleus against subsequent heat stress; thus, the thermoresistance of grape seedlings was improved. The results obtained in the present study are the first, to our knowledge, to offered cytological evidence of cross-adaptation to temperature stresses in grape plants.     

温度和化学预处理对玉米秸厌氧消化产气量的影响

提出通过中温消化和化学预处理相结合的方法提高玉米秸的厌氧消化产气量。研究了中温和常温条件下,不同负荷率对玉米秸产气量的影响,以及经氢氧化钠、氨水与尿素处理后玉米秸主要成份的变化规律及其对产气量的影响。结果显示,中温消化产气量比常温提高了139．2％～281.8％,消化时间减少了8～16d;除尿素外,氢氧化钠和氨处理都可不同程度地提高玉米秸的产气量;中温消化时,氢氧化钠处理玉米秸的产气量比未处理玉米秸提高了77．0％,比常温消化的未处理玉米秸提高了263．6％。把中温消化和化学处理结合起来是提高玉米秸厌氧消化效率和产气量的有效方法。     

运动预处理部分抵抗小鼠长期高脂饮食喂养引起的脂代谢紊乱

已有研究表明运动具有广泛的健康效应,其能够通过改善机体代谢等机制防治慢性疾病。新近研究表明运动预处理(即在疾病发生、发展之前给予运动干预)具有一定的心脏保护效应,但其能否抵抗高脂饮食诱导的肥胖和代谢紊乱尚不清楚。本研究旨在明确运动预处理对长期高脂饮食喂养小鼠的体重和代谢的影响,并探讨其可能机制。C57BL/6小鼠(4周龄)在经过3个月的游泳训练或安静对照后,给予正常饮食(normal diet, ND)或高脂饮食(high fat diet, HFD)喂养4个月。结果显示：3个月的游泳训练能够显著降低小鼠血糖、提高葡萄糖耐量和增加抓力。运动预处理不能改善由于HFD喂养引起的体重增加,但能够改善由于HFD喂养引起的糖耐量异常。运动预处理对ND和HFD喂养小鼠的运动能力和运动节律均无明显影响。HFD喂养后小鼠血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白水平增加,皮下脂肪和附睾脂肪含量增加。运动预处理能够显著降低ND喂养小鼠循环游离脂肪酸和低密度脂蛋白水平。运动预处理能够增加HFD喂养小鼠的循环高密度脂蛋白水平,降低循环低密度脂蛋白水平,但不影响皮下脂肪和附睾脂肪的重量。HFD喂养增加肝脏重量,提高肝脏总胆固...     

七氟醚预处理介导AMPKα1通路对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

摘要 目的：探讨七氟醚预处理介导腺苷酸环化激酶（AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK）α1通路对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤（myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, MIRI）的保护作用。方法：将清洁级雄性SD大鼠60只随机平分为三组：模型组、地佐辛组与七氟醚组,三组均建立MIRI模型。地佐辛组与模型组都在建模前24 h腹腔注射地佐辛40 μg/kg与等剂量生理盐水,七氟醚组吸入2.5 %七氟醚15 min。结果：所有大鼠在建模过程中均存活,无大鼠因严重并发症而舍弃。地佐辛组与七氟醚组再灌注后24 h与48 h的左心室收缩压、左心室舒张末期压、心肌梗死面积百分比、血清去甲肾上腺素含量、心脏组织AMPKα1和皮质激素调节激酶-1（glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1,GK1）蛋白相对表达水平都低于模型组（P<0.05）,七氟醚组低于地佐辛组（P<0.05）。结论：七氟醚预处理可通过抑制大鼠MIRI的AMPKα1通路的激活和血清去甲肾上腺素释放,从而减少大鼠心肌梗死面积,并进一步促进心功能恢复正常。     

海藻预处理工艺研究

大型海藻是中含有大量的糖分,能被微生物利用进行发酵作用来生产乙醇。为了提高乙醇的产率,优化预处理方法是必要的。本课题主要通过物理研磨法、蒸煮法、酸解法和酶解法处理海藻以优化出糖类溶出量最大的预处理条件。物理研磨法条件为固液比1:20,温度28℃,处理2h;蒸煮法条件为固液比1:30,温度90℃,处理1.5h;酸解法条件为固液比1:30,温度为80℃,处理1h;酶解法条件为酸解液残渣在温度40℃下酶解3h。且酸解后进行酶解的处理方法是糖类溶出量最大的处理方法,条件为80℃的酸解残渣在纤维素酶的作用下40℃酶解3h。