First report of the rare tooth fungus Hericium erinaceus in North African temperate forests

Abstract

The rare fungus Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers. was collected from temperate forests in northwestern Tunisia and described for the first time in Africa. In this paper, we report data about the distribution, ecology, morphology and molecular identification of H. erinaceus. Collected data may help expand our knowledge on this critically endangered rare species worldwide.     

猴头菌粉与5-氨基水杨酸联用抑制小鼠急性溃疡性结肠炎并提高肠道共生菌Parabacteroides distasonis丰度

猴头菌Hericium erinaceus是一种药食同源真菌,广泛应用于治疗胃肠道疾病,可采用液态发酵技术规模化量产获得菌丝体粉。本研究旨在分析猴头发酵菌粉（HE,300mg/kg/d）与5-氨基水杨酸（5-aminosalicylic acid,5-ASA,150mg/kg/d）联用对葡聚糖硫酸钠（dextran sodium sulfate,DSS）诱导的小鼠结肠炎的治疗作用。HE和5-ASA能够减轻小鼠急性溃疡性结肠炎症状,包括减轻体重的降低率和疾病活动指数评分（DAI）。HE和5-ASA联用可以显著抑制小鼠结肠组织炎症,通过降低肿瘤坏死因子-α（Tnf-α）和白细胞介素-β（Il-β）基因的表达。此外,利用16S rRNA基因测序技术对小鼠盲肠微生物群落组成及结构进行分析。HE与5-ASA联用可以重塑肠道微生态环境,并显著提高狄氏副拟杆菌Parabacteroides distasonis相对丰度。人体粪便体外发酵结果证实HE与5-ASA可以增加P. distasonis。综上,HE与5-ASA联用可有效抑制小鼠结肠炎症水平,并调节肠道微生物,可能是通过增加P. distasonis起作用。     

猴头菌属真菌化学成分及药理活性研究概述

对猴头菌属真菌的小分子化学成分、药理活性等方面的研究进行了综述.小分子化学成分研究结果表明,猴头菌属真菌含有多种萜类、酚类、甾体类、吡喃酮类、脂肪酸类等化学成分;现代医学和药理学的很多研究认为,猴头菌属真菌具有抗肿瘤、提高免疫力、抗溃疡、抗炎症、抗糖尿病、抗氧化、保肝等多种药用功效.文中讨论了目前研究中存在的主要问题并...     

Structural investigation of a novel rhamnoglucogalactan isolated from the fruiting bodies of the fungus Hericium erinaceus

A new heteropolysaccharide (HEP-1) was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus. It was estimated to have a molecular weight of 1.8x10(4) da and showed [alpha](D)(20) +129 (c 0.295, H(2)O). HEP-1 is composed of rhamnose, galactose, and glucose in the ratio of 1.19:3.81:1.00. Its structural features were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and IR and NMR spectroscopy. The results showed that HEP-1 has a (1-->6)-linked alpha-d-galactopyranosyl backbone with branches that are composed of rhamnose and glucose attached to O-2.     

食药用菌酸乳制作中深层发酵滤液添加量的比较

利用深层发酵培养基对两种食药用菌（香菇、猴头菌）进行深层发酵培养,然后分别将香菇（猴头菌）发酵滤液、奶粉、无菌水按不同比例配制成相应的复原奶,并接种乳酸菌制成酸乳。同时检测不同比例发酵滤液添加量所制得的酸乳的营养和理化特性,选择出了最佳比例的滤液添加量,即香菇滤液添加量以3份较好,而猴头菌则以4份滤液添加量最佳。     

A beta-D-glucan isolated from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus and its aqueous conformation

HEP3, a beta-D-glucan slightly soluble in water, was isolated from the alkaline extract of the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus. Its chemical structure was investigated by methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation and by IR and NMR spectroscopy. It was shown to have a main chain composed of beta-(1-->3)-linked D-glucopyranosyl residues, with single unit glucosyl branches attached to O-6 of every third backbone residue. Viscometry and Congo red reaction indicated that HEP3 has a highly ordered hydrogen-bond dependent conformation in aqueous solution, which collapses in strong alkaline solution.     

人工栽培猴头菌多糖提取工艺及抑菌作用研究

研究人工栽培猴头菌多糖最佳提取工艺和抑菌作用。采用正交试验法研究人工栽培猴头菌多糖的提取工艺,经透析、除蛋白、真空干燥后,采用DEAE-52阴离子交换纤维素进行分离纯化,Nacl分段梯度洗脱得到纯化的人工栽培猴头菌多糖0.2M组分,采用滤纸片扩散法研究人工栽培猴头菌多糖的抑菌作用、pH值对抑菌作用的影响和最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明:人工栽培猴头菌多糖的最佳提取工艺为浸提温度60℃、提取时间4 h、料液比1∶25,人工栽培猴头菌多糖对大肠杆菌有一定的抑制作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、沙门氏菌几乎没有抑菌作用。     

猴头菌子实体超临界流体技术萃取活性物质初探

以猴头菌子实体为原料,萃取物得率作为指标,采用CO₂超临界流体萃取技术,以萃取压力和CO₂流量等参数为考察因素,结合正交试验获得优化的萃取工艺：萃取压力为30MPa,温度为45℃,时间为1.5h,CO₂流量为20g/min,夹带剂（乙醇）与猴头菌子实体的物料比为5:1（mL:g）,在此条件下,萃取物得率为2.78%。与猴头菌子实体的醇提物相比,猴头菌子实体超临界萃取物具有更好的体外抗氧化能力和抗肿瘤活性,本研究结果为合理地开发和利用猴头菌子实体超临界萃取物产品提供科学的数据。     

PEG介导的猴头菌遗传转化体系的建立

对猴头菌Hericium erinaceus原生质体制备的各种因素进行比较研究,结果表明,猴头菌原生质体制备的最佳体系为：液体培养5d的猴头菌丝,以0.6mol/L KCl作为稳渗剂,加入含1.0%纤维素酶+1.0%蜗牛酶+1.0%溶壁酶的复合酶,在30℃酶解猴头菌丝3h时,原生质体得率达到3.0×106个/mL。潮霉素敏感性测试表明,猴头菌在PDSA固体培养基上的潮霉素最低筛选浓度为60μg/mL。采用PEG介导的原生质体法,将质粒pBgGI-hph（含有灵芝gpd1-Gl启动子和潮霉素抗性基因hph）转化猴头菌原生质体,经潮霉素初步筛选以及PCR鉴定,表明有4株猴头菌拟转化子的基因组扩增出hph基因;转化子经过多次转接后进行Southern杂交验证,结果表明4个转化子的基因组中均稳定整合了hph抗性基因。