黑曲霉pepD基因阻断突变菌株的构建及功能分析

运用同源重组技术破坏了黑曲霉基因组中的pepD基因,该基因编码一种类subtilisin的胞外蛋白酶PEPD。实验以黑曲霉GICC2773基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增pepD基因,并在此基因中间插入潮霉素抗性基因(hph)表达单元,由此产生了3.7kb的pepD阻断基因片段。将此阻断基因片段与载体pBS连接,构建成pepD基因阻断质粒pBSDH。采用原生质体-CaCl2/PEG法将酶切阻断质粒得到的含pepD基因和hph表达单元的3.7kb线性片段转化AspergillusnigerGICC2773菌株,在含潮霉素的平板上筛选潮霉素抗性转化子,从这些抗性转化子中经PCR检测分离到到1个pepD基因阻断突变菌株?pepD66。外源漆酶分泌活性分析显示,黑曲霉pepD基因的破坏使其外源漆酶的分泌表达有所提高。     

PEG法介导蛹虫草遗传转化体系的建立

由于真菌的遗传转化体系中一般以原生质体作为受体细胞,因而对蛹虫草原生质体制备的各种因素进行比较研究。结果表明,蛹虫草原生质体制备的最佳体系为:液体培养4天的蛹虫草菌球,以0.8 mol/L甘露醇作为稳渗剂,加入含1.5%蜗牛酶+1.5%溶壁酶复合酶,在34℃酶解蛹虫草菌球4 h时,原生质体得率达到1.0×10~7个/ml。潮霉素筛选压实验表明,蛹虫草原生质体在PDA固体培养基上的潮霉素最低筛选浓度为650 mg/L。采用正交试验的方法,设计PEG介导蛹虫草原生质体转化,将质粒p SB130-GFP转化蛹虫草原生质体,在荧光倒置显微镜下观察比较,得到最佳的转化体系为:PEG浓度为25%,冰浴时间为10 min,室温时间为20 min,质粒质量为30μg,原生质体个数为10~7个/ml。最终得到PEG法介导蛹虫草遗传转化的转化频率约为100~200个/μg(抗性转化子/质粒+10~7个原生质体)。转化子在含潮霉素的培养基上经4代以上的继代培养后仍可以表达潮霉素抗性并稳定遗传。为通过基因工程手段定向、快速改良蛹虫草药用品质,利用蛹虫草发酵方法生产一些具有重大经济价值的外源蛋白等奠定基础,并且有助于进一步了解蛹虫草这一大型真菌中基因的表达调控机制。     

黑曲霉pepD基因阻断突变菌株的构建及功能分析

运用同源重组技术破坏了黑曲霉基因组中的pepD基因,该基因编码一种类subtilisin的胞外蛋白酶PEPD。实验以黑曲霉GICC2773基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增pepD基因,并在此基因中间插入潮霉素抗性基因(hph)表达单元,由此产生了3.7kb的pepD阻断基因片段。将此阻断基因片段与载体pBS连接,构建成pepD基因阻断质粒pBSDH。采用原生质体-CaCl₂/PEG法将酶切阻断质粒得到的含pepD基因和hph表达单元的3.7kb线性片段转化AspergillusnigerGICC2773菌株,在含潮霉素的平板上筛选潮霉素抗性转化子,从这些抗性转化子中经PCR检测分离到到1个pepD基因阻断突变菌株?pepD66。外源漆酶分泌活性分析显示,黑曲霉pepD基因的破坏使其外源漆酶的分泌表达有所提高。     

PEG 介导的苹果腐烂病菌原生质体转化

摘要: 【目的】建立PEG 介导的苹果腐烂病菌原生质体遗传转化体系。【方法】本文利用带有hph 基因的质粒,以苹果腐烂病菌(Valsa mali var.mali) 03-8 为受体菌株,通过PEG 融合法对其原生体进行转化。【结果】于YEPD 内培养48 h 的菌丝,在酶解液浓度为50 mg /mL Driselase + 10 mg /mL Lysing Enzymes 情况下,按10 mL酶液/0. 5 g湿菌体比例,酶解2 h时可以释放出4 × 107 个/mL 原生质体,其转化效率为44 个/μg DNA。对转化子的PCR 检测和Southern 杂交分析表明,hph 基因已经整合进苹果树腐烂病菌的基因组中。转化子在PDA 培养基中继代5 次后,87. 5% 的转化子仍能正常生长,表明外源基因hph 能在苹果树腐烂病菌中稳定遗传。【结论】该转化体系的建立为苹果树腐烂病菌致病相关基因的深入研究奠定了基础。     

黑曲霉pepB基因缺失菌株的构建及其功能分析

以黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)GICC2773基因组DNA为模板,用PCR方法分别扩增pepB基因中的上游约1．4kb和下游约1．3kb两段DNA序列,将此两段序列按同一方向分别插入质粒pMW1中潮霉素抗性基因(hph)表达单元的5′和3′端,构建成重组质粒pMW1-pepB,用于通过同源重组靶向破坏基因组中的pepB基因。同源重组则采用原生质体-PEG方法,将酶切pMW1-pepB得到的线性片段转化A．niger GICC2773菌株,通过潮霉素选择平板得到62个Hgy抗性转化子,然后采用PCR方法从这些抗性转化子中筛选到1个由于同源重组产生的pepB基因缺失突变菌株pepB29。功能分析显示该突变株的酸性蛋白酶活性有明显下降,外源蛋白漆酶的分泌表达有所提高。     

PEG介导的柱状田头菇遗传转化体系建立

柱状田头菇（茶树菇）Agrocybe aegerita是一种美味的食用菌,具有极高的经济价值。随着其全基因组测序的完成,功能基因组学研究也逐渐展开,其中,高效的遗传转化体系作为技术基础成为研究重点。本研究以柱状田头菇原生质体为受体、潮霉素抗性基因（hph）作为筛选标记,以增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因（egfp）为报告基因,应用PEG介导法进行柱状田头菇遗传转化体系研究。结果表明,150μg/mL潮霉素可以完全抑制柱状田头菇的生长。30℃下用2%裂解酶液酶解菌丝3h,能够获得最大得率的原生质体。通过PEG介导将构建好的DNA片段转化入柱状田头菇原生质体,通过潮霉素抗性筛选获得转化子,转化得率达到7个/μg DNA。PCR验证和荧光显微镜观察,外源片段成功转入柱状田头菇中并稳定表达。本研究建立的PEG介导转化体系,为柱状田头菇基因功能研究提供了技术基础。     

以潮霉素B抗性为选择标记的深黄被孢霉原生质体转化

利用亚硝基胍（MNNG）诱变方法筛选了一株深黄被孢霉潮霉素B敏感型菌株M6-22-4。采用PEG介导的方法,将含有E.coli潮霉素B抗性标记的PD4质粒转入敏感株M6-22-4原生质体,并在潮霉素B浓度为400μg/mL的选择培养基上筛选转化子,获得了1.6～2.8个转化子/μg质粒DNA的转化频率。稳定性实验表明,质粒线性化后所获得的转化子在PDA培养基上传代10代以后,转接到选择平板上有31.6%仍具有HmB抗性;随机挑选了3个转化子,通过PCR方法检测到潮霉素抗性基因的存在,Southern杂交发现,潮霉素抗性基因已经以1～2拷贝数整合到深黄被孢霉M6-22-4染色体上,这是深黄被孢霉转化系统的首次报道。     

以潮霉素B抗性为选择标记的深黄被孢霉原生质体转化

利用亚硝基胍(MNNG)诱变方法筛选了一株深黄被孢霉潮霉素B敏感型菌株M6-22-4。采用PEG介导的方法,将含有E.coli潮霉素B抗性标记的PD4质粒转入敏感株M6-22-4原生质体,并在潮霉素B浓度为400μg/mL的选择培养基上筛选转化子,获得了1.6~2.8个转化子/μg质粒DNA的转化频率。稳定性实验表明,质粒线性化后所获得的转化子在PDA培养基上传代10代以后,转接到选择平板上有31.6%仍具有HmB抗性;随机挑选了3个转化子,通过PCR方法检测到潮霉素抗性基因的存在,Southern杂交发现,潮霉素抗性基因已经以1~2拷贝数整合到深黄被孢霉M6-22-4染色体上,这是深黄被孢霉转化系统的首次报道。     

根癌农杆菌介导的灰葡萄孢菌遗传转化研究

以pCAMBIA1300-N载体为骨架, 成功构建了以绿色荧光蛋白(gfp)为报告基因, 潮霉素(hph)为抗性筛选标记的载体pKPG, 并利用根癌农杆菌介导转化系统, 成功获得了能表达绿色荧光蛋白的重组灰葡萄孢菌。通过PCR检测转化子的绿色荧光蛋白基因和潮霉素抗性表达框, 观察菌丝和分生孢子的荧光表型, 以及gfp基因的Southern杂交验证, 结果表明：被测转化子基因组中均成功整合了目的基因片段。     

一种经济高效的禾谷镰孢菌原生质体转化方法(英文)

报道一种经济高效的禾谷镰孢菌原生质体的转化方法。制备禾谷镰孢菌原生质体的最佳条件为每毫升2% Drislase和2% Snailase混合酶液中加入0.12g幼殖体,于30℃酶解1.5h。其转化效率约为40–50个转化子/μg片段DNA;转化子的PCR检测结果表明,潮霉素B基因已插入禾谷镰孢菌的基因组中。建立的禾谷镰孢菌原生质体转化系统具有经济和高效的特点,为禾谷镰孢菌基因功能的研究提供了必要的技术支持。     

潮霉素B抗性为选择标记的整合型表达载体的构建及在米根霉中的遗传转化

为了建立适合米根霉的遗传转化体系,应用重叠延伸PCR的方法构建了以潮霉素B抗性为选择标记的单交换整合型表达载体p BS-hygro-ldh A;分别采用PEG/Ca Cl2介导的原生质体转化、原生质体电转化及萌发孢子电转化的方法将表达载体p BS-hygro-ldh A转化入米根霉AS 3.819菌株中,并研究了菌丝酶解时间、孢子萌发时间以及电转化电场强度对于转化效率的影响;通过荧光定量PCR(q PCR)对米根霉转化子基因组中质粒整合拷贝数进行了检测,并研究了其对米根霉转化子抗性稳定性的影响。实验结果表明成功获得整合了表达载体p BS-hygro-ldh A的米根霉转化子。菌丝酶解140 min产生的原生质体其再生率和转化率最高,原生质体电转化最佳电场强度为13 k V/cm,孢子萌发2.5 h转化率最高,萌发孢子电转化最佳电场强度为14 k V/cm。萌发孢子电转化方法转化率要高于原生质体转化的方法。荧光定量PCR检测结果表明,在一定范围内,高质粒整合拷贝数的米根霉转化子比较稳定。研究建立了用于工业米根霉菌株的遗传转化体系,为米根霉代谢调控研究以及菌种改造工作提供了基础与支持。     

一种有效的嗜热真菌杜邦嗜热菌靶向基因替代系统

以嗜热真菌杜邦嗜热菌Thermomyces dupontii NRRL 2155为研究材料,利用同源重组原理和真菌原生质体转化方法,以潮霉素抗性基因替换嗜热真菌目标基因,获得抗潮霉素的靶向基因敲除突变菌株。优化的遗传转化体系为：用15mg/mL裂解酶,在28℃下酶解2g杜邦嗜热菌菌丝5.5h以获得原生质体,经STC缓冲液洗涤重悬后,利用PEG（polyethylene glycol）介导的遗传转化方式,将10μg线性敲除全长片段转化至杜邦嗜热菌原生质体中,通过潮霉素筛选及PCR验证得到基因替换突变菌株,同源重组率达到20%。本研究首次将原生质体转化方法应用在杜邦嗜热菌,并成功建立稳定高效的基因替换体系,为快速构建杜邦嗜热菌的遗传转化体系和研究该嗜热真菌的基因功能提供有效方法。     

丝状真菌瑞氏木霉外源基因表达系统的构建

采用PCR技术体外扩增获得了瑞氏木霉外切葡聚糖纤维二糖水解酶Ⅰ (CBHⅠ )启动子和终止子序列 .并以大肠杆菌质粒pUC1 9为骨架 ,在该启动子和终止子序列间加入多克隆位点 ,构建了瑞氏木霉强表达整合型载体pTRIL .以质粒pAN7 1为模板 ,体外扩增了带有潮霉素磷酸转移酶(hph)基因的DNA片段 ,将hph插入pTRIL的cbh1启动子和终止子序列之间 ,构建了Pcbh1 hph Tcbh1表达盒 .用此表达盒转化瑞氏木霉C30原生质体 ,在潮霉素平板上得到 1 5株抗性转化子 .对其中的H1转化子进行了PCR和Southern印迹分析 ,证实hph基因确实整合到转化子染色体DNA上 ,并在Pcbh1 启动子控制下进行高效表达 .转化子H1对潮霉素抗性达 1 5 0mg L ,比出发菌株提高 2倍 .瑞氏木霉强表达整合型载体pTRIL的构建成功为开展瑞氏木霉分子生物学研究以及进一步的工程菌株构建工作奠定了基础     

赤霉菌原生质体DNA转化*

Methods for the protoplast preparation and DNA transformation of Gibberella fujikuroi were established. The protoplasts were transformed with plasmid pAN7-1, which carries hygromycin B resistant gene (hPh), and the transformation frequency was about 10. Some transformants grew vigorously on the selectivemedium containing 400μg / ml of hygromycin B, while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the antibiotic to the recipient strain was oniy 20μg / ml. Southern hybridization showed that the hph gene ha…     

Molecular characterization of the actin-encoding gene and the use of its promoter for a dominant selection system in the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha

The actin gene (ACT) from the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha was cloned and its structural feature was characterized. In contrast to the actin genes of other ascomycetous yeasts, which have only one large intron, the H. polymorpha ACT gene was found to be split by two introns. The H. polymorpha ACT introns were correctly processed in the heterologous host Saccharomyces cerevisiae despite appreciable differences in the splice site sequences. The promoter region of H. polymorpha ACT displayed two CCAAT motifs and two TATA-like sequences in a configuration similar to that observed in the S. cerevisiae actin promoter. A set of deleted H. polymorpha ACT promoters was exploited to direct expression of the bacterial hygromycin B resistance (hph) gene as a dominant selectable marker in the transformation of H. polymorpha. The resistance level of H. polymorpha transformants to the antibiotic was shown to be dependent on the integration copy number of the hph cassette. The selectivity of the hygromycin B resistance marker for transformants of higher copy number was remarkably increased with the deletion of the upstream TATA-like sequence, but not with the removal of either CCAAT motif, from the H. polymorpha promoter. The dosage-dependent selection system developed in this study should be useful for genetic manipulation of H. polymorpha as an industrial strain to produce recombinant proteins.     

Transformation of Aspergillus based on the hygromycin B resistance marker from Escherichia coli

A new, heterologous, dominant marker for selection of Aspergillus transformants is described. This marker is based on the Escherichia coli hygromycin B (HmB) phosphotransferase gene (hph). Expression of the hph gene is controlled by A. nidulans gpd and trpC expression signals. An Aspergillus transformation vector was constructed which contains this marker and confers HmB resistance to Aspergillus species. With both A. niger and A. nidulans, transformation frequencies of 5-20 transformants per micrograms vector DNA were obtained. Cotransformation with other vectors was shown to be very efficient in both species, when selection for HmB resistance was applied.     

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (agro-transformation) was successfully applied to the entomogenous fungus Beauveria bassiana. Conidia of B. bassiana were transformed to hygromycin B resistance using the hph gene of Escherichia coli as the selective trait, under the control of a heterologous fungal promoter and the Aspergillus nidulans trpC terminator. The efficiency of transformation was up to 28 and 96 transformants per 10(4) and 10(5) target conidia, respectively, using three distinct vectors. High mitotic stability of the transformants (80-100%) was demonstrated after five successive transfers on a nonselective medium. Abortive transformants were observed for all the hph(r) vectors used. Putative transformants were analysed for the presence of the hph gene by PCR and Southern analysis. The latter analysis revealed the integration of two or more copies of the hph gene in the genome. The agro-transformation method was found to be effective for the isolation of B. bassiana hygromycin resistant transformants and may represent a useful tool for insertional mutagenesis studies in this fungus.     

Expression of hygromycin phosphotransferase alters virulence of Histoplasma capsulatum

The Escherichia coli hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) gene, which confers hygromycin resistance, is commonly used as a dominant selectable marker in genetically modified bacteria, fungi, plants, insects, and mammalian cells. Expression of the hph gene has rarely been reported to induce effects other than those expected. Hygromycin B is the most common dominant selectable marker used in the molecular manipulation of Histoplasma capsulatum in the generation of knockout strains of H. capsulatum or as a marker in mutant strains. hph-expressing organisms appear to have no defect in long-term in vitro growth and survival and have been successfully used to exploit host-parasite interaction in short-term cell culture systems and animal experiments. We introduced the hph gene as a selectable marker together with the gene encoding green fluorescent protein into wild-type strains of H. capsulatum. Infection of mice with hph-expressing H. capsulatum yeast cells at sublethal doses resulted in lethality. The lethality was not attributable to the site of integration of the hph construct into the genomes or to the method of integration and was not H. capsulatum strain related. Death of mice was not caused by altered cytokine profiles or an overwhelming fungal burden. The lethality was dependent on the kinase activity of hygromycin phosphotransferase. These results should raise awareness of the potential detrimental effects of the hph gene.