Turnover of cell surface-bound capsular polysaccharide in Staphylococcus aureus

The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of Staphylococcus aureus strain Smith was labelled by growth of bacteria in the presence of radioactive N-acetylglucosamine and was separated from labelled cell wall components by affinity chromatography on wheat germ agglutinin following dissolution of the cells by lysostaphin. The products were partially characterised chemically and immunochemically. Similar labelled components were found in the culture fluid during growth. In a pulse-chase experiment, cell-bound CPS was released continuously into the culture fluid at the same rate as cell wall turnover and there was no evidence of direct excretion of CPS.     

Evidence that the capsule around mycobacteria grown in axenic media contains mycobacterial antigens: implications at the level of cell envelope architecture

The intracellular growth of pathogenic mycobacteria has been linked to the presence of an electron transparent zone (ETZ or capsule), which surrounds the phagocytized bacteria and prevents the diffusion of lysosomal enzymes in infected macrophages. Recently, it was suggested that this capsule may be a bacterial structures, even being present in test tube-grown pathogenic mycobacteria (FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 1988, 56, 225-230). In the present paper, we show that under special fixation and embedding conditions, this capsule was clearly observed among 7 strains of mycobacteria grown in axenic media and also in M. leprae extracted and purified from experimentally infected armadillo or nude mice. In the case of bacteria treated likewise but subject to a prior dehydration step, this capsular structure disappeared suggesting its lipidic nature. Ultrathin sections of M. intracellular after immunolabelling showed for the first time that this capsule obtained mycobacterial antigens confirming its mycobacterial origin. It is suggested that the mycobacterial capsule may be formed of inert lipids, in which surface antigens are embedded.     

Influence of acetic and butyric acid addition on polysaccharide formation byClostridium acetobutylicum

Summary The production of granulose (an intracellular reserve polygranule), capsule and exopolysaccharide was investigated in a synthetic medium in which the oxido-reduction level was modified by the addition of acetic or butyric acid. After addition of the acids, granulose synthesis increased from 150 to 300 mg glucose equivalents ·1^–1 and capsular synthesis decreased by 25%. Exopolysaccharide production was unchanged under these conditions. A hypothesis that attributes a role to the polymer in the oxido-reduction sequences is discussed.     

胶原生物膜在耳内镜下中耳胆脂瘤乳突根治术中的应用效果分析

摘要 目的：探讨胶原生物膜在耳内镜下乳突根治术中的应用效果。方法：选取徐州医科大学附属医院2021年4月至2022年 2月收治的51例中耳胆脂瘤患者进行回顾性分析,其中研究组27例患者予以胶原生物膜修复皮肤缺损,对照组予以颞肌筋膜修复术腔皮肤缺损,观察两组患者术后临床症状,手术时长,术腔完全上皮化时间、干耳时间及术前术后听力改变。结果：研究组术后患者因外耳道进水,存在感染及肉芽生长者1例,予以清理后未再次生长;对照组术后发生1例外耳道口狭窄的情况,予以橡胶扩张管进行扩张并后并定期清理术腔肉芽、脱落痂皮,患者外耳道恢复良好。两组术前耳闷、耳痛、耳鸣及术后耳痛VAS评分无明显差异（P>0.05）;研究组术后耳闷及耳鸣VAS评分较对照组降低（P<0.05）。研究组平均手术时长、术后术腔完全上皮化时间及平均干耳时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术前术后气骨导差（ABG）、平均气导听阈（AC）比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：作为术区移植物,胶原生物膜应用于耳内镜下中耳胆脂瘤乳突根治术可加快创面术腔的修复,减少局部创伤与操作步骤,改善临床症状,缩短手术时间、术后术腔完全上皮化时间及获得干耳时间,可作为临床上有效的修复材料。     

脑血康胶囊联合巴曲酶对急性脑梗死患者血清 MBP、NSE水平的影响

摘要 目的：研究脑血康胶囊联合巴曲酶对急性脑梗死患者血清髓鞘碱性蛋白(myebin bosic protein,MBP)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)水平的影响。方法：选择2018年3月～2019年3月我院收治的161例急性脑梗死患者,将其随机分为两组。对照组静脉滴注巴曲酶,首次给予10 BU,隔日给予5 BU,每两天给药1次;观察组在巴曲酶的基础上联合口服脑血康胶囊,每天3 次,每次3粒。观察和比较两组治疗总有效率、治疗前后血清MBP、NSE、全血黏度(whole blood viscosity,WBV)、红细胞压积(hematocrit,HCT)、血浆黏度(plasma viscosity,PV)和纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)水平及NHISS和BI评分的变化。结果：治疗后,观察组的有效率为91.25 %,明显高于对照组(64.2%,P<0.05);两组血清MBP、NSE、WBV、HCT、PV和FIB水平均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组的以上指标明显低于对照组(P<0.05);两组的BI评分明显升高(P<0.05),NHISS评分明显降低(P<0.05),观察组BI评分明显高于对照组,而NHISS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：脑血康胶囊联合巴曲酶对急性脑梗死有显著的疗效,能明显降低患者血清MBP、NSE水平,促进神经功能的恢复。     

1D-CADCapsNet: One dimensional deep capsule networks for coronary artery disease detection using ECG signals

PurposeCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death globally. Electrocardiogram (ECG), which records the electrical activity of the heart, has been used for the diagnosis of CVD. The automated and robust detection of CVD from ECG signals plays a significant role for early and accurate clinical diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to provide automated detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) from ECG signals using capsule networks (CapsNet).MethodsDeep learning-based approaches have become increasingly popular in computer aided diagnosis systems. Capsule networks are one of the new promising approaches in the field of deep learning. In this study, we used 1D version of CapsNet for the automated detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) on two second (95,300) and five second-long (38,120) ECG segments. These segments are obtained from 40 normal and 7 CAD subjects. In the experimental studies, 5-fold cross validation technique is employed to evaluate performance of the model.ResultsThe proposed model, which is named as 1D-CADCapsNet, yielded a promising 5-fold diagnosis accuracy of 99.44% and 98.62% for two- and five-second ECG signal groups, respectively. We have obtained the highest performance results using 2 s ECG segment than the state-of-art studies reported in the literature.Conclusions1D-CADCapsNet model automatically learns the pertinent representations from raw ECG data without using any hand-crafted technique and can be used as a fast and accurate diagnostic tool to help cardiologists.     

乳果糖联合双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊在轻微性肝性脑病患者中的应用效果

目的探讨乳果糖联合双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊在轻微性肝性脑病(MHE)患者中的应用效果。方法选择2015年1月至2019年4月在我院消化科住院就诊的94例MHE患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组各47例。两组患者均予基础治疗。观察组患者在基础治疗上加用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊(630 mg/次,2次/d,温开水送服)联合乳果糖口服液(20 mL/次,3次/d,口服)治疗,连用8周。对照组患者单用乳果糖口服液治疗,剂量、用法及疗程同观察组。观察两组患者治疗前后血氨、血清内毒素(ET)、数字连接试验(NCT)时间和数字符号实验(DST)评分及肠道菌群数量的变化,并比较肝性脑病(HE)的转变率。结果治疗8周后,两组患者血氨、ET和NCT时间均较治疗前明显下降,DST评分较治疗前明显上升,且观察组变化幅度大于对照组(均P0.05)。治疗8周后,两组患者肠道双歧杆菌和乳杆菌数量较治疗前显著增加,大肠埃希菌数量较治疗前显著减少,且观察组变化幅度大于对照组(均P0.05)。治疗后观察组患者HE的转变率为8.51%(4/47),明显低于对照组的23.40%(11/47),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=3.89,P=0.049)。结论乳果糖联合双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊能显著改善MHE患者智力测验结果,降低HE转化率,其作用机制可能与其能纠正患者肠道菌群紊乱,降低血氨水平,控制内毒素血症相关。     

金莲花液雾化吸入对慢性鼻窦炎功能性内窥镜术后患者鼻通气功能、生活质量和血清炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨金莲花液雾化吸入对慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)功能性内窥镜术后患者鼻通气功能、生活质量和血清炎性因子的影响。方法:选取2017年10月~2019年8月期间我院收治的CRS功能性内窥镜术后患者160例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=80)和研究组(n=80),对照组术后在常规治疗的基础上予以鼻腔生理盐水雾化吸入治疗,研究组在常规治疗的基础上予以金莲花液雾化吸入治疗,比较两组患者鼻通气功能[鼻腔最小截面积(NMCSA)、鼻腔容积(NV)]、生活质量和血清炎性因子[白介素-5(IL-5)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、降钙素原(PCT)]及预后相关指标。结果:两组患者治疗10 d后NMCSA、NV均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗10 d后情感职能、躯体疼痛、社会功能、生理功能、精神健康、活力、生理职能、总体健康的维度评分均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗10 d后血清IL-5、TNF-α、PCT水平均较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组术腔清洁时间、上皮化时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);研究组鼻黏液纤毛传输速度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:金莲花液雾化吸入治疗CRS功能性内窥镜术后患者,可有效改善其鼻通气功能及生活质量,抑制炎性反应,促进患者恢复。     

复方玄驹胶囊治疗精液液化异常的临床研究

目的：观察复方玄驹胶囊治疗精液液化异常的临床疗效。方法：选择2010年1月至2012年1月在广西医科大学第四附属医院男性科门诊精液液化异常患者182例,采用简单随机分组,其中100例口服复方玄驹胶囊,82例口服生精胶囊为对照组,观察患者治疗前后精子质量及精液液化状态。结果：两组患者在治疗少、弱精方面均较同组治疗前差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,在治疗精液液化异常方面,复方玄驹胶囊治疗组总有效率及治愈率较生精胶囊对照组差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：复方玄驹胶囊对少、弱精子症并精液液化异常具有较好的疗效,可作为治疗男性不育症的一种有效治疗方法。