The paper presents the yield-forming effect of Sandovit on field bean. The field experiments, carried out in the experimental field of the Regional Experimental Centre in Boguchwala near Rzeszów, showed the significant effect this product has on accelerating the growth of plants and their yield. A significant difference was proved between the experimental object and the control one regarding the number of pods set on a plant and filling them with seeds. The result was an increase in the seed crop by 22.3% in relation to the control object. The effect of Sandovit on decreasing the degree of damage to the field bean seeds was also proved. 相似文献
The central assumption of evolutionary theory is that natural selection drives the adaptation of populations to local environmental conditions, resulting in the evolution of adaptive phenotypes. The three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) displays remarkable phenotypic variation, offering an unusually tractable model for understanding the ecological mechanisms underpinning adaptive evolutionary change. Using populations on North Uist, Scotland we investigated the role of predation pressure and calcium limitation on the adaptive evolution of stickleback morphology and behavior. Dissolved calcium was a significant predictor of plate and spine morph, while predator abundance was not. Stickleback latency to emerge from a refuge varied with morph, with populations with highly reduced plates and spines and high predation risk less bold. Our findings support strong directional selection in three‐spined stickleback evolution, driven by multiple selective agents. 相似文献
Stress-inducible Hsp70i and constitutively expressed Hsc70 are highly related heat shock proteins. Aberrant expression levels and intracellular localization of these proteins has been suggested as a potential marker in certain tumors. The aim of our study was to work out a reliable, immunohistochemical detection of the stress-inducible Hsp70i protein and enabling discrimination between Hsp70i and Hsc70 proteins in paraffin-embedded human tissues. We tested the effect of several fixative procedures and antigen retrieval on the effectiveness of the Hsp70i detection in murine cells cultured in vitro and in liver of rats subjected to heat shock. For cells grown in vitro, specific Hsp70i immunoreactivity was obtained with all fixatives used. However, samples fixed in 10% formalin and 4% paraformaldehyde required antigen retrieval. In liver tissue embedded in paraffin, regardless the fixative used, positive Hsp70i staining could be visible only if antigen retrieval was applied. We applied this procedure for detection of Hsp70i in routine sections of breast and lung cancers fixed with 10% formalin and found that the application of thermal antigen retrieval significantly enhanced the SPA810 immunoreactivity and reduced background staining. This procedure enabled also the differential detection of Hsp70i and Hsc70 in routine histopathological preparations. 相似文献
Variation in the shell colour and banding polymorphism in the land snail Cepaea nemoralis was studied in 260 populations in the region of Gdańsk, northern Poland. Unlike in other regions of Poland, many populations
contain brown shells. Populations from shaded habitats have higher frequencies of brown than those from open and intermediate
habitats, largely at the expense of yellow shells. Nearly all brown shells are also unbanded. Apart from this disequilibrium,
banding morphs among yellow and pink shells show no relationship to habitat. There are no broad geographical trends in morph-frequencies,
but there are very strong correlations among populations very close together, revealed both by pairwise analysis and Moran’s
I. Principal Component Analyses show that these correlations relate to overall genetic similarity at the loci involved. The
populations are at the north-eastern limits of the species’ range; habitats are mostly anthropogenic, and comparisons with
studies in two urban areas (Wrocław, SW Poland, and Sheffield, central England) suggest that the patterns of variation seen
are a product of human transport of propagules followed by local dispersal. The effect of habitat here is much less marked
than in regions much further west, but it indicates that natural selection has occurred. 相似文献
Applications of cysteine-insertion and thioether linkage approaches to the preparation of a number of bioactive peptide conjugates are reported. Peptides containing epitopes from (i) herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D, (ii) a specific N-terminal beta-amyloid epitope recognized by therapeutically active antibodies, and (iii) a GnRH-III peptide from sea lamprey with antitumour activity, were elongated with Cys residues and attached to a chloroacetylated tetratuftsin derivative carrier via a thioether linkage either directly, or by insertion of a spacer. The structures and molecular homogeneity of all the peptide conjugates were ascertained by HPLC, MALDI and electrospray mass spectrometry. The use of a spacer such as an oligoglycine or GFLG-tetrapeptide gave an increased yield in the conjugation reaction and enhanced reaction rates. In the formation of cysteinyl-thioether linkages, it was found that the position of flanking Cys residues markedly influenced the conjugation reaction and the formation of intermolecular epitope disulfide-dimers. C-terminal Cys residues gave thioether conjugates with significantly diminished epitope-dimerization, while Cys at the N-terminal caused rapid disulfide-dimerization, thereby preventing efficient conjugation. 相似文献
Objective: Studies on the regulation of human blood flow revealed several modes of oscillations with frequencies ranging from 0.005 to 1 Hz. Several mechanisms were proposed that might influence these oscillations, such as the activity of vascular endothelium, the neurogenic activity of vessel wall, the intrinsic activity of vascular smooth muscle, respiration, and heartbeat. These studies relied typically on non-invasive techniques, for example, laser Doppler flowmetry. Oscillations of biochemical markers were rarely coupled to blood flow.
Methods: The redox potential difference between the artery and the vein was measured by platinum electrodes placed in the parallel homonymous femoral artery and the femoral vein of ventilated anesthetized pigs.
Results: Continuous measurement at 5 Hz sampling rate using a digital nanovoltmeter revealed fluctuating signals with three basic modes of oscillations: ~ 1, ~ 0.1 and ~ 0.01 Hz. These signals clearly overlap with reported modes of oscillations in blood flow, suggesting coupling of the redox potential and blood flow.
Discussion: The amplitude of the oscillations associated with heart action was significantly smaller than for the other two modes, despite the fact that heart action has the greatest influence on blood flow. This finding suggests that redox potential in blood might be not a derivative but either a mediator or an effector of the blood flow control system. 相似文献
Novel ω-N-amino analogs of B13 (Class E) were designed, synthesized and tested as inhibitors of acid ceramidase (ACDase) and potential anticancer agents deprived of unwanted lysosomal destabilization and ACDase proteolytic degradation properties of LCL204 [Szulc, Z. M.; Mayroo, N.; Bai, A.; Bielawski, J.; Liu, X.; Norris, J. S.; Hannun, Y. A.; Bielawska, A. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2008, 16, 1015].Representative analog LCL464, (1R,2R)-2-N-(12′-N,N-dimethylaminododecanoyl amino)-1-(4″-nitrophenyl)-1,3-propandiol, inhibited ACDase activity in vitro, with a similar potency as B13 but higher than LCL204. LCL464 caused an early inhibition of this enzyme at a cellular level corresponding to decrease of sphingosine and specific increase of C14- and C16-ceramide. LCL464 did not induce lysosomal destabilization nor degradation of ACDase, showed increased cell death demonstrating inherent anticancer activity in a wide range of different cancer cell lines, and induction of apoptosis via executioner caspases activation. LCL464 represents a novel structural lead as chemotherapeutic agent acting via the inhibition of ACDase. 相似文献