慢性缺氧对大鼠膈肌组织化学和超微结构影响的研究

研究慢性缺氧和参麦注射液治疗对大鼠膈肌组织化学和超微结构的影响,结果显示：缺氧使膈肌ＳＤＨ活性降低,Ⅰ类纤维极显著减少,运动终板ＣｈＥ活性极显著降低,线粒体肿胀变性,神经肌肉运动终板突触前部囊泡减少,突触间隙模糊,终板模电子密度降低;参麦治疗可恢复缺氧膈肌的ＳＤＨ活性及Ⅰ类纤维数目,显著提高终板ＣｈＥ活性,线粒体结构恢复正常,运动终板突触前部囊泡丰富,突触间隙清晰,终板膜电子密度正常。表明慢性缺氧降低膈肌有氧氧化能力,影响其能量代谢及神经冲动的传递,从而减弱其收缩力,而参安治疗可改善缺氧造成的上述损害,为其临床应用提供了实验医学依据。     

人工辅助投食对滇金丝猴肠道微生物群落的影响

【背景】肠道菌群与宿主的消化吸收、免疫抵抗和行为等息息相关,并受宿主的饮食、生活环境等因素影响。【目的】人工辅助投食能增加野生动物的营养摄入,但对其肠道菌群影响的研究较少。【方法】以云南白马雪山国家级自然保护区内的野生和人工辅助投食滇金丝猴群的新鲜粪便为材料,通过高通量测序探究人工辅助投食对猴群肠道菌群的影响。【结果】人工辅助投食的猴群肠道菌群丰富度、均匀度及谱系多样性更高,并且个体间群落组成差异更小。通过多级物种差异判别分析(linear discriminant analysis effect size, LEfSe)分析发现,人工辅助投食对20种不同分类水平的细菌相对丰度有影响,包括提升了厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)等8种类群的相对丰度,降低了变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)等12种类群的相对丰度。通过构建微生物相关网络发现,野生猴群肠道菌群网络结构更加复杂,鲁棒性更高。京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG)功能预测结果表明,人工辅助投食降低了猴群肠...     

河野脂螨发育各阶段外部形态扫描电镜观察

【目的】了解河野脂螨Lardoglyphus konoi各发育阶段外部形态和超微结构特征。【方法】利用室内培养获得的不同发育阶段的河野脂螨个体样本,在扫描电镜下观察各发育阶段(卵、幼螨、若螨和成螨)的外部形态和超微结构。【结果】河野脂螨卵呈椭圆形;幼螨足3对,未见生殖器官生长痕迹,生殖毛和肛毛缺如;若螨足4对,生殖器官发育不完全,有生殖毛和肛毛,但发育亦不完全。休眠体前端尖细,后端钝圆,呈梨形状。在末体区有吸盘板,其上有13个吸盘,呈2-2-4-5分布。成螨螯肢细长,剪刀状,其上的定趾和动趾上有几个小齿;顶外毛长度约为顶内毛的50%,与顶内毛处同一水平线上。雄成螨第3对足的跗节末端为2个粗钝的齿所替代;腹面有1个生殖区和带有1对肛门吸盘的肛区。雌成螨所有的爪均分叉;腹面生殖孔为1个纵向裂缝;肛门不伸达后缘。【结论】通过电镜扫描对河野脂螨不同发育阶段外部形态和超微结构的观察,更加详细地了解了该螨的形态结构,从而为脂螨科螨类的分类和生物学研究提供了理论依据。     

Crystal Structures of the Human G3BP1 NTF2-Like Domain Visualize FxFG Nup Repeat Specificity

Ras GTPase Activating Protein SH3 Domain Binding Protein (G3BP) is a potential anti-cancer drug target implicated in several cellular functions. We have used protein crystallography to solve crystal structures of the human G3BP1 NTF2-like domain both alone and in complex with an FxFG Nup repeat peptide. Despite high structural similarity, the FxFG binding site is located between two alpha helices in the G3BP1 NTF2-like domain and not at the dimer interface as observed for nuclear transport factor 2. ITC studies showed specificity towards the FxFG motif but not FG and GLFG motifs. The unliganded form of the G3BP1 NTF2-like domain was solved in two crystal forms to resolutions of 1.6 and 3.3 Å in space groups P2₁2₁2₁ and P6₃22 based on two different constructs, residues 1–139 and 11–139, respectively. Crystal packing of the N-terminal residues against a symmetry related molecule in the P2₁2₁2₁ crystal form might indicate a novel ligand binding site that, however, remains to be validated. The crystal structures give insight into the nuclear transportation mechanisms of G3BP and provide a basis for future structure based drug design.     

Identification of potential miRNA biomarkers for traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head

Traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head (TONFH) is a common orthopedic disease caused by physical injury in hip. However, the unclear pathogenesis mechanism of TONFH and lacking of simple noninvasive early diagnosis method cause the necessity of hip replacement for most patients with TONFH. In this study, we aimed to identify circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) by integrated bioinformatics analyses as potential biomarker of TONFH. mRNA expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Then we combined two miRNA screen methods: Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and fold change based differentially expressed miRNAs analysis. As a result, we identified 14 key miRNAs as potential biomarkers for TONFH. Besides, 302 target genes of these miRNAs were obtained and the miRNA–mRNA interaction network was constructed. Furthermore, the results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome pathway analysis, Gene Ontology function analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and PPI network module analysis showed close correlation between these 14 key miRNAs and TONFH. Then we established receiver operating characteristic curves and identified 6-miRNA signature with highly diagnosis value including miR-93-5p (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.93), miR-1324 (AUC = 0.92), miR-4666a-3p (AUC = 0.92), miR-5011-3p (AUC = 0.92), and miR-320a (AUC = 0.89), miR-185-5p (AUC = 0.89). Finally, the results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed the significantly higher expression of miR-93-5p and miR-320a in the serum of patients with ONFH. These circulating miRNAs could serve as candidate early diagnosis markers and potential treatment targets of TONFH.     

结核分枝杆菌硫醇乙酰基转移酶基因敲除株的构建及其生物学特性分析

为探索硫醇乙酰基转移酶(mycothiol acetyltransferase,MshD)在结核分枝杆菌中的生物学特性,本实验利用噬菌体为载体的同源重组技术,构建结核分枝杆菌mshD基因敲除株、mshD基因回补株,用实时定量聚合酶链反应(real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR)对所构建的菌株进行验证。分别收集H37Ra野生株、mshD基因敲除株、mshD基因回补株对数生长期菌液各5 mL, 离心收集菌体并培养,以观察菌落形态、生物膜形成及生长曲线测定;用5 mmol/L H₂O₂、0.05% SDS,50 ℃热激及低氧条件下分别处理基因敲出菌株和野生菌株,将菌液进行10倍梯度稀释,培养4～6周后检测抗胁迫能力并计算存活率。结果显示, 与野生株H37Ra相比,mshD基因敲除株菌落褶皱减少且菌落偏小,生长趋势较为缓慢;生物膜形成所需时间增长且褶皱明显减少;抗逆能力下降,存活率略低于野生株和回补株。揭示了mshD基因对结核分枝杆菌的生长具有重要作用,为进一步揭示该基因的功能和作用机制奠定了基础。     

蚂蚁筑巢对西双版纳热带森林土壤微生物生物量碳及熵的影响

蚂蚁筑巢能够改变热带森林土壤理化环境,从而对土壤微生物生物量碳及熵的时空动态产生重要影响.本研究以西双版纳高檐蒲桃热带森林群落为对象,采用氯仿熏蒸法对蚂蚁巢地和非巢地土壤微生物生物量碳及熵时空动态进行测定.结果表明: 1)蚁巢地平均微生物生物量碳及熵(1.95 g·kg^-1,6.8%)显著高于非巢穴(1.76 g·kg^-1,5.1%);蚁巢地和非蚁巢地土壤微生物生物量碳呈单峰型时间变化趋势,而土壤微生物熵呈“V”型变化格局.2)蚁巢地和非巢地土壤微生物生物量碳及熵均具有明显的垂直变化:微生物生物量碳随土层加深显著降低,微生物熵则沿土层加深显著升高,但蚁巢微生物生物量碳及熵的垂直变化较非巢穴显著. 3)蚂蚁筑巢引起了巢内水分和温度的显著改变,进而影响土壤微生物生物量碳及熵的时空动态.土壤水分分别解释微生物生物量碳及熵的66%～83%和54%～69%,而土壤温度分别解释土壤微生物生物量碳及熵的71%～86%和67%～76%. 4)蚂蚁筑巢引起土壤理化性质变化对土壤微生物生物量碳和熵产生重要影响.蚁巢土壤微生物生物量碳与土壤有机碳、温度、全氮、含水率呈极显著正相关,与容重、硝态氮,水解氮呈显著正相关,与土壤pH呈极显著负相关;除土壤微生物熵与pH呈显著正相关外,与其他土壤理化指标均呈显著负相关.土壤总有机碳、全氮和温度对微生物生物量碳的贡献最大,而土壤总有机碳和全氮对微生物熵的负作用最小.因此,蚂蚁筑巢能够显著改变微生境(如土壤水分与温度)及土壤理化性质(如总有机碳及全氮),进而调控热带森林土壤微生物生物量碳及熵的时空动态.