灯光诱虫在森林—鱼塘复合生态系统中的作用

昆虫是森林生态系统中的重要组成部分。由于森林中枯枝落叶较多,生境复杂,为昆虫提供了良好的繁殖和栖息场所;因而在森林中昆虫的种类多,数量大。大多数昆虫都以森林     

Benzotriazole-Based Polymer Acceptor for High-Efficiency All-Polymer Solar Cells with High Photocurrent and Low Voltage Loss

The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) have already exceeded 17%. However, the limited absorption range of an all-polymer system results in significantly reduced short-circuit current density (J_sc), which eventually influences the PCE improvement. To broaden the light absorption of polymer acceptors, herein, benzotriazole is introduced in the core unit of small molecule acceptors and thus two narrow-bandgap polymer acceptors named PTz-BO and PTz-C11 featuring the same molecular backbone and different side-chain length are synthesized. Compared with PTz-C11, the PTz-BO based-all PSCs deliver a slightly reduced J_sc, a large open-circuit voltage (V_oc) and a low voltage loss below 0.50 V. Moreover, ternary all-PSCs are constructed by introducing PTz-C11 as a guest component. Benefiting from the reduced recombination, improved exciton generation and dissociation, and balanced charge transport, a high efficiency of 16.58% is obtained for the ternary all-PSCs, with a high J_sc over 25 mA cm⁻² without sacrificing the V_oc. Such result represents the highest efficiency reported for benzotriazole-based all-PSCs in the literature thus far. This work demonstrates the great potential of benzotriazole for the synthesis of efficient narrow-bandgap polymer acceptors.     

生态脆弱区贫困与生态环境的博弈分析

生态脆弱区既是生态环境破坏最典型、最强烈的区域,也是贫困问题最集中的区域。然而,实践中试图摆脱"贫困陷阱"的成功案例并不多见。其中一个重要原因是鲜有协同生态保护与扶贫的研究,尤其是忽视了不同利益主体的相互作用过程与机制。从博弈论的视角,探讨生态脆弱区不同利益主体的两组核心博弈,即政府与民众以及政府与企业的博弈。研究发现,扶贫与生态环境保护相互作用过程事实上就是协调不同利益主体的目标与利益的博弈过程,博弈结果一定程度上决定了扶贫的效果以及生态环境保护的效应。研究为深入理解贫困与生态环境相互作用的过程与机制提供一个理论分析框架,并为中国生态脆弱区可持续发展实践提供有益借鉴。     

黔产昆明山海棠化学成分及其抑菌活性研究

该研究采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、半制备型高效液相色谱和重结晶等方法分离纯化,从黔产昆明山海棠乙醇提取物中分离得到11个化合物,并采用96孔板微量稀释法对化合物进行抑菌活性测定。结果表明:利用NMR,MS等现代波谱技术以及化合物的理化性质并结合参考文献分别鉴定为3-O-乙酰基齐墩果酸(1),雷酚萜(2),3-氧代齐墩果酸(3),β-谷甾醇(4),木栓酮(5),β-谷甾醇棕榈酸酯(6),雷公藤红素(7),大黄素(8),雷公藤内酯甲(9),雷藤二萜醌B(10),ent-kauran-16β,19-diol(11)。抑菌活性结果显示,化合物3、7和8具有较好的抑菌作用,MIC值为2~16μg·mL-1。其中,化合物6、11为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物11为首次从雷公藤属植物中分离得到,且首次发现了化合物3、7对绿脓杆菌和青枯菌具有明显的抑制作用。     

ADA-LacZ融合基因直接注射导入小鼠皮肤组织后的表达

将ADA－LacZ融合基因经直接注射导入小鼠皮肤组织,用注射点处的皮肤组织制作冰冻切片,经组织化学方法显示：此融合基因可在皮肤成纤维细胞中表达一种具有腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）和β-半乳糖昔酶（β-gal）双重酶活性的融合蛋白,这种直接将融合基因导入体内进行表达的方式．为在基因治疗和基因疫苗研究中探索一条新的简便可行的外源基因在体内表达的途径,提供了有益的实验依据。     

Genetic diversity and biogeography of the traditional Chinese medicine, Gardenia jasminoides, based on AFLP markers

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in China. Levels of genetic variation and patterns of population structure within and among eight wild or cultivated populations of G. jasminoides Ellis in China were investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Of the 11 primers screened, four produced highly reproducible AFLP bands. Using these primers, 244 discernible DNA fragments were generated with 165 bands (67.6%), were polymorphic, indicating considerable genetic variation at the species level. In contrast, there were relatively low levels of polymorphism at the population level with the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) ranging from 36.89% to 59.43%. Genetic diversity within populations ranged from 0.2086 to 0.3108, averaging 0.2392 at the species level. A high level of genetic differentiation among populations was detected based on Nei's genetic diversity analysis (76.59%), Shannon's index analysis (64.8%) and AMOVA analysis (72.75%). No significant statistical differences (analysis of molecular variance [AMOVA], p = 0.0639) in AFLP variation were found between regions. However, the variance among populations and within populations differed significantly (p < 0.001). An indirect estimate of historical levels of gene flow (N_m = 1.7448) was consistent with the high mean genetic identity (mean I = 0.9263) found among populations. There is an association between geographic and genetic distances between populations. Presently gene change exists between populations.     

Assembly of rhizosphere microbial communities in Artemisia annua: recruitment of plant growth‐promoting microorganisms and inter‐kingdom interactions between bacteria and fungi

Plant and Soil - Plant roots assemble unique microbial communities in rhizosphere, which are critical for plant adapting to natural environment. Given the pivotal importance of plant-microbe...