Microplastics in soil-plant system: effects of nano/microplastics on plant photosynthesis,rhizosphere microbes and soil properties in soil with different residues

Plant and Soil - To investigate the effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-beads) on the soil properties, photosynthesis of Flowering Chinese cabbage, the rhizosphere microbial community and...     

Morphology and identification of the final instar nymphs of three cicadas (Hemiptera,Cicadidae) in Guanzhong Plain,China based on comparative morphometrics

The present investigation provides comparative morphometrics of the final instar nymphs of three dominant cicada species, i.e., Cryptotympana atrata (Fabricius), Meimuna mongolica (Distant) and Platypleura kaempferi (Fabricius), in Guanzhong Plain, China. Particularly, characters on the antennae, legs, and apex of abdomen of both males and females of these three species were investigated and analyzed. In addition, the numbers of hind tibial spines of the final instar nymphs of 21 representatives of Cicadoidea were compared. The results provide useful characteristics for nymph identification of related species and for further taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis of Cicadoidea.     

Interactions between bacteria and fungi in macrophyte leaf litter decomposition

Microbes play an important role in decomposition of macrophytes in shallow lakes, and the process can be greatly affected by bacteria–fungi interactions in response to material composition and environmental conditions. In this study, microbes involved in the decomposition of leaf litter from three macrophyte species, Zizania latifolia, Hydrilla verticillata and Nymphoides peltata, were analysed at temperatures of 5, 15 and 25 °C. Results indicate that the decomposition rate was affected by temperature. Bacterial alpha diversity increased significantly along the time, while both temperature and plant species had a significant impact on the bacterial community, and plant type was shown to be the most important driving factor for the fungal community. The cosmopolitan bacterial taxa affiliated with Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Deltaproteobacteria, Firmicutes and Spirochaetes were key species in the investigated ecological networks, demonstrating significant co-occurrence or co-exclusion relationships with Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, according to different macrophyte species. This study indicates that bacteria involved in the decomposition of macrophyte leaf litter are more sensitive to temperature variance, and that fungi have a higher specificity to the composition of plant materials. The nutrient content of Hydrilla verticillata promoted a positive bacteria–fungi interaction, thereby accelerating the decomposition and re-circulation of leaf litter.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of BMS-986120 and its deuterated derivatives as PAR4 antagonists

BMS-986120 is a PAR4 antagonist that is being investigated as an antiplatelet agent in phase I clinical trial. An improved synthesis of BMS-986120 has been developed. Based on the novel synthetic approach to BMS-986120, a series of deuterated derivatives of BMS-986120 have been synthesized and biologically evaluated to search for more potent antiplatelet agents. The in vitro antiplatelet assay by turbidimetry demonstrated that PC-2 and PC-6 had IC₅₀ values of 6.30?nM and 6.97?nM, respectively, versus BMS-986120 with an IC₅₀ of 7.80?nM. The result of in vitro metabolic stability study showed that all of the deuterated compounds had similar half-life (T_1/2) and intrinsic clearance (Clint) in comparison with BMS-986120. Further probing the metabolic profile of BMS-986120 is worth being conducted.     

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention after Fibrinolysis for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BackgroundPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), fibrinolysis and the combination of both methods are current therapeutic options for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Google scholar and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy and safety of PCI after fibrinolysis within 24 hours, which was compared with primary PCI alone and ischemia-guided or delayed PCI. Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.30 following the methods described by the Cochrane library.ResultsA total of 16 studies including 10,034 patients were enrolled. As compared with primary PCI alone group, the short-term mortality (5.8% vs 4.5%, RR 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.65) and re-infarction rate (4.1% vs 2.7%, RR 1.46, 95%CI 1.05–2.03) were higher in the immediate PCI group (median/mean time ≤ 2 h after fibrinolysis). However, the short-term mortality and re-infarction rate showed no statistically significant differences in the early PCI group (2–24 hours after fibrinolysis). The rate of major bleeding events was higher both in the immediate PCI (6.3% vs 4.4%, RR 1.43, 95%CI 1.11–1.85) and the early PCI group (6.4% vs 4.4%, RR 1.46, 95%CI 1.03–2.06) as compared with primary PCI alone group. As compared with ischemia-guided or delayed PCI, early PCI was associated with significantly reduced re-infarction (2.4% vs 4.0%, RR 0.61, 95%CI 0.41–0.92) and recurrent ischemia (1.5% vs 5.3%, RR 0.29, 95%CI 0.12–0.70) at short-term. And the reduced re-infarction rate was also observed at long-term.ConclusionsEarly PCI after fibrinolysis, with a relatively broader time for PCI preparation, can bring the similar effects with primary PCI alone and is better than ischemia-guided or delayed PCI in STEMI patients with symptom onset < 12 h who cannot receive timely PCI. However, immediate PCI after fibrinolysis is detrimental.     

13种栎属植物叶片的气孔特征及其相关性分析和分类学意义

以13种栎属(Quercus Linn.)植物〔包括产自辽宁省的槲栎组(Sect. Quercus)8种和麻栎组(Sect. Aegilops)2种以及引自北美洲的沼生栎组(Sect. Erythobalanus)2种和引自波兰的白栎组(Sect. Lepidabalanus)1种〕为试材,观察了这些种类叶片的气孔形态,并分析了气孔器和气孔的形态参数,还对各形态参数间的相关性进行了分析;在此基础上,对13种栎属植物进行了聚类分析。结果表明：栎属植物叶片的气孔仅分布于下表皮;气孔器排列属无规则型;气孔保卫细胞呈肾形,内壁加厚;气孔下陷,呈椭圆形或狭长椭圆形。供试种类的气孔和气孔器的形态参数差异明显,变异系数差异较大;气孔器的长轴长度、短轴长度和面积分别为18.24~27.46μm、14.63~23.18μm和221.56~501.70μm2,变异系数分别为7.73%~15.90%、7.10%~17.44%和14.13%~32.73%,气孔器指数为0.73~0.85;气孔的长轴长度、短轴长度、面积和密度分别为8.69~15.41μm、1.94~8.49μm、15.15~104.93μm2和462.32~984.44 mm-2,变异系数分别为12.03%~22.17%、13.65%~34.10%、27.95%~54.13%和8.10%~16.99%,气孔指数为0.22~0.57;总体上,按照多数气孔器和气孔参数从大至小的变化趋势依次排序为沼生栎组、白栎组、麻栎组、槲栎组。相关性分析结果表明：供试种类的气孔密度与气孔器和气孔的长轴及短轴长度均呈极显著(P<0.01)负相关;气孔器面积与气孔器指数和气孔指数分别呈极显著和显著(P<0.05)正相关;气孔面积与气孔器和气孔的长轴和短轴长度、气孔器指数和气孔指数呈极显著正相关,但与气孔密度呈显著负相关。聚类分析结果表明：在欧氏距离10处可将13种栎属植物分为3类,第Ⅰ类包含槲栎组的8种,第Ⅱ类包含麻栎组和白栎组的3种,第Ⅲ类包含沼生栎组的2种。研究结果显示：栎属植物叶片的气孔特征具有一定的稳定性,可作为栎属植物组间分类及亲缘关系分析的依据之一。