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CHLOROPLASTS are more permeable to amino-acids1,2 than are cell membranes3 and also discriminate between their optical isomers2. This has led to the suggestion that the passage of amino-acids through the limiting membranes of chloroplasts is facilitated by carriers2. Using the additional criteria of saturation and competition, we support this suggestion and show that at least two carriers are probably involved. 相似文献
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RITA COLÓN-URBAN PAUL J. CHEUNG GEORGE D. RUGGIERI ROSS F. NIGRELLI 《Invertebrate reproduction & development.》2013,57(4):245-252
Thirty-two pedunculate barnacles, O. a. geryonophila, were maintained in culture for a period of 2 yr in the laboratory. These barnacles were obtained from the pleopods and mouth parts of the giant marine isopod, Bathynomus giganteus, which had been collected, at a depth of 200 fathoms, in the Gulf of Mexico. The carina, scutum, mandible and maxilla of adult barnacles were typical of deep water species. However, the tergum and labrum were intermediate between those of shallow and deep water species. Adults 3.1–4.1 mm in length were cultured in sea water (15–19°C), and fed on benthic copepods such as Tisbe furcata and Laophonte sp. Three broods of nauplii from 8 barnacles were obtained in 2 yr. Larvae were reared on plankton collected from Coney Island waters in which nauplii reached Stage IV in 10–14 days at 16°C. Isochrysis galbana and Thalassiosira pseudonana individually or in combination maintained nauplii to Stage IV, but with very high mortality. The lack of spines on the carapace edge of the nauplii distinguishes this deep water species from the shallow water form, O. mulleri. 相似文献
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Large-scale redistribution of maximum fisheries catch potential in the global ocean under climate change 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
WILLIAM W. L. CHEUNG VICKY W. Y. LAM JORGE L. SARMIENTO‡ KELLY KEARNEY‡ REG WATSON DIRK ZELLER DANIEL PAULY 《Global Change Biology》2010,16(1):24-35
Previous projection of climate change impacts on global food supply focuses solely on production from terrestrial biomes, ignoring the large contribution of animal protein from marine capture fisheries. Here, we project changes in global catch potential for 1066 species of exploited marine fish and invertebrates from 2005 to 2055 under climate change scenarios. We show that climate change may lead to large-scale redistribution of global catch potential, with an average of 30–70% increase in high-latitude regions and a drop of up to 40% in the tropics. Moreover, maximum catch potential declines considerably in the southward margins of semienclosed seas while it increases in poleward tips of continental shelf margins. Such changes are most apparent in the Pacific Ocean. Among the 20 most important fishing Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) regions in terms of their total landings, EEZ regions with the highest increase in catch potential by 2055 include Norway, Greenland, the United States (Alaska) and Russia (Asia). On the contrary, EEZ regions with the biggest loss in maximum catch potential include Indonesia, the United States (excluding Alaska and Hawaii), Chile and China. Many highly impacted regions, particularly those in the tropics, are socioeconomically vulnerable to these changes. Thus, our results indicate the need to develop adaptation policy that could minimize climate change impacts through fisheries. The study also provides information that may be useful to evaluate fisheries management options under climate change. 相似文献
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Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry - 相似文献
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The evolution and utility of ribosomal ITS sequences in Bambusinae and related species: divergence, pseudogenes, and implications for phylogeny 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences are commonly used for phylogenetic reconstruction because they are highly reiterated as components of rDNA repeats, and hence are often subject to rapid homogenization through concerted evolution. Concerted evolution leads to intragenomic uniformity of repeats even between loci on nonhomologous chromosomes. However, a number of studies have shown that the ITS polymorphism within individuals is quite common. The molecular systematics of Bambusinae and related species were recently assessed by different teams using independently generated ITS sequences, and the results disagreed in some remarkable features. Here we compared the ITS sequences of the members of Bambusa s. l., the genera Dendrocalamus, Dinochloa, Gigantochloa, Guadua, Melocalamus, Monocladus, Oxytenanthera, Thyrsostachys, Pleioblastus, Pseudosasa and Schizostachyum.We have reanalysed the ITS sequences used by different research teams to reveal the underlying patterns of their different results. After excluding the sequences suspected to represent paralogous loci, a phylogenetic analysis of the subtribe Bambusinae species were performed using maximum parsimony and maximum-likelihood methods. The implications of the findings are discussed. The risk of incorporating ITS paralogues in plant evolutionary studies that can distort the phylogenetic signal should caution molecular systematists. 相似文献
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LIANG ZHOU MING-YAN CHEUNG QI ZHANG CAI-LIN LEI SHI-HONG ZHANG SAMUEL SAI-MING SUN & HON-MING LAM 《Plant, cell & environment》2009,32(12):1804-1820
Receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) containing an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (eLRR) domain, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic kinase domain play important roles in plant disease resistance. Simple eLRR domain proteins structurally resembling the extracellular portion of the RLKs may also participate in signalling transduction and plant defence response. Yet the molecular mechanisms and subcellular localization in regulating plant disease resistance of these simple eLRR domain proteins are still largely unclear. We provided the first experimental evidence to demonstrate the subcellular localization and trafficking of a novel simple eLRR domain protein (OsLRR1) in the endosomal pathway, using both confocal and electron microscopy. Yeast two-hybrid and in vitro pull-down assays show that OsLRR1 interacts with the rice hypersensitive-induced response protein 1 (OsHIR1) which is localized on plasma membrane. The interaction between LRR1 and HIR1 homologs was shown to be highly conserved among different plant species, suggesting a close functional relationship between the two proteins. The function of OsLRR1 in plant defence response was examined by gain-of-function tests using transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana . The protective effects of OsLRR1 against bacterial pathogen infection were shown by the alleviating of disease symptoms, lowering of pathogen titres and higher expression of defence marker genes. 相似文献
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本研究在2017-2019年期间利用新型大型飞行阻隔器在香港8个样地(八仙岭、西贡、城门、马鞍山、大帽山、大榄、地塘仔、石壁)开展了甲虫采集,整理鉴定出11科15种罕见甲虫,其中包括中国新纪录属种3个,香港新纪录科1个,香港新纪录属7个,香港新纪录种5个。在此基础上,对飞行阻隔器在获取罕见甲虫标本方面的效能进行了评价,并给出了飞行阻隔器未来的改造建议与方向,探讨了飞行阻隔器在生物多样性调查中的应用潜力。 相似文献