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Cengiz?KayaEmail author Muhammed?Ashraf Osman?Sonmez Atilla?L.?Tuna Tahir?Polat Salih?Aydemir 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2015,37(1):1741
The effects of thiamin (Thi) applied as seed soaking or foliar spray on some key physiological parameters were investigated in two differentially salt-responsive maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars, DK 5783 and Apex 836 F1, exposed to saline stress in two different experiments. An initial experiment (germination experiment) was designed to identify appropriate doses of Thi which could lessen the deleterious effects of salt on plants and screen all available maize cultivars for their differential tolerance to salt stress (100 mM NaCl). The seeds of nine maize cultivars were soaked for 24 h in solutions containing six levels of Thi (25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 mg l?1). Based on the results obtained from the germination experiment, maize cultivar DK 5783 was found to be the most salt tolerant and Apex 836 as the most sensitive cultivar. Also, of six Thi levels used, two levels (100 and 125 mg l?1) were chosen for subsequent studies. In the second experiment (glasshouse experiment), two maize cultivars, DK 5783 (salt tolerant) and Apex 836 (salt sensitive) were subjected to saline regime (100 mM NaCl) and two levels of Thi (100 and 125 mg l?1) applied as foliar spray. Salt stress markedly suppressed shoot and root dry mass, total chlorophylls (“a” + “b”), leaf water potential and maximum fluorescence yield (Fv/Fm) in the plants of both maize cultivars, but it increased proline accumulation, leaf osmotic pressure, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations, electrolyte leakage (EL) as well as activities of some key antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC. 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7) and catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6). Salt-induced reduction in plant growth parameters was higher in the salt-sensitive cultivar, Apex 836, which was found to be associated with relatively increased EL, and MDA and H2O2 levels, and decreased activities of the key antioxidant enzymes. Application of Thi as seed soaking or foliar spray partly mitigated the deleterious effects of salinity on plants of both maize cultivars. The most promising effect of Thi on alleviation of adverse effects of salt stress on maize plants was found when it was applied as foliar spray at 100 mg l?1. Thiamin application considerably reduced tissue Na+ concentration, but improved those of N, P, Ca2+ and K+ in the salt-stressed maize plants. Exogenously applied thiamin-induced growth improvement in maize plants was found to be associated with reduced membrane permeability, MDA and H2O2 levels, and altered activities of some key antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, SOD and POD as well as increased photosynthetic pigment concentration under saline regime. 相似文献
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Germano Siqueira Adriane MF Milagres Walter Carvalho Gerald Koch André Ferraz 《Biotechnology for biofuels》2011,4(1):7
Background
Lignin and hemicelluloses are the major components limiting enzyme infiltration into cell walls. Determination of the topochemical distribution of lignin and aromatics in sugar cane might provide important data on the recalcitrance of specific cells. We used cellular ultraviolet (UV) microspectrophotometry (UMSP) to topochemically detect lignin and hydroxycinnamic acids in individual fiber, vessel and parenchyma cell walls of untreated and chlorite-treated sugar cane. Internodes, presenting typical vascular bundles and sucrose-storing parenchyma cells, were divided into rind and pith fractions. 相似文献5.
Vera MF da Silva Anthony M Carter Carlos E Ambrosio Ana F Carvalho Marina Bonatelli Marcelo C Lima Angelica Maria Miglino 《Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E》2007,5(1):26-6
A recent reassessment of the phylogenetic affinities of cetaceans makes it timely to compare their placentation with that
of the artiodactyls. We studied the placentae of two sympatric species of dolphin from the Amazon River Basin, representing
two distinct families. The umbilical cord branched to supply a bilobed allantoic sac. Small blood vessels and smooth muscle
bundles were found within the stroma of the cord. Foci of squamous metaplasia occurred in the allanto-amnion and allantochorion.
The interhemal membrane of the placenta was of the epitheliochorial type. Two different types of trophoblastic epithelium
were seen. Most was of the simple columnar type and indented by fetal capillaries. However, there were also areolar regions
with tall columnar trophoblast and these were more sparsely supplied with capillaries. The endometrium was well vascularised
and richly supplied with actively secreting glands. These findings are consistent with the current view that Cetacea are nested
within Artiodactyla as sister group to the hippopotamids. 相似文献
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A Yay D Akkuş H Yapıslar E Balcıoglu MF Sonmez S Ozdamar 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》2014,89(8):552-557
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a significant role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. We investigated the effects of an antioxidant, carnosine, on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced renal injury in diabetic rats. We used four groups of eight rats: group 1, control; group 2, carnosine treated; group 3, untreated diabetic; group 4, carnosine treated diabetic. Kidneys were removed and processed, and sections were stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and subjected to eNOS immunohistochemistry. Examination by light microscopy revealed degenerated glomeruli, thickened basement membrane and glycogen accumulation in the tubules of diabetic kidneys. Carnosine treatment prevented the renal morphological damage caused by diabetes. Moreover, administration of carnosine decreased somewhat the oxidative damage of diabetic nephropathy. Appropriate doses of carnosine might be a useful therapeutic option to reduce oxidative stress and associated renal injury in diabetes mellitus. 相似文献
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Patrick MF Derkx Thomas Janzen Kim I Sørensen Jeffrey E Christensen Birgitte Stuer-Lauridsen Eric Johansen 《Microbial cell factories》2014,13(Z1):S5
The food industry is constantly striving to develop new products to fulfil the ever changing demands of consumers and the strict requirements of regulatory agencies. For foods based on microbial fermentation, this pushes the boundaries of microbial performance and requires the constant development of new starter cultures with novel properties. Since the use of ingredients in the food industry is tightly regulated and under close scrutiny by consumers, the use of recombinant DNA technology to improve microbial performance is currently not an option. As a result, the focus for improving strains for microbial fermentation is on classical strain improvement methods. Here we review the use of these techniques to improve the functionality of lactic acid bacteria starter cultures for application in industrial-scale food production. Methods will be described for improving the bacteriophage resistance of specific strains, improving their texture forming ability, increasing their tolerance to stress and modulating both the amount and identity of acids produced during fermentation. In addition, approaches to eliminating undesirable properties will be described. Techniques include random mutagenesis, directed evolution and dominant selection schemes. 相似文献
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Demirogullari B Cirak MY Poyraz A Sonmez K Kulah C Turkyilmaz Z Karabulut R Yilmaz Y Basaklar AC Kale N 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP》2003,135(3):249-255
Lactulose and lactitol, non-absorbable disaccharides, prevent bacterial translocation (BT) arising from the gut. In contrast, lack of food into the gut leads to coliform bacterial overgrowth and even if it does not cause BT, can induce the risk from other stimuli for BT. In this study, we tested whether lactulose and lactitol affected populations of coliform bacteria in the caecum during starvation in Sprague-Dawley rats. Three groups of rats were starved for 72 h and given oral 2 ml undiluted lactulose (670 mg/ml), 2 ml undiluted lactitol (666 mg/ml) or 2 ml physiological saline, respectively, once a day. The caecum and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were removed for microbiological and histopathological analyses. The highest degree of coliform bacterial overgrowth, BT to MLNs and histopathological damage were observed in lactulose-treated rats, followed by the group treated with lactitol. As a result of this study, both drugs, especially lactulose augmented the proliferation and translocation tendency of coliform bacteria in the caecum during 72-h starvation in rats. 相似文献
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Identification of 491 proteins in the tear fluid proteome reveals a large number of proteases and protease inhibitors 下载免费PDF全文