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1.
Natan Medeiros Maciel Carlos Alberto Schwartz Guarino Rinaldi Colli Mariana Souza Castro Wagner Fontes Elisabeth N. Ferroni Schwartz 《Biochemical Systematics and Ecology》2006
This research tested the utility of two classes of skin secretion compounds to the phylogeny of the Bufo crucifer group. Skin secretions from specimens of nine populations of B. crucifer group were obtained and submitted to qualitative analysis. We observed a clear difference in the composition of the skin secretion molecules obtained from the species of Bufo studied. Fifty-nine molecules, 16 indolealkylamines and 43 proteins, were used as characters, and 39 of these were parsimonious informative. The tree topology of the skin secretion combined data showed areas of congruence and conflict when compared to an mtDNA phylogeny of the B. crucifer group. We used the Templeton test to evaluate the heterogeneity between the skin secretion and mtDNA data. Although not recommended, we performed a combined analysis with the two partitions. The skin secretion characters from the species of Bufo studied have phylogenetic signal. These data are indicative, at least as a preliminary study, of the phylogenetic relationships among the B. crucifer group taxa. 相似文献
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5.
Nitrogen-starved sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Peredovic) cannot absorb NO
3
–
or NO
2
–
upon initial exposure to these anions. Ability of the plants to take up NO
3
–
and NO
2
–
at high rates from the beginning was induced by a pretreatment with NO
3
–
. Nitrite also acted as inducer of the NO
2
–
-uptake system. The presence of cycloheximide during NO
3
–
-pretreatment prevented the subsequent uptake of NO
3
–
and NO
2
–
, indicating that both uptake systems are synthesized de novo when plants are exposed to NO
3
–
. Cycloheximide also suppressed nitrate-reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) and nitrite-reductase (EC 1.7.7.1) activities in the roots. The sulfhydryl-group reagent N-ethylmaleimide greatly inhibited the uptake of NO
3
–
and NO
2
–
. Likewise, N-ethylmaleimide promoted in vivo the inactivation of nitrate reductase without affecting nitrite-reductase activity. Rates of NO
3
–
and NO
2
–
uptake as a function of external anion concentration exhibited saturation kinetics. The calculated Km values for NO
3
–
and NO
2
–
uptake were 45 and 23 M, respectively. Rates of NO
3
–
uptake were four to six times higher than NO
3
–
-reduction rates in roots. In contrast, NO
2
–
-uptake rates, found to be very similar to NO
3
–
-uptake rates, were much lower (about 30 times) than NO
2
–
-reduction rates. Removal of oxygen from the external solution drastically suppressed NO
3
–
and NO
2
–
uptake without affecting their reduction. Uptake and reduction were also differentially affected by pH. The results demonstrate that uptake of NO
3
–
and NO
2
–
into sunflower plants is mediated by energy-dependent inducible-transport systems distinguishable from the respective enzymatic reducing systems.Abbreviations CHI
cycloheximide
- NEM
N-ethylmaleimide
- NiR
nitrite reductase
- NR
nitrate reductase
-
pHME
p-hydroxymercuribenzoate
This research was supported by grant PB86-0232 from the Dirección General de Investigatión Científica y Técnica (Spain). One of us (E.A.) thanks the Consejeria de Educación y Ciencia de la Junta de Andalucia for the tenure of a fellowship. We thank Miss G. Alcalá and Miss C. Santos for their valuable technical and secretarial assistance. 相似文献
6.
We have previously demonstrated that Na+,K(+)-ATPase can be phosphorylated by 100 microM ATP and 5 mM Mg2+ and in the absence of Na+, provided that 40% dimethylsulfoxide (Me2SO) is present. Phosphorylation was stimulated by K+ up to a steady-state level of about 50% of Etot (Barrabin et al. (1990) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1023, 266-273). Here we describe the time-course of phosphointermediate (EP) formation and of dephosphorylation of EP at concentrations of Mg2+ from 0.1 to 5000 microM and of K+ from 0.01 to 100 mM. The results were simulated by a simplified version of the commonly accepted Albers-Post model, i.e. a 3-step reaction scheme with a phosphorylation, a dephosphorylation and an isomerization/deocclusion step. Furthermore it was necessary to include an a priori, Mg(2+)- and K(+)-independent, equilibration between two enzyme forms, only one of which (constituting 14% of Etot) reacted directly with ATP. The role of Mg(2+) was two-fold: At low Mg2+, phosphorylation was stimulated by Mg2+ due to formation of the substrate MgATP, whereas at higher concentrations it acted as an inhibitor at all three steps. The affinity for the inhibitory Mg(2+)-binding was increased several-fold, relative to that in aqueous media, by dimethylsulfoxide. K+ stimulated dephosphorylation at all Mg(2+)-concentrations, but at high, inhibitory [Mg2+], K+ also stimulated the phosphorylation reaction, increasing both the rate coefficient and the steady-state level of EP. Generally, the presence of Me2SO seems to inhibit the dephosphorylation step, the isomerization/deocclusion step, and to a lesser extent (if at all) the phosphorylation reaction, and we discuss whether this reflects that Me2SO stabilizes occluded conformations of the enzyme even in the absence of monovalent cations. The results confirm and elucidate the stimulating effect of K+ on EP formation from ATP in the absence of Na+, but they leave open the question of the molecular mechanism by which Me2SO, inhibitory Mg2+ and stimulating K+ interact with the Na+,K(+)-ATPase. 相似文献
7.
Marcelo V. Sousa Michael Richardson Wagner Fontes Lauro Morhy 《Journal of Protein Chemistry》1994,13(8):659-667
Enterolobin, a 55-kDa cytolytic, inflammatory, and insecticidal protein isolated from seeds of the Brazilian treeEnterolobium contortisiliquum (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae) has been further purified and partially sequenced by using both manual and automated methods. A computational search of enterolobin partial amino acid sequence against the PIR database revealed possible sequence similarities with aerolysins, cytolytic proteins fromAeromonas species. An alignment of enterolobin partial sequence to the amino acid sequences ofA. hydrophila andA. sobria aerolysins showed several similar regions with many residue identites. The seed protein enterolobin and the bacterial aerolysins may be homologous proteins despite the distant phylogenetic relationship. 相似文献
8.
9.
T. Macedo C. A. Fontes Ribeiro D. Cotrim P. Tavares M. T. Morgadinho M. Caramona M. T. Nunes Vicente L. Rodrigues M. G. Cardoso M. L. Keating 《Molecular neurobiology》1995,11(1-3):21-29
This work evaluated in a population of heroin and heroin plus cocaine human addicts:
- Norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (Epi), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) (the principal metabolite of brain NE) plasma levels;
- Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity; and
- 3H-imipramine specific binding to the amine carrier in platelets.
10.
Urea-Elicited Changes in Relative Electrophoretic Mobility of Certain Glycinin and beta-Conglycinin Subunits 下载免费PDF全文
Six molar urea in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels altered the relative electrophoretic mobility of several soybean protein subunits. Glycinin acidic polypeptide components A3 and A4 could be resolved from the other acidic polypeptides. A variant of the δ′ subunit of β-conglycinin was identified. 相似文献