Can genomics clarify the origins of Boreioglycaspis melaleucae in California,USA?

The Australian psyllid Boreioglycaspis melaleucae is a biological control agent of Melaleuca quinquenervia in Florida (USA) but was observed attacking M. quinquenervia trees in southern California (USA). Genotyping revealed the California population matched three of eight Australian haplotypes and all three Florida haplotypes. It remains unclear if the California psyllid population arrived directly from Australia or via Florida.     

Characterization of a membrane-associated protein kinase of multidrug-resistant HL60 cells which phosphorylates P-glycoprotein

Cells containing increased levels of the membrane phosphoprotein P-glycoprotein exhibit a multidrug-resistant phenotype. In the present study we have analyzed protein kinases capable of phosphorylating P-glycoprotein in membranes of HL60 cells isolated for resistance to vincristine. Analysis of this system demonstrates that in isolated membranes the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine greatly reduces P-glycoprotein phosphorylation. In contrast, the kinase inhibitor H-7 does not affect this reaction. Fractionation of solubilized membrane proteins from sensitive and resistant cells on DEAE-cellulose reveals a major protein kinase (PK-1) which exhibits optimal activity in the presence of Mn2+ and histone H1. This enzyme fraction does not contain detectable levels of protein kinase C or cAMP-dependent protein kinase. PK-1 phosphorylation of two endogenous proteins is, however, greatly enhanced in the presence of phosphatidylserine or phosphatidyl-inositol. In reaction mixtures containing Mg2+ or Mn2+ in the absence of phospholipid, PK-1 from resistant cells phosphorylates an endogenous protein of 180 kilodaltons (P180), which exhibits an electrophoretic mobility identical to P-glycoprotein. In parallel experiments with PK-1 from sensitive cells there is no detectable phosphorylation of a P180 protein. P180 phosphorylated by PK-1 from resistant cells is immunoprecipitated by antibody against P-glycoprotein. Additional studies demonstrate that PK-1 is capable of phosphorylating specific synthetic peptides which correspond to the sequence of P-glycoprotein. Peptide phosphorylation occurs at both serine and threonine residues. These studies thus identify a novel membrane-associated protein kinase in HL60 cells which is capable of phosphorylating P-glycoprotein. This enzyme may have an important role in regulating levels of multidrug resistance.     

代谢组学及其应用

对代谢组学的概念、特性、发展历史做了简要介绍,综述了当前代谢组学研究中的数据采集、数据分析中采用的技术,及代谢组学在疾病诊断、药物毒性研究、植物和微生物等邻域的应用,并对代谢组学的发展作了展望。     

木聚糖酶分子结构与重要酶学性质关系的研究进展

木聚糖是一种多聚五碳糖 ,是植物细胞中主要的半纤维素成分。木聚糖酶是可将木聚糖降解成低聚木糖和木糖的水解酶 ,它在饲料、造纸、食品、能源工业和环境科学上有着广阔的应用前景。随着分子生物学、结构生物学的发展及蛋白质工程的应用 ,对木聚糖酶结构和功能的研究不断深入。这里重点阐述与酶的活性、热稳定性、作用pH、等电点、底物亲和性及催化效率等重要性质相关的分子结构研究进展 ,讨论了其进一步的研究发展方向。研究木聚糖酶结构与功能的关系 ,对进一步加深木聚糖酶作用机制的了解、指导木聚糖酶的分子改良有重要意义。     

人附红细胞体感染FMMU白化豚鼠的研究

用附红细胞体分别感染FMMU白化豚鼠和普通花色豚鼠,同时测定两组豚鼠的红细胞免疫功能,探讨FMMU白化豚鼠的免疫学特性与病原体敏感性之间的关系。结果表明,FMMU白化豚鼠对人附红细胞体比普通花色豚鼠敏感。封闭群FMMU白化豚鼠有独特的免疫学特性,红细胞免疫功能低于普通花色豚鼠,对病原体敏感性高于普通花色豚鼠,更适于建立感染性疾病动物模型。     

Governmental policies on HIV infection in China

EVOLUTION OF THE GOVERNMENT POLI- CIES Looking back 20 and more years, one could have hardly imagined that such great changes would have happened to the governmental policies on HIV/AIDS in China. In the earlier phase of the epidemic, laws and regulations were drafted based on the practices and experiences of preven- tion and control of other infectious diseases, such as isolation, quarantine and compulsory testing and examina- tions etc. When the HIV/AIDS epidemic was firstl…     

Study of the tolerance of Hippochaete ramosissimum to Cu stress

We investigated the tolerance of Hippochaete ramosissimum and the changes in physiological metabolism following exposure to copper using pot experiments and analyzing plant physiology and biochemistry. The results showed that Cu tolerance in Hippochaete ramosissimum varied significantly between different populations; the tolerance of plants living in Cu polluted areas for extended periods of time exceeded that of plants living in unpolluted areas. SOD and POD activities in highly Cu tolerant plants increased noticeably following exposure to Cu. This indicates that maintaining and increasing the two kinds of protective enzyme activities are the primary foundations of plant tolerance. However, no change in CAT activity was demonstrated following Cu exposure. In summary, there existed considerable differences in physiological metabolism between different populations of Hippochaete ramosissimum following exposure to Cu.     

HBV preS/S基因克隆及其在酿酒酵母中的表达

目的:探索利用酿酒酵母系统表达乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)preS／S基因。方法:利用PCR技 术,以HBV病毒DNA为模板,体外扩增HBV preS／S基因。然后构建重组表达载体pESC-preS／S。 用LiAc法转化酿酒酵母YPH50,选取重组菌进行培养,并诱导表达外源蛋白。提取蛋白浓缩后 进行SDS-PAGE分析,并经Western blot分析鉴定。结果:实验结果表明重组菌能够表达HBV preS／S蛋白。结论:利用酿酒酵母系统可成功表达HBV preS／S基因,为制备新型预防性疫苗提供 条件。     

奶山羊转基因供核细胞的再饥饿对核移植胚胎发育的影响

为提高转基因奶山羊体细胞核移植胚胎早期发育率,将经转染外源基因的山羊胎儿成纤维细胞经饥饿培养(含0.5?S的DMEM)5天后分成两部分:第一部分细胞-80℃或液氮冻存,试验前复苏后直接用作供核细胞(试验组Ⅰ),或复苏后恢复培养(含10% FCS的DMEM)2-5天后再饥饿5天用作供核细胞(试验组Ⅱ);第二部分细胞作传代培养(含10% FCS的DMEM)2天后再饥饿5 天用作供核细胞(试验组Ⅲ)。将上述不同处理的供核细胞进行细胞周期与存活率的检测,并将该供核细胞移入去除遗传物质的山羊MⅡ期卵母细胞的卵周隙内,经电融合、化学激活后,将核移植(NT)胚胎经0.8%琼脂糖包理后移入临时寄母输卵管内,培养6天后回收并观察NT胚胎的早期发育。结果,试验组Ⅱ所用供核细胞中G_0/G_1期细胞所占比例及其存活率分别为95.68%、99.9%,均显著地高于试验组Ⅰ(88.66%、80%);试验组Ⅱ的桑椹及囊胚期NT胚胎的发育率(66.09%)显著地高于试验组Ⅰ(22.00%)与试验组Ⅲ(50.51%)。将以上发育的NT胚胎分别移入同步发情的受体后,35 天作B超妊娠诊断,试验组Ⅱ的受体妊娠率为45.83%,显著地高于试验组Ⅰ(20.00%)与试验组Ⅲ(9.58%)。流式细胞仪分析结果表明,饥饿后的供核细胞经冷冻,复苏后恢复培养2-5天,再经饥饿处理,能显著地提高G_0/G_1期细胞的比例及细胞存活率;应用该细胞所组建的NT胚不仅具有较高的桑椹与囊胚期发育率,而且具有较高的受体妊娠率。