黑曲霉A3木聚糖酶酶学性质研究

黑曲霉Ａ３（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｎｉｇｅｒ Ａ３）的固体培养物浸出液,经过多步分离纯化后,获得三个组份的木聚糖酶,称为ｘⅠ、ｘⅡ和ｘⅢ。经７％凝胶浓度的盘状电泳分析均为单一组份。经等电聚焦电泳测ｘⅠ、ｘⅡ和ｘⅢ。的等电点分别为６．８、５．５和６．１。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测得亚基分子量（Ｄａ）分别为ｘⅠ,４２０００;ｘⅡ,２００００;ｘⅢ,３１０００。三个酶组份的最适反应温度分别为ｘⅠ,４０℃;ｘⅡ     

黑曲霉A3木聚糖酶酶学性质研究

黑曲霉A3(AspergillusnigerA3)的固体培养物浸出液,经过多步分离纯化后,获得三个组份的木聚糖酶,称为xⅠ、xⅡ和xⅢ.经7%凝胶浓度的盘状电泳分析均为单一组份.经等电聚焦电泳测xⅠ、xⅡ和xⅢ的等电点分别为6.8、5.5和6.1.SDS-PAGE测得亚基分子量(Da)分别为xⅠ,42000;xⅡ,20000;xⅢ,31000.三个酶组份的最适反应温度分别为xⅠ,40℃;xⅡ,50℃;xⅢ,50℃.最适反应pHxⅠ,3.5;xⅡ,4.5;xⅢ,5.0.保温一个小时后,酶的半失活温度分别为xⅠ,55.6℃;xⅡ,54.8℃;xⅢ,46.6℃.金属离子Ag+、Hg2+、Ni2+和脲对不同的酶组份具有一定的影响.     

木聚糖酶高产黑曲霉的选育及其酶学性质研究

木聚糖酶是一种可以将木聚糖水解为木二糖和木二糖以上的低聚木糖,以及少量木糖和阿拉伯糖的组酶,在饲料、食品和造纸等行业具有广阔的应用前景。研究了紫外选育得到的一株木聚糖酶活力比较高的黑曲霉突变菌株Aspergil-lus niger N86的最佳产酶条件及其酶学性质。     

M-26碱性木聚糖酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

从Bacillus pumilus M-26发酵液中分离纯化碱性木聚糖酶,进行酶学性质研究,同时制备工业用碱性木聚糖酶制剂。首先将M-26发酵液进行硫酸铵盐析,制备工业用碱性木聚糖酶干品;然后进行sephadexG-25层析脱盐和cellulose DE-52层析得以纯化。硫酸铵的饱和度50%,酶制剂的酶活可达9 000 IU/g,收率为85%;分离纯化使酶的比活为126.32 IU/mg蛋白,纯化倍数为19.89,酶的回收率12.83%;分子量约为20 ku;M-26碱性木聚糖酶的最适温度和pH分别是55℃和pH 8.0,具有一定的耐碱性;该酶无纤维素酶活性,Fe2＋对其有激活作用;Mn2＋、Zn2＋、Fe3＋、Cu2＋对其具有抑制作用。短小芽胞杆菌M-26碱性木聚糖酶具有纸浆生物漂白应用前景。     

海枣曲霉木聚糖酶的提纯和性质

通过硫酸铵分段、异丙醇分段、Sephadex G一100凝胶过滤、及DEAE-Sephadex A-50离子交换柱层析等提纯步骤,从海枣曲霉(Aspetgillu,phornicis)的麦麸培养物抽提液中分离到4个成份的木聚糖酶,分别称之为X一1、X—II、x—III和X—IV。 经7％凝胶浓度的圆盘电泳及薄层等电聚焦分析,x一1、X．IJ和x—Ill皆为均一成分,x—Iv中则仍杂有少量X~llIo X-I的最适pH为4．0,最适温度45℃,在pH 5．0--9．0之间稳定,保温30分钟时的半失话温度t为90℃。X一和x一 的最适 分别为{．及5．,最适温度均为,稳定pH范I 11 IlI pH 50 50~(3画分别为6．0—10．0及7．0--10．0,t1分别为60及55\"C。SDS一凝肢电泳法测得x一’、x-r／和x—111的分子量分别为26,500、35。,500及22,000。薄层凝胶等电聚焦法测得三者的等电点分别为{．7、{．4和4．0。在所测定的化学试剂中,Ag’、Hg’’和Mn冲对这三个酶均有较强烈的抑制作用。sDS对x—I活力影响较小,对x_I】和x—Ill则有强烈的抑制作用。脲对X-1的抑制作用大,对X-II和X—Ill的抑制作用小。     

黑曲霉木聚糖酶的纯化与性质

由凝胶电泳酶谱检测到黑曲霉１４９发本酵液中存在两型木聚糖酶,依次为Ｘ－Ⅰ和Ｘ－Ⅱ。通过硫酸铵分级沉淀及ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ５０柱层析分别将Ｘ－Ⅰ、Ｘ－Ⅱ纯化到凝胶电泳均一。由ＳＤＳ－凝胶电泳和浓度梯度凝胶电泳测得Ｘ－Ⅰ和Ｘ－Ⅱ的分子量分别为３７ｋＤａ,２４ｋＤａ和２３ｋＤａ,Ｘ－Ⅰ具有亚基。二者的含糖量分别为２７．６％和７．３％。Ｘ－Ⅰ和Ｘ－Ⅱ最适返应温度分别为５０℃和５５℃,ｐＨ为４．     

黑曲霉A3木聚糖酶酶学性质研究*

黑曲霉A3（AspergillusnigerA3）的固体培养物浸出液,经过多步分离纯化后,获得三个组份的木聚糖酶,称为xⅠ、xⅡ和xⅢ。经7％凝胶浓度的盘状电泳分析均为单一组份。经等电聚焦电泳测xⅠ、xⅡ和xⅢ的等电点分别为6.8、5．5和6.1。SDS－PAGE测得亚基分子量（Da）分别为xⅠ,42000;xⅡ,20000;xⅢ,3000。三个酶组份的最适反应温度分别为xⅠ,40℃i;xⅡ,50℃;xⅢ,50℃。最适反应pHxⅠ,3．5;xⅢ,4．5;xⅢ,5．0。保温一个小时后,酶的半失活温度分别为xⅠ,55.6℃;xⅡ,54.8℃;xⅢ,46.6℃。金属离子Ag+、Hg2+、Ni2+和脲对不同的酶组份具有一定的影响。     

木聚糖酶Xyn Ⅱ的D37N突变、表达及酶学性质变化

对来源于宇佐美曲霉(Aspergillus usamii)E001的木聚糖酶Xyn Ⅱ进行同源建模和序列比较,发现第11族木聚糖酶的催化结构域在β折叠股A3和B3之间存在一个保守的氨基酸位点,该位点与木聚糖酶的pH特性有关,据此设计了Xyn Ⅱ的D37N定点突变.酵母表达的Xyn ⅡD37N 经纯化后与原酶Xyn Ⅱ(同样经毕赤酵母表达后纯化)进行酶学性质比较,结果表明,Xyn ⅡD37N 的最适pH由4.2升高到5.3,pH稳定范围由3.0～7.5缩减为3.0～5.5,但最适温度和热稳定性基本保持不变.结果证实,木聚糖酶Xyn Ⅱ的第37位Asp与最适pH相关,为进一步的结构与功能研究提供了理论基础.     

黑曲霉木聚糖酶的纯化与性质

由凝胶电泳酶谱检测到黑曲霉１４９发酵液中存在两型木聚糖酶,依次为Ｘ－Ⅰ和Ｘ－Ⅱ．通过硫酸铵分级沉淀及ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ５０柱层析分别将Ｘ－Ⅰ、Ｘ－Ⅱ纯化到凝胶电泳均一。由ＳＤＳ一凝胶电泳和浓度梯度凝胶电泳测得Ｘ－Ⅰ和Ｘ－Ⅱ的分子量分别为３７ｋＤａ,７６ｋＤａ,２４ｋＤａ和２３ｋＤａ,Ｘ－Ⅰ具有亚基。二者的含糖量分别为２７６％和７．３％。Ｘ－Ⅰ和Ｘ－Ⅱ最适反应温度分别为５０℃和５５℃,ｐＨ为４６和５．２。在ｐＨ４．６～９．２和ｐＨ４．０～１０．０之间Ｘ－Ⅰ、Ｘ－Ⅱ活力稳定。５０℃保温２４ｈ,Ｘ－Ⅰ活力仍为１００％,而Ｘ－Ⅱ的活力已降为２．８％。ＨｇＣｌ２和ＡｇＮＯ３显著抑制Ｘ－Ⅰ、Ｘ－Ⅱ的活力。Ｘ－Ⅰ与Ｘ－Ⅱ水解不同来源的木聚糖,其产物有所不同。     

利用分子环化技术提高瘤胃微生物木聚糖酶热稳定性

在高温下保持催化活性是工业酶的重要性质。近年来,采用基因工程、蛋白质工程技术提高野生酶进行催化活性或耐热等性质取得了重要进展。文中利用新近建立起来的异肽键介导的SpyTag/SpyCatcher系统对瘤胃微生物来源的木聚糖酶XYN11-6进行分子环化,获得稳定的环化酶C-XYN11-6。在60℃、70℃和80℃下处理10 min,C-XYN11-6的残余活性为81.53%、73.98%和64.41%,分别是相同条件下线性蛋白L-XYN11-6残余活性的1.48、2.92、3.98倍。经60–90℃热处理10 min后,C-XYN11-6仍保持可溶状态,而L-XYN11-6几乎完全聚沉。内源荧光和8-苯胺-1-萘磺酸(8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid,ANS)结合荧光光谱分析显示,较之L-XYN11-6,热处理环境中C-XYN11-6更能够维持其构象稳定。值得注意的是,分子环化提高了C-XYN11-6对0.1–50 mmol/L Ca²⁺或0.1 mmol/L Cu²⁺的耐受能力。综上所述,文中利用Spy...     

Catalytic improvement and structural analysis of atrazine chlorohydrolase by site-saturation mutagenesis

To improve the catalytic activity of atrazine chlorohydrolase (AtzA), amino acid residues involved in substrate binding (Gln71) and catalytic efficiency (Val12, Ile393, and Leu395) were targeted to generate site-saturation mutagenesis libraries. Seventeen variants were obtained through Haematococcus pluvialis-based screening, and their specific activities were 1.2–5.2-fold higher than that of the wild type. For these variants, Gln71 tended to be substituted by hydrophobic amino acids, Ile393 and Leu395 by polar ones, especially arginine, and Val12 by alanine, respectively. Q71R and Q71M significantly decreased the K_m by enlarging the substrate-entry channel and affecting N-ethyl binding. Mutations at sites 393 and 395 significantly increased the k_cat/K_m, probably by improving the stability of the dual β-sheet domain and the whole enzyme, owing to hydrogen bond formation. In addition, the contradictory relationship between the substrate affinity improvement by Gln71 mutation and the catalytic efficiency improvement by the dual β-sheet domain modification was discussed.     

通过N端替换提高木聚糖酶的热稳定性

以来源于Thermomonospora fusca的耐高温木聚糖酶TfxA和来源于Streptomycesolivaceoviridis的高比活木聚糖酶XYNB为亲本,构建出耐热高比活融合木聚糖酶TB,将TB在大肠杆菌BL21和毕赤酵母GS115中进行表达并对表达产物的酶学性质进行分析比较。分析表明,融合蛋白TB最适pH值为6.0,最适温度为70℃,较XYNB有大幅度的提高;在热稳定性方面,TB明显优于XYNB,将两种稀释好的酶液分别在80℃和90℃下热处理3min,TB的热稳定性较XYNB提高了6倍左右;TB的pH稳定性为5～9(相对剩余活性在50%以上的pH范围),较XYNB有所下降,但两者的比活性基本不变,保持了亲本XYNB的高比活性。通过同源建模和序列比较,分析了可能影响融合蛋白TB酶学性质的因素,为进一步研究木聚糖酶的结构与功能提供了新的思路。     

Probing the structural basis for the difference in thermostability displayed by family 10 xylanases

Thermostability is an important property of industrially significant hydrolytic enzymes: understanding the structural basis for this attribute will underpin the future biotechnological exploitation of these biocatalysts. The Cellvibrio family 10 (GH10) xylanases display considerable sequence identity but exhibit significant differences in thermostability; thus, these enzymes represent excellent models to examine the structural basis for the variation in stability displayed by these glycoside hydrolases. Here, we have subjected the intracellular Cellvibrio mixtus xylanase CmXyn10B to forced protein evolution. Error-prone PCR and selection identified a double mutant, A334V/G348D, which confers an increase in thermostability. The mutant has a Tm 8 degrees C higher than the wild-type enzyme and, at 55 degrees C, the first-order rate constant for thermal inactivation of A334V/G348D is 4.1 x 10(-4) min(-1), compared to a value of 1.6 x 10(-1) min(-1) for the wild-type enzyme. The introduction of the N to C-terminal disulphide bridge into A334V/G348D, which increases the thermostability of wild-type CmXyn10B, conferred a further approximately 2 degrees C increase in the Tm of the double mutant. The crystal structure of A334V/G348D showed that the introduction of Val334 fills a cavity within the hydrophobic core of the xylanase, increasing the number of van der Waals interactions with the surrounding aromatic residues, while O(delta1) of Asp348 makes an additional hydrogen bond with the amide of Gly344 and O(delta2) interacts with the arabinofuranose side-chain of the xylose moiety at the -2 subsite. To investigate the importance of xylan decorations in productive substrate binding, the activity of wild-type CmXyn10B, the mutant A334V/G348D, and several other GH10 xylanases against xylotriose and xylotriose containing an arabinofuranose side-chain (AX3) was assessed. The enzymes were more active against AX3 than xylotriose, providing evidence that the arabinose side-chain makes a generic contribution to substrate recognition by GH10 xylanases.     

木聚糖酶XYNB分子中折叠股B1和B2间的疏水作用对酶热稳定性的影响

对来源于Streptomycesolivaceoviridis的高比活木聚糖酶XYNB进行同源建模,并结合嗜热木聚糖酶氮末端芳香族氨基酸疏水作用的结构分析,设计了XYNB的T11Y定点突变,观察XYNB分子中折叠股B1和B2的疏水作用对酶的热稳定性的影响。将突变酶XYNB′在毕赤酵母中表达,表达的XYNB′经纯化后与原酶XYNB(同样经毕赤酵母表达后纯化)进行酶学性质比较,结果表明,XYNB′的耐热性比XYNB有明显的提高,但最适温度与原酶一样为60℃。另外,XYNB′的最适pH、Km值及比活性均有一定的改变。实验证实了木聚糖酶XYNB的氮端芳香族氨基酸之间的疏水相互作用与其热稳定性相关,为进一步的结构与功能研究提供了优良的基因材料。     

绿色糖单孢菌产木聚糖酶规律及其耐碱耐热性的初步研究

采用绿色糖单孢菌为实验材料,在不同诱导产酶培养基上经过192h的振荡培养,探索其产酶时程规律．结果表明,不同的诱导底物诱导产生的木聚糖酶活性差异不显著,但诱导产纤维素酶活性差异显著．其中松木粉加棉纱培养基诱导产纤维素酶活性为0．08IU／ml,与空白对照(5．40IU／ml)相比显著下降(P≤0．05)．为了适应纸浆漂白实际应用中纤维素酶越少越好的要求,选择该培养基为最佳诱导产酶培养基．绿色糖单孢菌在上述培养基中培养156h后达到木聚糖酶产酶高峰。粗酶液酶活可达到9．03IU／ml．通过对该酶进行高温及碱性处理。实验结果表明绿色糖单孢菌分泌的木聚糖酶在pH7．0下反应表现最高活性,同时在90℃下保温3h后酶活为原来的63．55％,具有较好的耐碱耐热性．     

Disaccharide Nucleosides and Oligonucleotides on Their Basis. New Tools for the Study of Enzymes of Nucleic Acid Metabolism

The main structural features of an important group of natural compounds, disaccharide nucleosides, are reviewed. The synthesis and properties of modified oligonucleotides on their basis as well as the methods of introduction of reactive aldehyde groups are described. The last part is devoted to the application of these compounds for studies of enzymes of nucleic acid metabolism.