Middle Ordovician (Llanvirn) ungulate brachiopods and conodonts from the Malyi Karatau Range,Kazakhstan

A new middle Ordovician fauna including conodonts and brachiopods is described from the early Llanvirn Zhyrykaus Formation, Malyi Karatau Range, southern Kazakhstan. The fauna includes the lingulate brachiopodsHyperobolus fragilis n. sp. andTalasotreta apollonovi n. gen. n. sp., as well as the conodontsCordylodus? cf.horridus, Drepanoistodus? sp.,Erraticodon sp.,Parapaltodus simplicissimus, Prioniodus (Baltoniodus) sp.,Protopanderodus cf.varicostatus, andWalliserodus sp. s. f. It represents the first record of Llanvirn conodonts and Ungulate brachiopods from southern Kazakhstan.     

Synthesis,crystal structure and biological evaluation of spectroscopic characterization of Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes with N‐salicyloil‐N′‐maleoil‐hydrazine as anticholinergic and antidiabetic agents

[Ni(C₁₁H₉N₂O₅)₂(H₂O)₂]?3(C₃H₇NO) ( 1 ) and [Co(C₁₁H₉N₂O₅)₂(H₂O)₂]?3(C₃H₇NO) ( 2 ) are synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR spectra, magnetic susceptibility, and thermal analysis. In addition, the crystal structure of Ni(II) complex is presented. Both complexes show distorted octahedral geometry. In 1 and 2, metal ions are coordinated by two oxygen atoms of salicylic residue and two nitrogen atoms of maleic amide residue from two ligands, and two oxygen atoms from two water molecules. In this paper, both compounds showed excellent inhibitory effects against human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms I, and II, α‐glycosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Compounds 1 and 2 had Ki values of 18.36 ± 4.38 and 26.61 ± 7.54 nM against hCA I and 13.81 ± 3.02 and 29.56 ± 6.52 nM against hCA II, respectively. On the other hand, their Ki values were found to be 487.45 ± 54.18 and 453.81 ± 118.61 nM against AChE and 199.21 ± 50.35 and 409.41 ± 6.86 nM against BChE, respectively.     

The influence of malignancy processes in pancreatic tissue on the formation of optical and infrared spectra in bile and pancreatic juice samples

The results of optical spectral studies in the wavelength range of 250–1500 nm and frequencies of 6000–400 cm^–1 of samples of bile and pancreatic juice with the development of malignancy in the tissues of the pancreas are presented. It was shown that the development of degenerative processes in the studied biological fluids led to an increase in the intensity of the spectral profile of absorption at low frequencies (1600–400 cm^–1) and the appearance of a peak near the frequency of 840 ± 5 cm^–1 formed by the vibrations of the O–O groups of aliphatic and aromatic peroxides or peroxide acids. It was demonstrated that the development of malignant processes led to an increase and to a decrease of the density and size of particles in the samples of bile and pancreatic juice, respectively, as inferred from the corresponding increase and decrease of the coefficients of absorption and scattering of light.