一级生产水平下冬小麦、夏玉米的生产模拟

通过模拟计算得到一级生产水平下冬小麦和夏玉米的累积干物质动态曲线.两年的计算结果和实测值都比较吻合.研究表明,在黄淮海平原,可以把亩产吨粮作为冬小麦夏玉米一年两茬平作粮田达到一级生产水平的指标.若用中熟夏玉米套作代替早熟夏玉米平作,籽粒的年产量可增加一成.通过对不同叶面积指数下干物质产量的模拟计算,得到一年两茬平作的干物质产量最大可达46t·hm^-2,籽粒产量19.1t·hm^-2.     

多组分植被方向反射系数的解析计算模型

基于植被介质中的辐射传输理论和几何光学原理,提出了一个计算非随机、多组分植被多波段、多角度反射光谱的综合解析模型.此模型以作者以前建立的叶冠层模型和多组分模型为基础,通过对任意空间取向植被组分对冠层“热点”效应贡献的定量计算及在多次散射系数的估算中考虑冠层所有组分的作用,全面、深入地概括了植被冠层的多种组分以及它们的几何结构和光学性质的空间变化对植被多角度反射光谱的影响。模拟与实测结果的比较得出:模型基本上能抓住多组分植被反射光谱的角度分布特征,模拟出叶冠层模型所不能得到的自然植被方向反射系数和冠层“热点”效应的非对称性分布.模型的模拟结果表明,冠层“热点”效应在冠层组分的平均倾角约20°时达最大,然后随平均倾角的增大,“热点”效应明显减弱.     

An analytical model for bidirectional reflectance factor of multicomponent vegetation canopies

Based on radiative transfer theory in vegetation and geometric-optical principles, an analytical physi-cal mode] for calculating multiangular, multispectral reflectance over a non-random, multiple component vegetation canopy is developed. This model is derived by taking advantages of the previous leaf canopy and multicomponent canopy BRF models. It quantitatively accounts for both the impact of foliage elements' orientation on the canopy hotspot through an innovative algorithm to estimate the hotspot function for any arbitrarily oriented foliage element and contributions of all foliage elements to the reflectance by multiple scattering. Thus, it is characterized by more com-pletely considering the integrative influence of spatial variations in optical and structural properties of all foliage ele-ments on canopy reflectance than any previous analytical BRF models. Simulation results from this model demonstrate that canopy hotspot becomes strongest when the mean inclination angle of foliage elements is ar