家禽(鹅、鸭、鸡)血清酯酶多态性比较血型学初步研究

鸡的酯酶在两个区域出现了变异, 靠近阳极的Es-1区共有3条带,表现出7种表型组合(AA、 BB、CC、AB、AC、BC和无带O型),分别受控于常染色体上相同基因座位上3个复等位基因(Es-1^A|、Es-1^B|、Es-1^C|)和1个隐性基因(Es-1^O|)。在原点和Es-1之间的Es-2区表现出有带(+)和无带(-)两种类型。鹅的血清酯酶与鸡截然不同。在鸡的Es-2区域,鹅的带谱信号弱(无)。在与鸡Es-1区域相应位置,鹅存在着8-9条谱带,其中的1号、2 -7号存在着个体水平的多态现象。鸭血清酯酶的聚丙烯酰胺谱带与鹅非常相似。鹅、鸭血清酯酶的遗传机制有待交配实验确定。     

选择作用下家鸡淀粉酶的遗传多态性研究--基因频率分化、相关效应估计和标记辅助选择试验

对“三黄”鸡4个品系的血液淀粉酶（Amy-l）基因频率进行了估计,结果表明：Amy-l基因频率具有明显的品系特异性,父系Amy－lA高;母系Amy-lB频率高．人工选择可能是导致两个具有相同遗传来源的品系（Ⅱ系和Ⅲ系）Amy-l基因频率发生分化的原因．利用线性模型估计了Amy－l基因的加性效应,结果表明：Amy-lB有利于产蛋性能,而Amy－l4有利于体重和蛋重的提高。标记辅助选择试验结果表明,选择Amy-l传型来改变家禽品系类型是可能的,但效果有限,因此,对Amy-l的选择应结合于综合的选择方案之中．     

选择作用下家鸡淀粉酶的遗传多态性研究 ――基因频率分化、相关效应估计和标记辅助选择试验

对“三黄”鸡4个品系的血液淀粉酶(Amy-1)基因频率进行了估计, 结果表明: Amy-1基因频率具有明显的品系特异性, 父系Amy-1A高; 母系Amy-1B频率高。人工选择可能是导致两个具有相同遗传来源的品系（Ⅱ系和Ⅲ系）Amy-1基因频率发生分化的原因。利用线性模型估计了Amy-1基因的加性效应,结果表明：Amy-1B有利于产蛋性能, 而Amy-1A有利于体重和蛋重的提高。标记辅助选择试验结果表明, 选择Amy-1遗传型来改变家禽品系类型是可能的, 但效果有限, 因此, 对Amy-1的选择应结合于综合的选择方案之中。 Abstract　Gene frequencies at Amy-1 locus were estimated in 4 grand-parent lines of yellow broilers. The results indicated that the male lines exhibited higher frequency of Amy-1A while the female lines were featured by higher frequency of Amy-1B. Differentiation in gene frequencies at Amy-1 locus in line Ⅱ and Ⅲ, which were of identical origin, might be attributable to varied history of selection. Estimation of genotypic and gene effects suggested that Amy-1B was associated with higher laying performance, while Amy-1A was favorable for increased body and egg weights. It was also revealed that changing types of poultry lines by means of altering genotypes at locus Amy-1 was feasible, but its effect was limited. Accordingly, it is preferable to incoporate biochemical marker-assisted selection into complex programs of selection.