腺苷A_1R在高压氧致中枢神经系统氧中毒发生中的作用研究

目的:探讨腺苷A1受体(A1R)在高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen,HBO)致中枢神经系统氧中毒(central nervous system oxygen toxicity,CNS-OT)发生中的作用。方法:(1)大鼠侧脑室注射A1R选择性激动剂CCPA后观察氧惊厥潜伏期。采用随机数字法将大鼠分为对照组和5μg、10μg以及20μg CCPA给药组。采用侧脑室注射方法分别给予生理盐水和不同剂量CCPA后,进行0.6MPa HBO暴露,记录大鼠的CNS-OT潜伏期。(2)大鼠侧脑室注射A1R选择性抑制剂DPCPX后观察氧惊厥潜伏期。采用随机数字法将大鼠分为对照组和15μg、30μg以及60μg DPCPX给药组。采用脑室注射方法分别给予DMSO和不同剂量DPCPX后,进行0.6 MPa HBO暴露,记录大鼠的CNS-OT潜伏期。结果:脑室注射5μg CCPA组(32.15分±0.8392分)、10μg CCPA组(60.50分±3.150分)和20μg CCPA组(70.91分±2.975分)惊厥潜伏期显著延长,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。脑室注射30μg DPCPX组(14.09分±1.363分)和60μg DPCPX组(8.564分±0.645分)惊厥潜伏期显著缩短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中枢局部给予腺苷A1R选择性激动剂CCPA可以有效延长CNS-OT的潜伏期;中枢局部给予腺苷A1R选择性抑制剂DPCPX可以有效缩短CNS-OT的潜伏期。     

Effects of anesthesia-induced modest hypothermia on cellular radiation sensitivity

To assess the mechanisms of modest hypothermia (MH) and its effects on cellular radiation response, a model of anesthesia-induced modest hypothermia (AIMH) in the adult mice and a model of pure MH in the newborn mice were established. The survival rate of lethally irradiated mice was increased to 72% through AIMH before irradiation. Both apoptosis and necrosis of human fetal bone marrow CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells cultured under MH were significantly decreased as detected by MTT and flow cytometry, with three-color labeled by PE-CD34+/ FITC-AnnexinV /7AAD. The survival and proliferation of mouse bone marrow MNC treated with MH after irradiation were also increased. The MH exerted similar protective effects on the leukemia cell lines A20, HL60, K562 to the normal bone marrow cells, but it enhanced the radiation sensitivity of leukemia cell line FBL3 and mouse melanoma B16F10. No effects have been found on the radiation sensitivity of those cells treated with MH before irradiation. The results also show     

腺苷和一氧化氮在中枢神经系统相互作用及与癫痫相关性

腺苷和一氧化氮(Nitric oxide,NO)都是十分活跃的具有多种生物活性的内源性物质。近年来,关于腺苷和NO在周围组织和中枢神经系统中的相互作用被广泛关注。腺苷在中枢神经系统中广泛存在,可作为整合中枢兴奋和抑制性神经递质的调节因子;NO在中枢神经系统中具有广泛的生物学意义,既兼有第二信使和神经递质的性能,又是效应分子,参与多种生理功能,代谢衍生物有一定的中枢神经毒性。在中枢神经系统中,腺苷和NO之间可能有一定联系,本文综述了二者在中枢神经系统中的相互作用及其与癫痫的相关性,以期为中枢神经系统相关疾病的发病机制研究及防治方法提供新的思路。     

GLT-1在高压氧致中枢神经系统氧中毒发生中的作用研究

目的:探讨谷氨酸及其转运体在高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen,HBO)致中枢神经系统氧中毒(central nervous system oxygen toxicity,CNS-OT)发生中的作用。方法:(1)大鼠侧脑室注射谷氨酸转运体(Glutamate Transporter-1,GLT-1)选择性激动剂Ceftriaxone后观察氧惊厥潜伏期。采用随机数字法将大鼠分为对照组和50μg、100μg以及200μg Ceftriaxone给药组。采用侧脑室注射方法分别给予生理盐水和不同剂量Ceftriaxone后,进行0.6 MPa HBO暴露,记录大鼠的惊厥潜伏期。(2)大鼠侧脑室注射GLT-1选择性抑制剂DHK后观察氧惊厥潜伏期。采用随机数字法将大鼠分为对照组和5μg、10μg以及20μg DHK给药组。采用脑室注射方法分别给予生理盐水和不同剂量DHK后,进行0.6 MPa HBO暴露,记录大鼠的惊厥潜伏期。结果:脑室注射100μg Ceftriaxone组(33分4.2秒4分12.4秒)和200μg Ceftriaxone组(47分4.2秒5分5.2秒)惊厥潜伏期显著延长,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05),并存在一定量效关系。脑室注射5μg DHK组(16分44.4秒±2分4.7秒)、10μg DHK组(12分51秒±1分23.3秒)和20μg DHK组(7分31.1秒±53秒)惊厥潜伏期显著缩短,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05),并存在一定量效关系。结论:中枢局部给予GLT-1激动剂可以有效延长CNS-OT的潜伏期;中枢局部给予GLT-1抑制剂可以有效缩短CNS-OT的潜伏期。     

腺苷在癫痫发病机制中的作用以及腺苷相关癫痫治疗的研究进展

癫痫是慢性反复发作性的脑功能失调综合征,近年来,关于星形胶质细胞及腺苷和癫痫关系的研究逐渐成为热点。腺苷在中枢神经系统中广泛存在,其可以作为整合中枢兴奋性以及抑制性神经递质的调节因子,其诸多生理作用都是通过受体介导实现的。研究腺苷通过星形胶质细胞及腺苷激酶、谷氨酸、表观遗传基因修饰、伽马氨基丁酸受体等通路在抑制癫痫发病机制中的作用,将为治疗癫痫提供全新的治疗思路和措施。本文将针对腺苷抑制癫痫发生的机制以及目前与腺苷有关的癫痫治疗方法进行综述。如果在今后的研究工作中能够进一步明确腺苷在抑制癫痫中的作用机制,就有可能寻找新的干预靶点,对发展新的预防措施,指导预防药物研发,都具有重要意义。     

麻醉诱导中度低温对辐射敏感性的影响

为探讨中度低温对辐射敏感性的影响及其机制,分别建立了正常成年小鼠和新生小鼠30℃中度低温模型,表明照射前麻醉诱导中度低温能提高小鼠存活率达72%(P＜0.001);流式细胞术三色荧光法和MTT法检测结果表明,正常骨髓单个核细胞和CD₃₄⁺造血干(祖)细胞在受照射后经中度低温处理后,凋亡和死亡细胞数量减少;对受照射后的白血病细胞系A20,HL60,K562和实体瘤3LL,LOVO中度低温也有相似的保护作用,但是对小鼠白血病FBL3细胞系、小鼠实体瘤B16,F10和CT26却提高其辐射敏感性.结果提示,中度低温对不同组织细胞的辐射敏感性的作用是不同的;低温和麻醉有协同作用;中度低温对正常骨髓CD₃₄⁺造血干(祖)细胞能减少辐射所致的细胞凋亡和死亡,但是对某些白血病细胞和实体瘤细胞却增加了辐射敏感性,这就有可能通过麻醉诱导中度低温以增强放疗效果并减轻毒副作用,有临床运用潜力,同时也提示除低温所致低氧效应外,存在低温诱导性因子的可能性.     

大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞的分离与原代培养

为了建立大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞体外培养模型,探索纯度较高的大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞分离和原代培养的方法并进行形态学观察。采用2～3周龄的SD大鼠,解剖得到大脑皮质,两次酶消化及牛血清白蛋白或葡聚糖和Percoll梯度离心获得较纯的脑微血管段后,接种于涂布基质的培养皿进行原代培养;培养的细胞采用相差显微镜形态学观察、透射电镜观察及Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫组化检测鉴定。结果发现,培养12h即可见细胞从贴壁的脑微血管段周围长出,细胞呈短梭形,区域性单层生长,5～7天内皮细胞融合,内皮细胞纯度达90％以上;内皮细胞的贴壁和生长有赖于所涂布的基质,纤连蛋白／Ⅳ型胶原优于鼠尾胶和明胶;Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫组化检测内皮细胞表达阳性,透射电镜观察可见相邻内皮细胞间存在紧密连接结构。提示该方法能成功进行纯度较高的大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞原代培养,可用于脑微血管内皮的生理、生化及药理学研究,亦可用于构建大鼠血脑屏障模型。     

Effects of anesthesia-induced modest hypothermia on cellular radiation sensitivity

To assess the mechanisms of modest hypothermia (MH) and its effects on cellular radiation response, a model of anesthesia-induced modest hypothermia (AIMH) in the adult mice and a model of pure MH in the newborn mice were established. The survival rate of lethally irradiated mice was increased to 72% through AIMH before irradiation. Both apoptosis and necrosis of human fetal bone marrow CD34⁺ hematopoietic stem cells cultured under MH were significantly decreased as detected by MTT and flow cytometry, with three-color labeled by PE-CD₃₄ ⁺/ FITC-AnnexinV /7AAD. The survival and proliferation of mouse bone marrow MNC treated with MH after irradiation were also increased. The MH exerted similar protective effects on the leukemia cell lines A20, HL60, K562 to the normal bone marrow cells, but it enhanced the radiation sensitivity of leukemia cell line FBL3 and mouse melanoma B16F10. No effects have been found on the radiation sensitivity of those cells treated with MH before irradiation. The results also showed that MH mediated the effects on radiation sensitivity, in addition to increasing the oxygen tension. These results show different effects of MH on different cells: (i) AIMH exerts a protective effect on the normal hematopoietic stem cells, some leukemia cell lines A20, HL60, K562, and some neoplasma 3LL, LOVO. And MH exhibits a synthetic effect with anesthetic. (ii) MH enhances the radiation sensitivity of another leukemia and neoplasma cell lines FBL3, B16F10 and CT26. Therefore, AIMH has a potential to enhance the effects of radiation-therapy and decrease side effects on some tumors.