野化培训大熊猫的生境利用和空间格局

了解动物栖息地和空间利用模式是开展野生动物放归自然的重要前提。为明确野化培训大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）在野外环境中生境利用特征和空间格局,本文以2只野化培训大熊猫为研究对象,基于其野外GPS项圈数据,通过数字高程模型（DEM）、动物移动模块等工具分析其在野外环境中栖息地利用状况。结果表明：随着在野外环境时间的增加,2只大熊猫由低海拔西南坡的阔叶林逐渐向高海拔南坡针阔混交林区域移动,且坡度利用也存在明显的差异,但均偏向在17°~20°的平缓区域活动。在野外环境的最初一个月,2只大熊猫平均日移动距离较大,之后逐渐减小并趋于稳定。2只野化培训大熊猫在野外环境初期,活动区域大小随时间的变化而呈现出无规律的变化趋势,活动区域主要集中在3~4个栖息地斑块,且斑块间面积和距离各异。因此,认为野化培训大熊猫在野外栖息地环境初期属于不稳定的随机选择模式。     

大熊猫GPS项圈行为数据的分类阈值

在大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)研究中,利用GPS项圈研究活动节律已经得到广泛应用。但是,由于对GPS项圈行为数据的分类阈值一直缺乏研究,导致了大熊猫个体活动节律分析结果出现一定的偏差。本文以半野化过渡训练区内2只佩戴GPS项圈(Lotek_7000 MU)的大熊猫("倩倩"与"和盛")为研究对象,通过监控视频观测获得休息与活动行为时间段,对比同期利用GPS项圈行为数据计算得到的运动指数,采用正判率最大化策略,确定大熊猫休息和活动两类行为运动指数的行为分类阈值。结果表明,大熊猫休息状态和活动状态运动指数的行为分类阈值为32,而之前研究中采用0作为阈值。以32为阈值对行为分类,其中,休息行为正判率为98.23%,运动行为正判率94.48%;而以0为阈值,休息行为正判率为100%,运动行为正判率77.34%。利用阈值32和0对两只大熊猫19 d的休息行为和活动行为进行分类识别。以0为阈值时,大熊猫日平均活动率("倩倩"为59%;"和盛"为70%),高于以32为阈值得到的日平均活动率("倩倩"为54%;"和盛"为50%),这表明以0为行为分类阈值时,会高估大熊猫活动率。     

圈养大熊猫催产素水平与母性行为之间关系

Maintaining a good cub-rearing relationship is of great significance for the healthy development of newborn giant panda cubs. Oxytocin plays a key role in this cub-rearing relationship development during the breeding period. To investigate the relationship between oxytocin levels and maternal behavior, we sampled the maternal behavior of 6 adult female giant pandas (3 in lactation group, 3 in non-lactation group) at Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding from June to September 2019 by using the focal sampling method, and tested the urine oxytocin level of each individuals by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that the oxytocin levels were significantly higher in the lactation group (278. 86 pg/mg ±44. 42 pg/mg) than in the non-lactation group. For the two types of breastfeeding groups, the level of oxytocin in the multiparous female pandas (185. 64 pg/mg ±44. 61 pg/mg) was significantly lower than that in the primiparous female pandas (465. 30 pg/mg ±82. 39 pg/mg). Compared with the primiparous female pandas, the multiparous female pandas had more embracing cub behavior (77. 45% ±1. 24%) and feeding behavior (15. 22% ±1. 62%), but less licking cub (14. 26% ±0. 91%) and position adjustment behavior (1. 69% ±0. 29%). Finally, we found the licking cub behavior was significantly positively correlated with the oxytocin level in the lactation group, and the embracing cub behavior was significantly negatively correlated with the oxytocin level in the lactation group. The results indicate that primiparous female pandas show more maternal behavior, less individual behavior and higher oxytocin levels. The results of this study suggest that the different reactions of oxytocin in the two types of giant panda females may help to improve the refined and differentiated breeding techniques for captive giant pandas in the future.     

迁入都江堰野放中心的大熊猫野化放归个体皮质醇水平变化初步研究

动物生存环境的变化引起内分泌变化,而其程度则是动物适应环境的一种能力体现。以迁入成都大熊猫繁育研究基地都江堰野放繁育研究中心6只亚成年大熊猫个体为研究对象,利用酶联免疫吸附法检测其粪便中皮质醇激素,验证饲养环境改变是否引起其激素水平变化。研究发现:一方面,研究个体在迁入后的皮质醇水平较迁入前均呈明显下降趋势;另一方面,不同年龄和性别间,年龄越小则变化越明显,说明环境变化可能是引起其皮质醇变化的原因之一,即年龄越小这种环境引起的应激性越明显。因此,本研究亦可以为今后圈养大熊猫野化放归过程面临的环境适应性提供第一手的资料,进而为合理规划下一阶段大熊猫野化放归提供技术支持。