干旱与氧化胁迫对小麦根氧化还原状态和叶片ABA积累的影响

通过分析一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)和干旱胁迫对小麦根氧化还原状态和叶片脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)积累的影响,探讨了干旱胁迫下NO和H2O2调节ABA合成的可能机制。结果表明:干旱胁迫处理初期小麦根还原型谷胱甘肽含量降低、抗氧化酶活性发生振荡变化,细胞氧化还原状态向氧化型转变。NO和H2O2能模拟干旱胁迫的作用使细胞状态向氧化型转变,还可以使小麦叶片ABA积累量上升。干旱胁迫下NO和H2O2对ABA合成的调节作用可能是通过调节细胞氧化还原状态进行。     

冠心病患者营养自评系统效果评价

目的：探索基于患者问卷自评方式的快捷、准确的适用冠心病患者的营养风险筛查和营养不良评估的信息化工具。方法：选择心内科患者150名,分别采用临床营养师面对面评估和患者自评软件系统进行营养评估和营养风险筛查,通过比较两种方法,以检验该自评系统筛查营养风险和诊断营养不良的效力,评价该软件在冠心病患者人群中的适用性。结果：两种调查方式在膳食营养评估方面对主食摄入、粗粮摄入、蔬菜摄入、叶菜摄入、肉类摄入、鱼虾摄入、鸡蛋摄入、坚果摄入、大豆摄入和烹调油摄入结果均无统计学显著性差异。自评软件结果显示,患有营养风险患者比例较营养师评价的比例偏高,但结果不具有统计学差异。结论：冠心病患者营养自评系统可以较好地反应患者的膳食摄入和营养风险情况。     

The Arabidopsis Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome Subunit 1 is Critical for Both Female Gametogenesis and Embryogenesis

Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a multisubunit E3 ligase, plays a critical role in cell cycle control, but the functional characterization of each subunit has not yet been completed. To investigate the function of APC1 in Arabidopsis, we analyzed four mutant alleles of APC1, and found that mutation in APC1 resulted in significantly reduced plant fertility, accumulation of cyclin B, and disrupted auxin distribution in embryos. The three mutant alleles apc1-1, apc1-2 and apc1-3 shared variable defects in female gametogenesis including degradation, abnormal nuclear number, and disrupted polarity of nuclei in the embryo sac as well as in embryogenesis, in which embryos were arrested at multiple stages. All of these defects are similar to those previously identified in apc4. The mutant apc1-4, in which the T-DNA was inserted after the transmembrane domain at the C-terminus, showed much more severe phenotypes; that is, most of the ovules were arrested at the one-nucleate female gametophyte stage (stage FG1). In the apc1 apc4 double mutants, the fertility was further reduced by one-third in apc1-1/+ apc4-1/+, and in some cases no ovules even survived in siliques of apc1-4/+ apc4-1/+. Our data thus suggest that APC1, an essential component of APC/C, plays a synergistic role with APC4 both in female gametogenesis and in embryogenesis.     

MEM培养基对带状疱疹减毒活疫苗卡那霉素残留量的影响

目的:分析比较MEM培养基对带状疱疹减毒活疫苗卡那霉素残留量的影响。方法:分别使用海克隆、日水2种MEM培养基培养2BS细胞,经传代、感染、洗涤、收获、合并、冻干等工序制备带状疱疹减毒活疫苗,分析比较MEM培养基对带状疱疹减毒疫苗卡那霉素残留量的影响。结果:日水MEM培养基制备的带状疱疹减毒活疫苗卡那霉素残留量一般是海克隆MEM培养基制备疫苗的5-10倍。结论:美国海克隆实验公司的MEM培养基卡那霉素残留量明显小于日水MEM培养基。     

Databases and Web Tools for Cancer Genomics Study

Publicly-accessible resources have promoted the advance of scientific discovery. The era of genomics and big data has brought the need for collaboration and data sharing in order to make effective use of this new knowledge. Here, we describe the web resources for cancer genomics research and rate them on the basis of the diversity of cancer types, sample size, omics data comprehensiveness, and user experience. The resources reviewed include data repository and analysis tools; and we hope such introduction will promote the awareness and facilitate the usage of these resources in the cancer research community.     

RNA干扰在疾病治疗上的应用

RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是一种双链RNA分子在mRNA水平上引发的特异性基因沉默现象。RNAi在基因治疗方面表现出了光明的前景,已成功地应用于多种疾病的临床治疗。本文主要介绍了RNAi在疾病治疗上的应用及研究进展。     

产生物活性物质植物内生菌的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外对植物内生菌产生物活性物质方面的研究进展,并对其实际意义和应用前景进行了探讨。     

柱前衍生-RP-HPLC法测定青蒿中青蒿素的含量

采用柱前衍生-RP-HPLC法测定10个不同产地的青蒿药材中青蒿素的含量.采用Lichrospher 100 RP-18e(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm,Merck KgaA,Germany)色谱柱,甲醇-0.01 mol/L醋酸钠-醋酸缓冲液(pH 5.8)(体积比62:38)为流动相;检测波长:260 nm;流速:0.5 mL/min;柱温:25℃.结果表明该法准确重现性好,可以为青蒿质量标准的制订提供科学依据.     

群体遗传结构中的基因流

群体遗传结构上的差异是遗传多样性的一种重要体现,对群体遗传结构的研究已有较久的历史,而其中的基因流研究近些年来越来越受到重视。它对群体遗传学、进化生物学、保护生物学、生态学有着极其重要的作用。虽然传统的群体遗传学能估测基因流大小,但它的精确性还有很大局限性。随着生物技术的进步,对基因流的研究逐渐向分子水平过渡,应用蛋白质电泳技术、分子标记技术(RAPD、RFLP、VNTR、ISSR、DNA测序等)方法对群体间基因流的流动水平进行了深入细致的研究。通过综述群体遗传结构的几种模式:陆岛模式、海岛模式、阶石模式、距离隔离模式、层次模式,以及在群体遗传结构的几种模式基础上的基因流的研究方法、作用、地位和近些年来研究者的研究成果,并指出了这些方法的局限性。     

水杨酸诱导山葡萄Class Ⅲ几丁质酶基因VCH3启动子在转基因烟草维管组织中的表达(英文)

从山葡萄(Vitis amurensis Rubr.)叶片中分离到长度为1216 bp的山葡萄Class Ⅲ几丁质酶基因VCH3的5’端非编码区(GenBank number AF441123),并发现有两个反向水杨酸(SA)顺式作用元件(TGACG)分别位于转录起始位点上游-1 181 bp和-293 bp处。为了鉴定VCH3启动子的功能,我们将该启动子的4个缺失片段(-1187 bp～ 7bp,-892 bp～ 7 bp,-589 bp～ 7 bp及-276 bp～ 7 bp)分别连接到β-葡糖苷酸酶基因(GUS)编码区的上游,构建成4个融合基因,并利用农杆菌介导叶盘转化法将这4个融合基因转入烟草(Nicotiana tobacum L.)栽培品种NC89中。SA处理的转基因烟草根系GUS酶活性的荧光检测结果表明:只含有TATA盒和CAAT盒而缺失了所有SA顺式作用元件的VCH3(-276)GUS表达盒对SA处理表现出较低程度的诱导性;只包含一个SA顺式作用元件的VCH3(-589)GUS或VCH3(-892)GUS表达盒表现出相似的较高水平的GUS酶活性;而包含两个SA顺式作用元件的全长启动子片段(-1187bp～ 7bp)驱动了最强的GUS酶活性,这说明VCH3启动子诱导的GUS酶活性的最大量表达需要两个SA顺式作用元件的协同作用。GUS酶的组织化学分析结果表明,在SA处理的转基因烟草根横切面中,VCH3启动子4个缺失片段驱动的GUS酶活性在维管组织中的表达活性均强于在外皮层和内皮层的表达