Protective Effects of 28-O-Caffeoyl Betulin (B-CA) on the Cerebral Cortex of Ischemic Rats Revealed by a NMR-Based Metabolomics Analysis

28-O-caffeoyl betulin (B-CA) has been demonstrated to reduce the cerebral infarct volume caused by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) injury. B-CA is a novel derivative of naturally occurring caffeoyl triterpene with little information associated with its pharmacological target(s). To date no data is available regarding the effect of B-CA on brain metabolism. In the present study, a ¹H-NMR-based metabolomics approach was applied to investigate the therapeutic effects of B-CA on brain metabolism following MCAO in rats. Global metabolic profiles of the cortex in acute period (9 h after focal ischemia onset) after MCAO were compared between the groups (sham; MCAO?+?vehicle; MCAO?+?B-CA). MCAO induced several changes in the ipsilateral cortex of ischemic rats, which consequently led to the neuronal damage featured with the downregulation of NAA, including energy metabolism dysfunctions, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter metabolism. Treatment with B-CA showed statistically significant rescue effects on the ischemic cortex of MCAO rats. Specifically, treatment with B-CA ameliorated the energy metabolism dysfunctions (back-regulating the levels of succinate, lactate, BCAAs, and carnitine), oxidative stress (upregulating the level of glutathione), and neurotransmitter metabolism disturbances (back-regulating the levels of γ-aminobutyric acid and acetylcholine) associated with the progression of ischemic stroke. With the administration of B-CA, the levels of three phospholipid related metabolites (O-phosphocholine, O-phosphoethanolamine, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and NAA improved significantly. Overall, our findings suggest that treatment with B-CA may provide neuroprotection by augmenting the metabolic changes observed in the cortex following MCAO in rats.

     

黄壤稻田土壤微生物生物量碳磷对长期不同施肥的响应

本研究以进行了22年的黄壤稻田长期定位试验为依托,分析了不同施肥模式下土壤碳(C)、磷(P)与微生物生物量C(MBC)、P(MBP)的变化及其耦合特征,旨在探讨黄壤地区合理培肥模式以提高土壤磷素有效性.试验包括10个处理,分别为不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、磷钾配合(PK)、氮钾配合(NK)、氮磷配合(NP)、氮磷钾配合(NPK)、单施有机肥(M)、3种有机无机肥配施(1/4M+3/4NP、0.5MNP、MNPK).结果表明:与不施肥相比,N和NK处理土壤有机碳(TOC)、全磷(TP)、MBC、MBP均有不同程度的降低,施磷处理(PK、NP、NPK)则有不同程度的提升;与不施肥和施用无机肥相比,施用有机肥各处理TOC、MBC、MBP及MBP/TP均显著增加,其中M和MNPK处理增幅最大.MBC/MBP、TOC/MBP、MBC/TP以施用有机肥处理最低,N处理最高.土壤MBC、MBP及其耦合关系与土壤TOC和有效磷均呈极显著相关,TOC是影响MBC、MBP、MBP/TP的直接因素,而有效磷则是影响MBC/MBP、TOC/MBP、MBC/TP的直接因素.土壤MBP及碳、磷耦合关系各指标可以有效区分单施化肥和施用有机肥的不同施肥方式,可作为评价黄壤稻田磷素肥力的生物学指标.配施有机肥是增加黄壤稻田磷有效性、提高土壤供磷潜力和保持土壤生物健康的有效途径.     

Correction to: Protective Effects of 28-O-Cafeoyl Betulin (B-CA) on the Cerebral Cortex of Ischemic Rats Revealed by a NMR-Based Metabolomics Analysis

Neurochemical Research - In the original version of this article, unfortunately the Fig. 3C and 3F were published with incorrect version. The correct version of the Fig. 3C and 3F...     

Production and cytogenetic characterization of intertribal somatic hybrids between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Isatis indigotica</Emphasis> and backcross progenies

Intertribal somatic hybrids between Brassica napus (2n = 38, AACC) and a dye and medicinal plant Isatis indigotica (2n = 14, II) were obtained by fusions of mesophyll protoplasts. From a total of 237 calli, only one symmetric hybrid (S2) and five asymmetric hybrids (As1, As4, As6, As7 and As12) were established in the field. These hybrids showed some morphological variations and had very low pollen fertility. Hybrids S2 and As1 possessed 2n = 52 (AACCII), the sum of the parental chromosomes, and As12 had 2n = 66 (possibly AACCIIII). Hybrids As4, As6 and As7 were mixoploids (2n = 48–62). Genomic in situ hybridization analysis revealed that pollen mother cells at diakinesis of As1 contained 26 bivalents comprising 19 from B. napus and 7 from I. indigotica and mainly showed the segregation 26:26 at anaphase I (AI) with 7 I. indigotica chromosomes in each polar group. Four BC₁ plants from As1 after pollinated by B. napus resembled mainly B. napus in morphology but also exhibited some characteristics from I. indigotica. These plants produced some seeds on selfing or pollination by B. napus. They had 2n = 45 (AACCI) and underwent pairing among the I. indigotica chromosomes and/or between the chromosomes of two parents at diakinesis. All hybrids mainly had the AFLP banding patterns from the addition of two parents plus some alterations. B. napus contributed chloroplast genomes in majority of the hybrids but some also had from I. indigotica. Production of B. napus–I. indigotica additions would be of considerable importance for genome analysis and breeding.     

高频电刺激伏隔核对可卡因成瘾大鼠自身给药行为学的影响

目的:研究可卡因诱导的大鼠自身给药行为,为临床治疗药物成瘾提供新的思路.方法:24只雄性大鼠随机分为对照组,假手术组和DBS高频电刺激组,每组8只.3组大鼠全部行右侧颈静脉长期置管术,假手术组和刺激组同时进行双侧伏隔核电极植入术,术后第7天起进行每天2小时的自身给药训练,训练程序为固定比率的FRI程序(即大鼠触碰鼻触一次可获得药物注射一次).每次注射后20s内为不应期,当大鼠连续3天触鼻频率最高值与最低值的差值小于均数标准差的1/4后,FRI模式下的大鼠自身给药训练成功.模型建立成功以后对DBS刺激组进行高频电刺激.结果:刺激组大鼠在高频电刺激15天触鼻频率与自身给药动练第15天触鼻频率相比明显减少(P＜0.01),而对照组和假手术组无明显统计学差异(P＞0.05);剌激组大鼠触鼻频率与假刺激组和对照组相比明显减少(P＜0.01).结论:脑深部高频电刺激可抑制可卡因成瘾大鼠对可卡因的依赖.     

黑果枸杞对X射线辐射小鼠的保护作用研究

探讨黑果枸杞水提取液对辐射损伤小鼠的保护作用。除正常对照组外各组小鼠接受5Gy的X射线一次性全身均匀照射。检查各组小鼠外周血中红细胞数(RBC)、白细胞数(WBC)、血小板数(PLT)、血红蛋白数(HGB),计算胸腺和脾脏指数,测定抗氧化酶活力、DNA和Caspase-3、Caspase-6的含量。黑果枸杞水提取液对辐射后小鼠的血象有明显回升,SOD活力明显增强,DNA含量增多,CAT、GSH-PX、T-AOC活力下降,Caspase-3和Caspase-6的含量降低,脏器指数无统计学意义。研究结果显示,黑果枸杞水提取液对X射线所致小鼠辐射损伤有一定保护作用。     

可卡因固定比率自身给药大鼠模型的建立

目的：建立稳定的可卡因固定比率自身给药大鼠模型,并提高其成功率。方法：16只大鼠随机分为对照组和模型组,每组8只。2组大鼠全部行右侧颈静脉长期置管术,术后第6天起进行每天2小时的自身给药训练,训练程序为固定比率的FR1程序（即大鼠触碰鼻触一次可获得药物注射一次）,模型组注射药物为浓度为5mg／ml的可卡因溶液（50μl／次）,对照组为生理盐水（50μl／次）,每次注射后20秒内为不应期,当大鼠连续3天触鼻频率最高值与最低值的差值小于均数标准差的1／4后,FR1模式下的大鼠自身给药训练成功。结果：通过8-11天训练,模型组8只SD大鼠全部形成稳定的自身给药行为,且与对照组相比,触鼻次数明显增加,P〈0．01。结论：通过静脉自身给药训练,盐酸可卡因可使大鼠建立稳定的自身给药模型：通过改善手术质量、加强术后维护,可明显提高模型成功率。     

Flt3配体胞外域的原核表达纯化及活性鉴定

目的:构建pET32a(+)-hFLext原核表达载体,诱导hFLext蛋白表达、纯化及活性鉴定.方法:以人淋巴细胞cDNA文库为模板,克隆hFlext,构建pET32a(+)-hFLext重组表达载体.转化大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导蛋白表达,镍珠亲合层析纯化蛋白,SDS-PAGE及Western blot鉴定.细胞增殖实验检测其生物学活性.结果:成功克隆获得hFLext,并构建了pET32a(+)-hFLext重组表达载体.在大肠杆菌BL21,经1 mM IPTG 30℃诱导12 h,成功表达Trx-hFLext融合蛋白,主要以包涵体形式存在.经8M尿素变性包涵体蛋白,逐步透析复性,镍珠亲合层析纯化蛋白,SDS-PAGE及Western blot鉴定,成功获得高纯度的Trx-hFLext融合蛋白.细胞增殖实验证实其具有生物学活性,能够有效刺激脐血细胞增殖.结论:成功构建了pET32a(+)-hFLext重组表达载体,表达、纯化了具有生物学活性的Trx-hFLext融合蛋白,为造血干/祖细胞的体外扩增研究奠定了基础.     

β-葡聚糖酶和木聚糖酶高产菌株的选育及在小麦加工中的应用

以Aspergillus nigerJ5为出发菌株,经Co60γ-射线诱变,筛选到一株β-葡聚糖酶和木聚糖酶活力都较出发菌株高的突变株A-25,其产β-葡聚糖酶和木聚糖酶的合适发酵条件为:大麦粉4%、玉米浆2.5%、NaNO30.4%、Na2HPO40.1%、MgSO4.7H2O0.03%、FeSO4.7H2O0.01%、CaCO30.5%、吐温-800.25%,初始pH6.7,300mL三角瓶的装液量为50mL,在此条件下培养84h,β-葡聚糖酶活力达到1203.9I U/mL,较出发菌株提高35.9%,木聚糖酶活力达到395.2I U/mL,较出发菌株提高27.8%。突变株粗酶液降解工业面粉非淀粉多糖的能力明显高于出发菌株。     

灰斑古毒蛾核型多角体病毒三个晚期表达因子基因

将灰斑古毒蛾(Orgyia ericae)单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒(OrerSNPV)基因组DNA的各EcoRI酶切片段进行克隆和测序.序列分析结果表明EcoRI-M(3.0kb)与EcoRI-P片段(2.2kb)相连处含有编码晚期表达因子(LEF-2)的开放阅读框(ORF).同时在EcoRI-E(约10kb)片段两端分别含有lef-3和lef-11基因的部分序列.lef-2基因编码区由648bp组成,可编码216个氨基酸残基的多肽,预计蛋白质分子量为23.7kDa.将OrerSNPVLEF-2氨基酸序列与其它已知的27种杆状病毒的LEF-2序列比较,发现OrerSNPV与其它鳞翅目NPV LEF-2氨基酸有35%～49%同源性,其中与BusuSNPV、MaMNPV-A、HezeSNPV、HearSNPV和LdMNPV同源性最高,和GV有26%～31%同源性,与膜翅目松柏锯角叶蜂NPV的同源性为32%,与库蚊杆状病毒的同源性只有23%.根据氨基酸序列绘制的分子进化树表明28种杆状病毒lef-2基因可以分为鳞翅目NPV、GV、膜翅目NeseNPV与双翅目Culex nigripalpus Baculovirus四个分支.OrerSNPVlef-2与BusuSNPV在进化树上关系最为接近,而OrerSNPVlf-3和LdMNPV的最接近,OrerSNPVlef-11则和SeMNPV的关系最接近.