中国植物群落生产力由东向西分布格局及其驱动因素

植物群落生产力是表征植物群落光合生产能力的重要参数,是维护生态系统稳定性与可持续发展的基础。研究沿中国东西样带(WETC)的水热梯度对植物群落展开野外调查,并基于调查数据计算植物群落地上生物量(AGB)及地上净初级生产力(ANPP),结合环境因子对我国植物群落生产力的东西分布格局及其驱动因素进行了探讨。中国东西样带(WETC)沿30°N设置,水热梯度明显,具有良好的植被、气候等环境因素的过渡特征。在该样带上,ANPP和AGB均具有明显的经度地带性和垂直地带性分布特征,并且其空间分布特征能够较好地被环境因子所解释;具体关系为：ANPP、AGB和年降水(MAP)、生长季温度(T_gs)、CO₂分压(Pco₂)呈显著正相关关系,与太阳辐射(SRAD)、风速(WS)、pH为显著负相关关系。由于青藏高原特殊环境的影响,在该样带上除了MAP和T_gs外,Pco₂也成为影响ANPP和AGB空间分布格局的重要因子,该结论为未来研究高海拔地区群落生产力的响应机制提供了新的启示。综上所述,中国东西样带...     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Triptolide inhibits angiogenesis in microvascular endothelial cells through regulation of miR-92a

Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry - Atherosclerosis is one common chronic inflammatory disease in which angiogenesis is involved. Here we established an in vitro cell model of angiogenesis...     

河北泥河湾盆地下卜庄遗址端刮器功能的实验分析

端刮器常见于旧石器时代晚期的细石器工业中,形制比较固定,在探讨人类行为、生计以及环境适应等方面具有重要的研究价值。国外的研究涉及制作工艺、使用方式与功能等多个方面,而国内的研究多为类型学分析,对其功能的研究相对薄弱。河北泥河湾盆地下卜庄遗址出土了一定数量的端刮器遗存,本文通过模拟打制与使用实验,结合微痕分析方法,对它们的功能进行了探索,结果表明：1）下卜庄遗址的端刮器可能主要用来加工兽皮,且加工湿皮的现象较多;2）端刮器也可能直接被用来加工木材;3）部分端刮器微痕之间的关系表明,一些端刮器在使用过程中存在对刃缘的重新修理,当它们不再适合处理兽皮时会被用来加工木材,而后废弃。     

Phytophthora capsici homologue of the cell cycle regulator SDA1 is required for sporangial morphology,mycelial growth and plant infection

SDA1 encodes a highly conserved protein that is widely distributed in eukaryotic organisms. SDA1 is essential for cell cycle progression and organization of the actin cytoskeleton in yeasts and humans. In this study, we identified a Phytophthora capsici orthologue of yeast SDA1, named PcSDA1. In P. capsici, PcSDA1 is strongly expressed in three asexual developmental states (mycelium, sporangia and germinating cysts), as well as late in infection. Silencing or overexpression of PcSDA1 in P. capsici transformants affected the growth of hyphae and sporangiophores, sporangial development, cyst germination and zoospore release. Phalloidin staining confirmed that PcSDA1 is required for organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) staining and PcSDA1‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions revealed that PcSDA1 is involved in the regulation of nuclear distribution in hyphae and sporangia. Both silenced and overexpression transformants showed severely diminished virulence. Thus, our results suggest that PcSDA1 plays a similar role in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and nuclear division in this filamentous organism as in non‐filamentous yeasts and human cells.     

基于景观感知的自然教育环境设计策略与要素研究

景观感知作为自然教育非常重要的组成部分,其研究内容受到广泛关注,但现有研究仍处于初步阶段,未对自然教育环境设计起到应有的支撑作用。从景观感知角度,综合环境教育学、环境心理学及行为心理学等相关理论,对基于景观感知的自然教育环境的营建提出了针对性原则及策略,并着重探讨影响景观感知的设计要素。首次从景观感知角度对自然教育环境设计进行探讨,对自然教育环境的营建具有指导意义。 关键词：风景园林;自然教育;景观感知     

The Rheb switch 2 segment is critical for signaling to target of rapamycin complex 1

The small GTPase Rheb is a positive upstream regulator of the target of rapamycin (TOR) complex 1 in mammalian cells and can bind directly to TOR complex 1. To identify the regions of the Rheb surface most critical for signaling to TOR complex 1, we created a set of 26 mutants wherein clusters of 1-5 putative solvent-exposed residues were changed to alanine, ultimately changing 65 residues distributed over the entire Rheb surface. The signaling function of these mutants was assessed by their ability, in comparison to wild type Rheb, to restore the phosphorylation of S6K1(Thr389) when expressed transiently in amino acid-deprived 293T cells. The major finding is that two mutants situated in the Rheb switch 2 segment, Y67A/I69A and I76A/D77A, exhibit a near total loss of function, whereas extensive replacement of the switch 1 segment and other surface residues with alanines causes relatively little disturbance of Rheb rescue of S6K1 from amino acid withdrawal. This is surprising in view of the minimal impact of guanyl nucleotide on Rheb switch 2 configuration. The loss of function Rheb switch 2 mutants are well expressed and exhibit partial agonist function in amino acid-replete cells. They are unimpaired in their ability to bind GTP or mammalian (m)TOR in vivo or in vitro, and the mTOR polypeptides retrieved with these inactive Rheb mutants exhibit kinase activity in vitro comparable with mTOR bound to wild type Rheb. We conclude that Rheb signaling to mTOR in vivo requires a Rheb switch 2-dependent interaction with an element other than the three known polypeptide components of TOR complex 1.     

Transcriptome sequencing and global analysis of blue light-responsive genes provide clues for high carotenoid yields in Blakeslea trispora

International Microbiology - Blakeslea trispora has great potential uses in industrial production because of the excellent capability of producing a large quantity of carotenoids. However, the...