河北泥河湾盆地下卜庄遗址端刮器功能的实验分析

端刮器常见于旧石器时代晚期的细石器工业中,形制比较固定,在探讨人类行为、生计以及环境适应等方面具有重要的研究价值。国外的研究涉及制作工艺、使用方式与功能等多个方面,而国内的研究多为类型学分析,对其功能的研究相对薄弱。河北泥河湾盆地下卜庄遗址出土了一定数量的端刮器遗存,本文通过模拟打制与使用实验,结合微痕分析方法,对它们的功能进行了探索,结果表明：1）下卜庄遗址的端刮器可能主要用来加工兽皮,且加工湿皮的现象较多;2）端刮器也可能直接被用来加工木材;3）部分端刮器微痕之间的关系表明,一些端刮器在使用过程中存在对刃缘的重新修理,当它们不再适合处理兽皮时会被用来加工木材,而后废弃。

Experimental analysis of the endscrapers’ function from the Xiabozhuang site in Nihewan Basin of Hebei province

Endscraper is a kind of typical stone tool. Although its retouching is quite simple, endscraper has great potential in studying human behavior, subsistence and adaptation to the environment. There are many researches on endscraper, including knapping technology, usage mode, functional analysis and so on. But in China, most of research is about typology and the functional research of endscraper is scarce. By combining the knapping and use of endscraper with the microwear analysis, we conduct a research about endscraper function. The result suggests that: 1) These endscrapers which are collected from the Xiabozhuang site, Nihewan Basin, North China, are mainly used to process hides, especially wed hides; 2) These stone tools are also used to process wood directly; 3)These tools were resharpened again when them became blunt, and after processing hides, some endscrapers were used to handle the wood until discarded.