基于集合经验模态分解去趋势的水分利用效率对气候变化响应的高程分异——以“21世纪海上丝绸之路”沿线省份为例

水分利用效率(WUE)是表征陆地碳-水循环耦合关系的重要指标，但其对气候变化响应的高程分异仍不清楚。通过集合经验模态分解(EEMD)去趋势和偏相关方法，以"21世纪海上丝绸之路"沿线省份为研究区，揭示WUE对气候变化的响应及其随高程的分异。研究结果表明：(1)研究区内WUE多年均值由中心向南北递减。不同植被类型的WUE多年均值由高到低依次为：常绿针叶林、混交林、常绿阔叶林、稀树灌木草地、耕地和城市建设用地。(2)51.11%的区域表现出均温与WUE的正相关；而81.46%地区表明温差的扩大会使得WUE增加；有近一半的研究区表明最高温的升高有利于提高WUE，而最低温的作用则相反；有67.99%的区域表明降水增多反而会导致WUE的减少。(3)在大多数土地覆盖类型，日温差和最低温主要与WUE呈正相关，而最高温和降水主要与WUE呈负相关。在常绿针叶林、耕地和城市建设用地，日均温与WUE呈负相关。在其他三种植被类型下则呈正相关。(4)在低海拔地区，均温与WUE呈负相关而在中高海拔地区则转变为正相关关系。而最高温则正好相反。降水与WUE的负相关关系系数随高度的增加而不断加强，而温差和最低温与WUE的正相关关系也随高度的增加而剧烈波动增强。     

Seed Priming with Gibberellin Regulates the Germination of Cotton Seeds Under Low-Temperature Conditions

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - Exogenous substances play an important role in the response of cotton to low-temperature conditions during the germination stage, but little is known about the...     

Shortened snRNA promoters for efficient CRISPR/Cas-based multiplex genome editing in monocot plants

正Dear Editor,CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas genome editing is a powerful tool for introducing specific mutations in organisms including plants. The system is composed of a nuclease such as Cas9 or Cas12a and an engineered single-guide RNA (sgRNA) incorporating a target sequence (Li et al., 2019). A Cas9/sgRNA complex re-     

Leaf size of woody dicots predicts ecosystem primary productivity

A key challenge in ecology is to understand the relationships between organismal traits and ecosystem processes. Here, with a novel dataset of leaf length and width for 10 480 woody dicots in China and 2374 in North America, we show that the variation in community mean leaf size is highly correlated with the variation in climate and ecosystem primary productivity, independent of plant life form. These relationships likely reflect how natural selection modifies leaf size across varying climates in conjunction with how climate influences canopy total leaf area. We find that the leaf size?primary productivity functions based on the Chinese dataset can predict productivity in North America and vice‐versa. In addition to advancing understanding of the relationship between a climate‐driven trait and ecosystem functioning, our findings suggest that leaf size can also be a promising tool in palaeoecology for scaling from fossil leaves to palaeo‐primary productivity of woody ecosystems.     

Adoptive transfers of CD4+CD25+ Tregs partially alleviate mouse premature ovarian insufficiency

This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs) against zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 peptide (pZP3) immunization‐induced premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) in mice. A mouse POI model was induced by two subcutaneous injections of pZP3 (50 nmol/L). Mice in the pZP3‐Treg group were intraperitoneally injected with 5 × 10⁵ CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregs after the POI model was established. Sex hormone levels, follicle numbers, apoptotic events, and the Akt/FOXO3a signaling pathway molecules in the ovaries were assessed. Compared with control group, the weight of ovaries in both pZP3 group and pZP3‐Treg group was decreased and no difference was found between them. The number of follicles in the Treg transferred mice, like in pZP3 group, was significantly reduced compared to the control group, but showed a modest improvement when compared the pZP3 group alone. Significantly lower serum concentrations of follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and anti‐zona pellucida antibodies (AZPAbs) were found, while the concentrations of estradiol and anti‐Mullerian hormone increased. In mechanism, Treg cell transfer to ZP3 treated mice restored the levels of Caspase3 to control levels, and partially restored Bax, however, had no effect on Bcl‐2. Moreover, Treg cell transfer to ZP3 treated mice partially restored the levels of Akt and FOXO3a, and partially restored the ratios of p‐Akt/Akt and p‐FOXO3a/FOXO3a. In conclusion, Treg cells improved some aspects of ZP3‐induced POI which may be mediate by suppressing ovarian cells apoptosis and involving the Akt/FOXO3a signaling pathway. Therefore, Treg cells may be protective against autoimmune POI.     

登革病毒血清型特异单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

登革病毒 (Dengue virus,DENV) 是全球传播最为广泛的虫媒病毒,由于缺乏快速鉴别感染病毒血清型的诊断技术,导致异型交叉感染引起重症登革出血热病例居高不下。为实现免疫学方法快速鉴别诊断不同血清型DENV感染,本研究采用哺乳动物细胞293T表达并纯化了4种DENV血清型NS1蛋白,免疫小鼠后通过杂交瘤技术制备了针对NS1蛋白的单克隆抗体。利用酶联免疫吸附方法 (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)、间接免疫荧光法 (Indirect immunofluorescence assay,IFA)、免疫斑点杂交试验 (Dot blotting) 以及蛋白质免疫印迹试验 (Western blotting) 确认所制备的单克隆抗体能够有效识别天然病毒NS1以及重组NS1蛋白。获得的单克隆抗体包含2株可识别1–4型DENV NS1蛋白的通用型抗体及3株分别针对DENV-1、DENV-2和DENV-4的血清型特异抗体。以所制备的DENV NS1抗体为基础,采用双抗体夹心ELISA可快速鉴别不同血清型DENV。DENV血清型特异单克隆抗体的制备和甄别DENV血清型ELISA方法的建立为快速鉴别感染DENV血清型的临床诊断奠定了基础。     

老年冠心病患者血尿酸水平与肠道菌群的关系

目的探讨老年冠心病患者血尿酸(SUA)水平与肠道菌群的关系,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法选择2018年5月至2019年5月我院收治的83例冠心病患者为研究组,选择同期我院83例健康体检者的作为对照组。比较两组对象SUA水平及粪便标本中肠道菌群分布情况(乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、幽门螺杆菌、大肠埃希菌、链球菌);比较不同菌群紊乱程度冠心病患者SUA水平;比较不同SUA水平冠心病患者肠道菌群分布情况。采用Pearson相关分析冠心病患者SUA水平与肠道菌群相关性。结果研究组患者肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量明显低于对照组(均P<0.05),而肠道幽门螺杆菌、大肠埃希菌、链球菌数量明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)。研究组患者SUA水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),不同菌群紊乱程度冠心病患者SUA水平有差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。不同SUA水平冠心病患者肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、幽门螺杆菌、大肠埃希菌、链球菌数量差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。冠心病患者SUA水平与肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量呈负相关(r=-0.872、-0.912,均P<0.001),与肠道幽门螺杆菌、大肠埃希菌、链球菌数量呈正相关(r=0.915、0.896、0.889,均P<0.001)。结论冠心病患者存在肠道细菌紊乱及高尿酸现象。冠心病患者SUA水平与肠道菌群显著相关,检测冠心病患者SUA水平对监测肠道菌群状态及治疗方案制定具有重要意义。     

广东从化温泉水体原核微生物多样性及其酶活筛选

为了解广东从化温泉的原核微生物多样性及其产纤维素酶、淀粉酶的能力,选取从化3个地热区的7个温泉样点,现场测量各采样点的水体理化参数,并采集温泉水样品。利用免培养技术对从化温泉环境样品基因组的16S rRNA基因进行扩增,利用高通量测序技术,分析从化温泉环境原核微生物群落结构及多样性。同时,借助纯培养技术,对7个样点的微生物进行分离纯化,并将菌株接种于以微晶纤维素或淀粉为唯一碳源的培养基中,检测其纤维素酶、淀粉酶活性。免培养结果显示,广东从化温泉环境原核微生物群落以细菌为主,群落结构与总碳含量相关性最大。通过选择性分离培养,共获得71株细菌,分属于17个不同的属,其中有9株属于潜在新分类单元,其中67.61%有纤维素酶活性,18.31%有淀粉酶活性。广东从化温泉中存在丰富多样的原核微生物类群,且蕴藏大量具有产生纤维素酶、淀粉酶活性的菌株,极具进一步发掘和研究的价值。     

织金洞钟乳石沉积物表面可培养细菌多样性和网络分析

【背景】洞穴环境中蕴含丰富而独特的细菌资源,对洞穴环境中细菌的分离培养有助于了解洞穴细菌多样性及细菌资源的挖掘和利用。【目的】利用不同培养基分离细菌,探究钟乳石表面可培养细菌的多样性及其种间互作关系。【方法】通过11种培养基对织金洞内钟乳石沉积物表面的细菌进行分离纯化,并利用16S rRNA基因序列分析初步确定分离菌株的分类地位。在R软件下,通过Bipartite包分析可培养细菌属间的相互作用。【结果】从钟乳石沉积物表面共分离出206株细菌,它们隶属于4门25属45种,香农(Shannon)指数为4.78,辛普森(Simpson)指数为0.95。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)分别为样品中可培养细菌的优势门(47.09%)和优势属(29.61%)。无机寡营养培养基有助于洞穴钟乳石沉积物细菌的分离。属水平-采样点网络分析表明,可培养细菌分布具有非随机、显著的嵌套性。芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、德沃斯氏菌属(Devosia)、产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes)、节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)和短杆菌属(Brevibacterium)在细菌群落中存在较多的有效合作值(Effective Partners)和亲密度(Closeness),被其他细菌所依赖程度(Species Strength)较高,是该群落中的重要组成类群。【结论】织金洞内钟乳石沉积物表面存在丰富的细菌资源,分析细菌类群在群落中的作用应结合细菌相对丰度和网络分析。     

高寒典型草原主要物种的株高和盖度预测种群和群落地上生物量

为快速、准确、无破坏地测定草原地上生物量,在祁连山高寒典型草原植物生长旺季,观测了冬季和春秋季放牧地60个样方内各物种的株高、盖度等生长指标。以冬季牧地紫花针茅（Stipa purpurea）、醉马草（Achnatherum inebrians）、赖草（Leymus secalinus）、扁穗冰草（Agropyron cristatum）、二裂委陵菜（Potentilla bifurca）、银灰旋花（Convolvulus ammannii）6个主要物种的株高、盖度、株高和盖度的乘积为自变量,分别预测同物种、其他物种和群落地上生物量。用春秋季牧场的数据验证模型的精确性和稳定性。结果表明：主要物种的生长指标可预测其自身、其他物种和群落地上生物量。对自身种群,株高和盖度乘积的复合因子预测效果最好;4种禾草对其他物种、二裂委陵菜对菊科植物种群,株高、盖度单因子预测效果优于复合因子;6个主要物种单独或2-6个种结合均可预测群落地上生物量,但是以6个物种株高和盖度的乘积同时预测时决定系数最大,可解释群落地上生物量89.5%的变异,为高寒典型草原群落地上生物量最优预测模型。