罗望子的综合利用开发

本文从食品、医药及轻工业等方面介绍了罗望子(Tamarindus indica L.)的国内外应用情况,特别是罗望子多糖在国外的开发利用状况,为我国进一步开发罗望子这一重要经济植物资源提供线索和参考。     

Sublocalization of an Ataxia-Telangiectasia Gene Distal to D11S384 by Ancestral Haplotyping In Costa Rican Families

In an effort to localize a gene for ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), we have genotyped 27 affected Costa Rican families, with 13 markers, in the chromosome 11q22-23 region. Significant linkage disequilibrium was detected for 9/13 markers between D11S1816 and D11S1391. Recombination events observed in these pedigrees places A-T between D11S1819 and D11S1960. One ancestral haplotype is common to 24/54 affected chromosomes and roughly two-thirds of the families. Inferred (ancestral) recombination events involving this common haplotype in earlier generations suggest that A-T is distal to D11S384 and proximal to D11S1960. Several other common haplotypes were identified, consistent with multiple mutations in a single gene. When considered together with all other evidence, this study further sublocalizes the major A-T locus to ≈200 kb, between markers S384 and S535.     

色觉异常的数学模型

色盲是一种遗传性疾病,由于色觉机理尚未研究清楚,一向不能矫治。为了解除色盲患者的苦脑,增加他们在升学、就业和职业选择中的权利,我们通过色觉过程的拓扑学研究,建立了色觉异常的突变模型;论证了色盲矫治机理;研制了色盲电脑诊断矫正检测仪。为色盲眼镜的批量生产和患者的配镜提供准确的矫正曲线。     

固定化生长酵母连续生产酒精的研究中间试验报告

造粒器与柱式生物反应器成—封闭系统,采用正交试验确定的最适固定化条件,以海藻酸钙凝胶法进行细胞固定化,连续造粒,在反应器中完成固定化。固定化酵母在反应器中通气培养20小时左右,凝胶球细胞数达2×10~9/me,其增长速度比传统工艺自然细胞快10倍。固定化生长细胞用于生物反应器连续发酵甜菜糖蜜酒精,酒精生产能力为22.1—23.67g/L凝胶球/小时,为传统工艺酒精生产能力的10倍。停留时间为3小时。反应器系统由两个0.7KL柱式反应器和1个0.8KL成熟醪接收器组成。发酵周期由传统工艺的20小时左右,缩短为4小时,酒精含量为8.5—9.0％(V/V),对1.2号反应器的动态变化及其在发酵中的作用进行了系统研究,糖蜜中可发酵糖75％的转化是在1号反应器中完成的。     

Targeted Exosomes for Drug Delivery: Biomanufacturing,Surface Tagging,and Validation

Exosomes hold great potential to deliver therapeutic reagents for cancer treatment due to its inherent low antigenicity. However, several technical barriers, such as low productivity and ineffective cancer targeting, need to be overcome before wide clinical applications. The present study aims at creating a new biomanufacturing platform of cancer‐targeted exosomes for drug delivery. Specifically, a scalable, robust, high‐yield, cell line based exosome production process is created in a stirred‐tank bioreactor, and an efficient surface tagging technique is developed to generate monoclonal antibody (mAb)‐exosomes. The in vitro characterization using transmission electron microscopy, NanoSight, and western blotting confirm the high quality of exosomes. Flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrate that mAb‐exosomes have strong surface binding to cancer cells. Furthermore, to validate the targeted drug delivery efficiency, romidepsin, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, is loaded into mAb‐exosomes. The in vitro anti‐cancer toxicity study shows high cytotoxicity of mAb‐exosome‐romidepsin to cancer cells. Finally, the in vivo study using tumor xenograft animal model validates the cancer targeting specificity, anti‐cancer efficacy, and drug delivery capability of the targeted exosomes. In summary, new techniques enabling targeted exosomes for drug delivery are developed to support large‐scale animal studies and to facilitate the translation from research to clinics.     

侵袭性真菌深部感染的早期实验室诊断

目的探讨假丝酵母菌甘露聚糖抗原和假丝酵母菌IgG/IgM抗体、曲霉半乳甘露聚糖抗原和烟曲霉IgG抗体在侵袭性真菌病早期临床诊断中的应用价值。方法收集已确诊侵袭性假丝酵母菌病患者18例,侵袭性烟曲霉病患者6例,单纯细菌感染患者20例,浅部真菌感染患者20例,健康体检者(正常对照组)20例,通过酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测患者血清甘露聚糖和假丝酵母菌IgG/IgM抗体以及曲霉半乳甘露聚糖抗原和烟曲霉IgG抗体浓度,计算各指标的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积。结果甘露聚糖抗原和假丝酵母菌IgG/IgM抗体联合测定的敏感度为66.7%,特异度为83.3%,阴性预测值为100.0%,阳性预测值为85.7%,ROC曲线下面积为0.992(95%CI:0.974~1.000);半乳甘露聚糖抗原和烟曲霉IgG抗体联合测定的敏感度为66.7%,特异度为95.0%,阴性预测值为98.2%,阳性预测值为100.0%,ROC曲线下面积为0.978(95%CI:0.934~1.000)。结论甘露聚糖抗原和假丝酵母菌IgG/IgM抗体、半乳甘露聚糖抗原和烟曲霉IgG抗体联合检测对深部真菌感染的早期诊断具有重要意义。     

丽水市早期新冠肺炎无症状感染者SARS-CoV-2全基因组序列分析

对1例新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情流行早期的无症状感染者临床标本进行SARS-CoV-2实验室鉴定和全基因组测定,在分子水平了解新型病毒的基因特点和变异情况,追溯病毒潜在来源.实时荧光定量PCR扩增丽水市庆元县首例确诊患者密切接触者的痰液标本SARS-CoV-2核酸,阳性RNA逆转录为cDNA构建文库后进行基于NGS的宏基因组深度测序,生物学软件分析处理数据.该密接无任何症状及体征,痰液标本SARS-CoV-2核酸阳性.测序数据包含有足够的病毒序列,组装成功后hCoV-19/Lishui/LS556/2020长29 887bp,G+C含量37.99％,在ORF1ab和N区域发现4个SNP,对应1个错义突变和3个同义突变.LS556与SARS-CoV-2参考序列核苷酸/氨基酸同源性在99.2％/97.4％以上,不同序列之间存在4～17个核苷酸差异,与蝙蝠病毒RaTG13核苷酸差异仅3.7％,存在1141个SNP,与穿山甲病毒Guangdong/1相似性90.9％.LS556属于β冠状病毒Lineage B谱系,与LS003和ZJU-06共享完全相同的病毒,与蝙蝠/穿山甲冠状病毒进化上最相关.结合流行病学、核酸诊断、病毒溯源判定其为无症状感染者.LS556组成和结构符合SARS-CoV-2典型的基因特征,为高覆盖率序列,在流行早期与其他SARS-CoV-2基因组具有高度的同一性,突变率保持在较低水平,多数导致氨基酸位点保守置换.     

Measles Contributes to Rheumatoid Arthritis: Evidence from Pathway and Network Analyses of Genome-Wide Association Studies

Growing evidence from epidemiological studies indicates the association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and measles. However, the exact mechanism for this association is still unclear now. We consider that the strong association between both diseases may be caused by shared genetic pathways. We performed a pathway analysis of large-scale RA genome-wide association studies (GWAS) dataset with 5,539 cases and 20,169 controls of European descent. Meanwhile, we evaluated our findings using previously identified RA loci, protein-protein interaction network and previous results from pathway analysis of RA and other autoimmune diseases GWAS. We confirmed four pathways including Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Jak-STAT signaling, T cell receptor signaling and Cell adhesion molecules. Meanwhile, we highlighted for the first time the involvement of Measles and Intestinal immune network for IgA production pathways in RA. Our results may explain the strong association between RA and measles, which may be caused by the shared genetic pathway. We believe that our results will be helpful for future genetic studies in RA pathogenesis and may significantly assist in the development of therapeutic strategies.     

Polymorphisms in the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and the Risk of Ovarian Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) principally mediates the anticancer activities of vitamin D. Various epidemiological studies have investigated the associations of VDR gene polymorphisms with ovarian cancer; however, the results have been inconclusive. In the current study, we evaluated, in a meta-analysis, the association of five common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the VDR gene (ApaI, BsmI, Cdx-2, FokI, and TaqI) with the risk of ovarian cancer. Six eligible studies, with a total of 4,107 cases and 6,661 controls, which evaluated the association of these variants and ovarian cancer risk, were identified from the MEDLINE and PubMed databases. The meta-analysis indicated that FokI was associated with an increased ovarian cancer risk, with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.10 [95% confidence intervals (95% CI) = 1.00–1.20] for CT heterozygotes and 1.16 (95% CI = 1.02–1.30) for TT homozygotes relative to common CC carriers. Carriers of the T allele (also known as the f allele) showed an 11% (pooled OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.02–1.21; TT/CT vs. CC) increased risk of ovarian cancer relative to CC carriers. For FokI, no significant heterogeneity between the studies was found (I² = 0%, P = 0.62 for the Q test). There was no statistically significant association between the other four variants (ApaI, BsmI, Cdx-2 and TaqI) and risk of ovarian cancer. These data indicate that the polymorphism FokI on the VDR is a susceptibility factor for ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, more studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the VDR in development of ovarian cancer.     

Ribosomal protein S7 regulates arsenite-induced GADD45α expression by attenuating MDM2-mediated GADD45α ubiquitination and degradation

The stress-responding protein, GADD45α, plays important roles in cell cycle checkpoint, DNA repair and apoptosis. In our recent study, we demonstrate that GADD45α undergoes a dynamic ubiquitination and degradation in vivo, which process can be blocked by the cytotoxic reagent, arsenite, resulting in GADD45α accumulation to activate JNKs cell death pathway, thereby revealing a novel mechanism for the cellular GADD45α functional regulation. But the factors involved in GADD45α stability modulations are unidentified. Here, we demonstrated that MDM2 was an E3 ubiquitin ligase for GADD45α. One of MDM2-binding partner, ribosomal protein S7, interacted with and stabilized GADD45α through preventing the ubiquitination and degradation of GADD45α mediated by MDM2. This novel function of S7 is unrelated to p53 but seems to depend on S7/MDM2 interaction, for the S7 mutant lacking MDM2-binding ability lost its function to stabilize GADD45α. Further investigations indicated that arsenite treatment enhanced S7–MDM2 interaction, resulting in attenuation of MDM2-dependent GADD45α ubiquitination and degradation, thereby leading to GADD45α-dependent cell death pathway activation. Silencing S7 expression suppressed GADD45α-dependent cytotoxicity induced by arsenite. Our findings thus identify a novel function of S7 in control of GADD45α stabilization under both basal and stress conditions and its significance in mediating arsenite-induced cellular stress.