西方蜜蜂Lozenge基因的克隆鉴定及时空表达分析

Lozenge蛋白（Lz蛋白）是昆虫的重要转录因子,在昆虫胚胎发育过程中发挥重要作用。为研究Lozenge在西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera中的作用,本研究克隆了Lozenge基因,并对其进行生物信息学分析,同时基于荧光定量PCR技术检测该基因在西方蜜蜂不同发育时期（卵期、幼虫期、蛹期和成年蜂）和10日龄哺育蜂各组织的表达谱。生物信息学分析结果显示,Lozenge基因的开放阅读框（ORF）为1 554 bp,共编码517个氨基酸,预测分子量为54.63918 kDa,等电点为6.08;结构域预测分析发现Lozenge蛋白含有一个Runt结构域,多物种蛋白序列对比发现该蛋白同源性高。时期表达谱表明,该基因在第1日卵和第2日卵的表达量远高于其他时期,在卵期表达量随时间依次递减,幼虫期表达量极低,蛹期表达量呈先增后减的趋势,而成年蜂中均有表达;组织表达谱显示,该基因在哺育蜂头部、上颚腺中的表达量较高,而在腹部的表达量低。这些结果表明,Lozenge基因可能在西方蜜蜂胚胎期细胞发育过程、哺育蜂蜂王浆合成和分泌过程中发挥重要作用,这些结果为该基因功能的深入研究提供了重要的理论参考。     

Indication of dynamic neurovascular coupling from inconsistency between EEG and fMRI indices across sleep–wake states

Sleep and Biological Rhythms - Neurovascular coupling (NVC), the transient regional hyperemia following the evoked neuronal responses, is the basis of blood oxygenation level-dependent techniques...     

冷驯化对松墨天牛幼虫脂代谢的影响

【目的】在低温环境下,昆虫会启用体内的生理调控机制稳定自身代谢,脂肪代谢在昆虫抵御低温的过程中发挥重要作用。本研究旨在探究松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus幼虫脂肪代谢在低温条件下的变化及其对耐寒性的影响。【方法】将室内25℃下饲养的松墨天牛4龄幼虫分别置于25℃(对照)和4℃(冷驯化)恒温培养箱,7 d后解剖幼虫,收集其脂肪体,观察冷驯化后脂滴变化,测定脂肪体内脂肪含量;利用气相色谱 质谱分析,检测脂肪体内游离脂肪酸组分及含量;并用RT-qPCR方法检测脂肪体内脂肪酸β-氧化关键酶(CPT1, 4KCT, VLCAD, ECH和3HCD-1)基因的相对表达量。【结果】冷驯化(4℃)7 d后松墨天牛4龄幼虫脂肪体中脂滴较对照变小,密度降低,脂肪含量下降;但其脂肪酸组成种类未变,对照组和冷驯化组主要脂肪酸均为C16∶0, C16∶1, C18∶0, C18∶1和C18∶2,其中C18∶2的相对含量在两组中均最高,由未驯化时的31.83%±8.82%降至冷驯化后的25.16%±2.88%。冷驯化后,松墨天牛4龄幼虫脂肪体中C16∶0,C16∶1和C18∶2脂肪酸含量减少,C18∶0与C18∶1的相对含量上升。在5种主要脂肪酸中,冷驯化后各脂肪酸的相对丰度较对照均有所减少,其中C16∶0, C16∶1及C18∶2的相对丰度则显著下降。但冷驯化后松墨天牛4龄幼虫脂肪体中游离脂肪酸的双键指数较对照上升3.88%。且冷驯化组脂肪体中VLCAD基因表达量较对照组显著上调。【结论】低温环境中松墨天牛幼虫通过消耗脂肪维持基本代谢,幼虫脂肪体的脂肪酸分解代谢水平提高;不饱和脂肪酸在松墨天牛的耐寒性中起关键作用。脂代谢调控为松墨天牛应对低温的重要生存策略。     

土壤镉胁迫对檫木光合特性的影响

采用盆栽控制土培试验的方法,探讨不同浓度Cd胁迫对檫木(Sassafras tzumu Hemsl.)光合特性的影响。试验共设置5个镉处理水平(CK:0 mg·kg^-1,T1:5 mg·kg^-1,T2:20 mg·kg^-1,T3:50 mg·kg^-1,T4:100 mg·kg^-1)。分别测定每个处理下檫木叶片叶绿素含量、光合气体交换参数及光合—光响应曲线。结果表明:①随着处理Cd浓度的升高,檫木叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量先增加后下降,T2处理下取达到最大值;②随着Cd浓度处理升高,叶片净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)均呈现下降趋势,各处理间胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)差异不显著,檫木叶片光合速率主要受非气孔因素限制;③随着Cd浓度升高,檫木叶片的Pnmax(最大净光合速率)呈现显著下降趋势;T1处理条件下,檫木叶片的初始量子效率(α)值最大;檫木叶片的暗呼吸速率(Rd)、光补偿点(LCP)和光饱和点(LSP)总体呈现下降趋势。综上表明,在不同浓度Cd胁迫条件下,檫木叶绿素含量先增后减,在T1、T2处理下高于CK,体现了Cd胁迫“低促高抑”的效应;随着Cd浓度处理升高,光合气体交换参数及光合—光响应参数较CK总体上均呈现下降趋势,表明Cd胁迫对檫木光合作用产生了明显的抑制作用。     

西方蜜蜂发育基因AmWnt1的克隆鉴定及时空表达分析

本研究旨在克隆鉴定西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera发育相关基因AmWnt1,分析其在不同发育时期和刚出房工蜂不同组织的表达特征,为进一步研究Wnt1基因功能提供理论参考。根据NCBI中AmWnt1基因序列信息,利用Primer 6.0设计引物,RT-PCR扩增AmWnt1基因完整的CDS序列,进行生物信息学预测,用推导的氨基酸序列构建系统进化树;利用荧光定量PCR检测该基因在卵（1日龄、2日龄和3日龄）、幼虫（1日龄、3日龄和5日龄）、预蛹（1日龄和3日龄）、蛹（0日龄、2日龄、4日龄、6日龄和8日龄）、刚出房工蜂、哺育蜂和采集蜂以及刚出房工蜂8个组织中相对表达量。克隆获得西方蜜蜂的Wnt1基因CDS序列,命名为AmWnt1,上传NCBI,获得GenBank登录号MT993937。全长1 239 bp,编码412个氨基酸,预测等电点为9.48,相对分子质量为46.40313 kDa。序列比对和系统进化树结果表明：AmWnt1蛋白与其它膜翅目昆虫聚为一类,其中和东方蜜蜂Apis cerana亲缘关系最近,序列相似度为99.50%。时空表达谱结果表明：AmWnt1基因在各个时期中均有表达,且在胚胎后期表达量最高,预蛹期和蛹前期表达量相对较高,其它时期表达量相对较低;AmWnt1基因在刚出房工蜂头、胸、触角表达量高于其它组织。AmWnt1可能参与西方蜜蜂胚胎晚期的神经系统发育和化蛹过程中的四肢发育等关键历程,为进一步研究AmWnt1功能提供了理论参考。     

Steroid hormones (17beta-estradiol and hydrocortisone) upregulate hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-3beta and insulin-like growth factors I and II expression in the gonads of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) in vitro

Hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF-1alpha, -1beta and -3beta) and insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and -II), which are involved in liver-specific gene expression, metabolism, development and cell growth, have been found in the gonads of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). However, the functions of these factors and how they interact within the gonads of bony fish are not understood. In the present study, we provided experimental evidence that the expression of HNF-3beta in the gonads of tilapia, but not HNF-1alpha and -1beta, was affected in vitro by 17beta-estradiol and hydrocortisone. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that tilapia HNF-3beta was mainly found in the nuclei of hepatocytes, the follicular granulosa cells of the ovaries, and the interstitial cells of the testes of adult tilapia. Further data were gathered at various steroid concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 nM) over various culture intervals (6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 h) and subjected to semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. The expression of downstream genes (IGF-I and -II) followed the same temporal patterns as HNF-3beta, albeit at decreased levels for 30 and 36 h culture intervals. Both hormones upregulated HNF-3beta mRNA expression at concentrations of 0.1-10 nM, and reached optimal physiological concentrations for induction of IGFs at 1-10 nM. The identity of the PCR fragments was concurrently verified by sequencing and PCR-Southern hybridization. We inferred that HNF-3beta and IGFs may play a regulatory role in tilapia gonads during oocyte maturation and spermatogenesis.     

西方蜜蜂采集蜂上颚腺中高表达基因的筛选与表达分析

【目的】本研究旨在筛选西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera采集蜂上颚腺中高表达基因,为进一步筛选和研究蜜蜂采集行为相关基因提供依据。【方法】基于前期测序的西方蜜蜂5种不同职能工蜂(3日龄工蜂、10日龄哺育蜂、10日龄采集蜂、21日龄哺育蜂和21日龄采集蜂)上颚腺转录组数据,筛选采集蜂上颚腺的差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes, DEGs),并对这些DEGs进行GO和KEGG分析;qRT-PCR检测随机选取的8个DEGs在10日龄哺育蜂和10日龄采集蜂上颚腺以及两个关键DEGs(Δ-1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶基因Amp5cs和细胞色素P450 9e2基因CYP9Q3)在工蜂不同发育时期和采集蜂各组织中的表达量。【结果】筛选到22个DEGs在21日龄采集蜂上颚腺中的表达量显著高于在3日龄工蜂、10日龄哺育蜂和21日龄哺育蜂上颚腺中的表达量,同时在10日龄采集蜂上颚腺中的表达量也显著高于在10日龄哺育蜂上颚腺中的表达量。GO和KEGG富集分析显示这些DEGs主要富集在胆固醇代谢、半乳糖代谢、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、细胞凋亡-果蝇、氨基酸生物合成等方面。qRT-PCR结果表明,8个DEGs(LOC100576395, LOC411983, LOC410235, LOC725581, LOC410527, LOC406131, LOC408453和LOC410253)的表达模式与转录组数据的表达模式一致;2个关键DEGs Amp5cs和CYP9Q3在工蜂各发育阶段均有表达,且在采集蜂中表达量最高;Amp5cs在采集蜂腹、胸、上颚腺和触角中高量表达,P450 9e2在采集蜂触角 和足中表达量显著高于在其他组织中的。【结论】本研究在减小日龄因素干扰下筛选了西方蜜蜂采集蜂上颚腺中22个高表达的DEGs,这些DEGs可能主要参与采集蜂上颚腺生理发育以及能量供应、外源性物质解毒、花蜜转化等代谢通路,进而影响蜜蜂的采集行为。这些结果为西方蜜蜂上颚腺的功能研究提供理论参考,同时也为采集力强的新品种培育奠定了基础。     

Zebrafish eggs used as bioreactors for the production of bioactive tilapia insulin-like growth factors

Multiple advantages-including the short generation time, large numbers of fertilized eggs, low cost of cultivation and easy maintenance favor the use of fish as bioreactors for the production of pharmaceutical proteins. In the present study, zebrafish eggs were used as bioreactors to produce mature tilapia insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) proteins using the oocyte-specific zona pellucida (zp3) promoter. The chimeric expression plasmids, pT2-ZP-tIGFs-IRES-hrGFP, in which hrGFP was used as reporter of tilapia IGFs expression, were designed to established Tg (ZP:tIGFs:hrGFP) transgenic lines for the expression of tilapia IGF-1 and IGF-2. Recombinant tilapia IGF-1 and IGF-2 were expressed as soluble forms in cytoplasm of fertilized eggs. The content level of tilapia IGF-1 and IGF-2 were 6.5 and 5.0% of the soluble protein, respectively. Using a simple Ni–NTA affinity chromatography purification process, 0.58 and 0.49 mg of purified tilapia IGF-1 and IGF-2 were obtained, respectively, from 650 fertilized eggs. The biological activity of the purified tilapia IGF-1 and IGF-2 was confirmed via a colorimetric bioassay to monitor the growth stimulation of zebrafish embryonic cells (ZF4), tilapia ovary cells (TO-2) and human osteosarcoma epithelial cells (U2OS). These results demonstrate that the use of zebrafish eggs as bioreactors is a promising approach for the production of biological recombinant proteins.     

中国跃蛃属(石蛃目,石蛃科)一新种记述

记述采自河南栾川龙浴湾跃蛃属1新种,即Pedetontinus luanchuanensis sp.nov.并修订跃蛃属已知种的检索表。栾川跃蛃,新种Pedetontinus luanchuanensis sp.nov.(图1～28)体长8.5～12.0mm,复眼长/宽为0.84～0.88,中连线/长为0.43～0.48,复眼中缘具浅黄色色斑,阳基侧突为1+5型,阳茎基节/端节为3.0～3.2,阳茎和阳基侧突位于第Ⅸ肢基片的2/3。新种与宋氏跃蛃P.songi Zhang&Li相似,但复眼中连线/长、阳茎基节/端节具明显区别(宋氏跃蛃复眼中连线/长为0.72,宋氏跃蛃P.songi阳茎基节/端节为2.0)。正模♂,编号ZJNUSB040,河南栾川龙浴湾,海拔1045m,2010-08-15,张加勇、李涛采。词源:新种以采集地所在的市命名。