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1.
In a variety of tumour systems, individuals carrying progressively growing neoplasms have lymphoid cells with a specific cytotoxic effect on cultured tumour cells from the same individual1–4. Since the sera of tumour-bearing individuals have been shown to prevent tumour cell destruction by immune lymphocytes in vitro2,5–8 and since this serum blocking activity appears early in primary and transplant tumour development5,7, it has been suggested that the appearance of this serum blocking activity might be responsible for the progressive growth of tumours in individuals having cytotoxic lymphocytes. Counteraction of this blocking activity would thus be of primary importance in facilitating the function of an already existing or bolstered cell-mediated immunity. The serum blocking activity might be inhibited in various ways, by preventing the formation of blocking antibody or by interfering with its action (“unblocking”), as demonstrated in Moloney sarcoma regressor sera9. This type of serum also has a therapeutic effect on Moloney sarcomas in vivo10,11, which has been tentatively attributed to its unblocking activity8,9 or, possibly, to a complement-dependent cytotoxicity10. Tumour growth in the Moloney sarcoma system, however, might be due in part to continuous recruitment of neoplastic cells by virus-induced transformation and so the therapeutic effect could be due to a virus-neutralizing serum activity9,10. 相似文献
2.
Yaoyu Ren Timo Danner Alexandra Moy Martin Finsterbusch Tanner Hamann Jan Dippell Till Fuchs Marius Müller Ricky Hoft André Weber Larry A. Curtiss Peter Zapol Matthew Klenk Anh T. Ngo Pallab Barai Brandon C. Wood Rongpei Shi Liwen F. Wan Tae Wook Heo Martin Engels Jagjit Nanda Felix H. Richter Arnulf Latz Venkat Srinivasan Jürgen Janek Jeff Sakamoto Eric D. Wachsman Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing 《Liver Transplantation》2023,13(1):2201939
The garnet-type phase Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) attracts significant attention as an oxide solid electrolyte to enable safe and robust solid-state batteries (SSBs) with potentially high energy density. However, while significant progress has been made in demonstrating compatibility with Li metal, integrating LLZO into composite cathodes remains a challenge. The current perspective focuses on the critical issues that need to be addressed to achieve the ultimate goal of an all-solid-state LLZO-based battery that delivers safety, durability, and pack-level performance characteristics that are unobtainable with state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. This perspective complements existing reviews of solid/solid interfaces with more emphasis on understanding numerous homo- and heteroionic interfaces in a pure oxide-based SSB and the various phenomena that accompany the evolution of the chemical, electrochemical, structural, morphological, and mechanical properties of those interfaces during processing and operation. Finally, the insights gained from a comprehensive literature survey of LLZO–cathode interfaces are used to guide efforts for the development of LLZO-based SSBs. 相似文献
3.
On the mechanism of ATP-induced shape changes in the human erythrocyte membranes: the role of ATP 下载免费PDF全文
In the preceding paper (Sheetz, M. and S.J. Singer. 1977. J Cell Biol. 73:638-646) it was shown that erythrocyte ghosts undergo pronounced shape changes in the presence of mg-ATP. The biochemical effects of the action of ATP are herein examined. The biochemical effects of the action of ATP are herein examined. Phosphorylation by ATP of spectrin component 2 of the erythrocyte membrane is known to occur. We have shown that it is only membrane protein that is significantly phosphorylated under the conditions where the shape changes are produced. The extent of this phosphorylation rises with increasing ATP concentration, reaching nearly 1 mol phosphoryle group per mole of component 2 at 8mM ATP. Most of this phosphorylation appears to occur at a single site on the protein molecule, according to cyanogen bromide peptide cleavage experiments. The degree of phosphorylation of component 2 is apparently also regulated by a membrane-bound protein phosphatase. This activity can be demonstrated in erythrocyte ghosts prepared from intact cells prelabeled with [(32)P]phosphate. In addition to the phosphorylation of component 2, some phosphorylation of lipids, mainly of phosphatidylinositol, is also known to occur. The ghost shape changes are, however, shown to be correlated with the degree of phosphorylation of component 2. In such experiment, the incorporation of exogenous phosphatases into ghosts reversed the shape changes produced by ATP, or by the membrane-intercalating drug chlorpromazine. The results obtained in this and the preceding paper are consistent with the proposal that the erythrocyte membrane possesses kinase and phosphates activities which produce phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of a specific site on spectrin component 2 molecules; the steady-state level of this phosphorylation regulates the structural state of the spectrin complex on the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane, which in turn exerts an important control on the shape of the cell. 相似文献
4.
14 flavonoids, including flavone and flavonol derivatives, were tested for their anticlastogenic effect against induction of micronuclei by benzo[a]pyrene in polychromatic erythrocytes of mice. When each flavonoid was administered orally, together with intraperitoneally administered benzo[a]pyrene, most flavonol derivatives showed an anticlastogenic effect. The data suggest that the 2,3-double bond and 3,5,7-hydroxyl groups in the flavonoid molecules may be essential to produce anticlastogenic effects against benzo[a]pyrene. Galangin, one of the active compounds, and (-)-epicatechin, a weak one, were administered to mice in order to compare their anticlastogenic effect against 3 different kinds of carcinogens: ethyl methanesulfonate, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, and adriamycin. Galangin showed a stronger anticlastogenic effect than (-)-epicatechin against ethyl methanesulfonate and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. However, there was no significant effect against adriamycin-induced micronuclei by both compounds. Our study indicates that most flavonoids are anticlastogenic agents. Their anticlastogenic effects are apparently independent of their own clastogenic activities. Furthermore, their anticlastogenic activities do not apply universally to all types of genotoxic chemicals. 相似文献
5.
Gold salts and phenylbutazone selectively inhibit the synthesis of PGF2α and PGE2 respectively. Lowered production of one prostaglandin species is accompanied by an increased production of the other. Selective inhibition by these drugs was observed in the presence of adrenaline, reduced glutathione and copper sulphate under conditions when most anti-inflammatory compounds inhibited PGE2 and PGF2α syntheses equally. It is postulated that selective inhibitors may have a different mode of action
and beneficial effects may be related to the endogenous ratio of PGE to PGF required for normal function. 相似文献
6.
7.
Yong Jun Gong Jung Woon Heo Hakji Lee Hyunjin Kim Jinil Cho Seonmi Pyo Heejun Yun Heebae Kim Sang Yoon Park Jeeyoung Yoo Youn Sang Kim 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(27)
Li metal, which has a high theoretical specific capacity and low redox potential, is considered to the most promising anode material for next‐generation Li ion‐based batteries. However, it also exhibits a disadvantageous solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer problem that needs to be resolved. Herein, an advanced separator composed of reduced graphene oxide fiber attached to aramid paper (rGOF‐A) is introduced. When rGOF‐A is applied, F? anions, generated from the decomposition of the LiPF6 electrolyte during the SEI layer formation process form semi‐ionic C? F bonds along the surface of rGOF. As Li+ ions are plated, the “F‐doped” rGO surface induces the formation of LiF, which is known as a component of a chemically stable SEI, therefore it helps the Li metal anode to operate stably at a high current of 20 mA cm?2 with a high capacity of 20 mAh cm?2. The proposed rGOF‐A separator successfully achieves a stable SEI layer that could resolve the interfacial issues of the Li metal anode. 相似文献
8.
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10.
Chunmei Li Eliane Beauregard-Lacroix Christine Kondratev Justine Rousseau Ah Jung Heo Katherine Neas Brett H. Graham Jill A. Rosenfeld Carlos A. Bacino Matias Wagner Maren Wenzel Fuad Al Mutairi Hamad Al Deiab Joseph G. Gleeson Valentina Stanley Maha S. Zaki Yong Tae Kwon Michel R. Leroux Philippe M. Campeau 《American journal of human genetics》2021,108(1):134-147