猕猴精巢发育的研究

本文用54只正常猕猴按齿序分组研究了精巢的发育状况,结果如下: 1.个体发育年龄在第Ⅰ组和第Ⅱ组的所有动物,毫无例外地都没有表现出性细胞的发育——精细管内只有大量的生殖上皮细胞和少量的性原细胞。 2.第Ⅲ组有两种情况:其一,本组初期的6只动物,其精细管内细胞成分仍然和第Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的相似;其二,本组中后期的6只动物其精细管的直径增大,精细管内的生殖上皮细胞已分化,精原细胞数量剧增,有了支持细胞和初级精母细胞(其中仅1只动物还没有精母细胞),支持细胞核基位;甚至其中1只动物的个别精细管内已有了少数精子,这说明精子发生的首要特征在本组后期的1只动物上已开始出现。 3.第Ⅳ组的11只动物中,除了1只动物的精细管内尚未出现精子外,其余10只动物都有了精子发生的各级成分,有了数量不等的精子。 因此,若以齿序为标准来划分雄性猕猴的性成熟阶段,则结果表明,第Ⅳ组初期(即第三臼齿刚出齐后的时期)的绝大多数个体都达到了性成熟的时期,精细管内有了精子。     

蓖麻蚕去氧核糖核酸诱导家蚕遗传变异的初步研究

为了研讨不同科的昆虫之间异源核酸诱导遗传变异的可能性,在继家蚕去氧核糖核酸蛋白(DNP)诱导蓖麻蚕变异的试验获得成功后,我们又进行了用蓖麻蚕DNA和DNP诱导家蚕遗传变异可能性的研究。作为核酸来源(供体)的品系,是白血系统的蓖麻蚕姬蚕品系,该品系的蛾子具黑色复眼,产白色卵;作为受体的家蚕品系是沄文皮斑点,其蛾子具     

RAPD分析在绢丝昆虫亲缘关系研究中的应用Ⅱ.柞蚕品种间的遗传差异

采用RAPD技术,对5个柞蚕品种的遗传差异进行比较研究.结果表明,所采用的40个随机引物中,有27个引物扩增谱带清晰且重复性较好,扩增总片段数253条,单个引物的扩增片段数在4～16之间,片段大小在0.33～3.0kb之间.不同柞蚕品种间的遗传差异较小,遗传距离(D)在0.066～0.1659之间,根据D值,由UPGMA聚类分析软件绘制了它们的分子进化树。 Abstract:Random amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyze the genetic diversity among Antheraea pernyi.The genetic variance of five Antheraea pernyi was studied.The result showed that:27 of 40 arbitrary primers could amplify clear and repeating bands.A total of 262 fragments were obtained.Each primer gave 4~16 bands and the average was 9.7.The length of the band was 0.33~3.0kb.The D value between different breeds of Antheraea pernyi was 0.066~0.1659.The D value was used to construct a dendrogram by UPGMA.     

RAPD分析在绢丝昆虫亲缘关系研究中的应用Ⅰ.蓖麻蚕品种间的遗传差异

用RAPD技术对蓖麻蚕基因组DNA进行多态性研究，分析了5个蓖麻蚕品种间的遗传差异。结果表明，所采用的40个随机引物中，有27个引物扩增谱带清晰且重复性较好，扩增总片段数达243个，单个引物的扩增片段数在4～17之间，平均为9条，片段大小在033～30kb之间。不同蓖麻蚕品种间的遗传距离(Ｄ)在00683～01603之间，根据Ｄ值，由UPGMA聚类分析软件绘制了它们的聚类分子树。     

施氏鲟的核型及DNA含量研究

采用体内注射小牛血清、肾组织细胞短期培养、常见空气干燥法制备了施氏鲟(Acipenser schrencki Brandt)的染色体,并进行了核型分析。施氏鲟二倍体的染色体为238±8条,其核型为78m+12sm+28st,t+120±mc,NF :328±。以外周血红细胞为样本,鸡的红细胞为对照,用美国产的FACStar Plus流式细胞仪测定了施氏鲟二倍体细胞核的DNA含量, 其DNA含量为鸡的5.06倍,绝对含量为11.73±0.68pg/N。 Abstract:Metaphase chromosome specimens of Amur Sturgeon,injected with fetalcalf serum,were prepared from short-term culture of kidney cells with air-drying technique.Its diploid chromosome number is 2n=238±8.Karyotype consists of 78m+12sm+28st,t+120±mc,NF:328±.Diploid nucleus DNA content was measured from the peripheral erythrocytes,using flow cytometer(FACStar Pus,made in USA)and erythrocytes of chick(Gallus sp)as internal standard.DNA content of the fish is 11.73±0.68pg/N and the ratio to that of chickens is 5.06.     

Genetic basis and biotechnological manipulation of sexual dimorphism and sex determination in fish

Aquaculture has made an enormous contribution to the world food production,especially to the sustainable supply of animal proteins.The utility of diverse reproduction strategies in fish,such as the exploiting use of unisexual gynogenesis,has created a typical case of fish genetic breeding.A number of fish species show substantial sexual dimorphism that is closely linked to multiple economic traits including growth rate and body size,and the efficient development of sex-linked genetic markers and sex control biotechnologies has provided significant approaches to increase the production and value for commercial purposes.Along with the rapid development of genomics and molecular genetic techniques,the genetic basis of sexual dimorphism has been gradually deciphered,and great progress has been made in the mechanisms of fish sex determination and identification of sex-determining genes.This review summarizes the progress to provide some directive and objective thinking for further research in this field.     

Virus genomes and virus-host interactions in aquaculture animals

Over the last 30 years,aquaculture has become the fastest growing form of agriculture production in the world,but its development has been hampered by a diverse range of pathogenic viruses.During the last decade,a large number of viruses from aquatic animals have been identified,and more than 100 viral genomes have been sequenced and genetically characterized.These advances are leading to better understanding about antiviral mechanisms and the types of interaction occurring between aquatic viruses and their hosts.Here,based on our research experience of more than 20 years,we review the wealth of genetic and genomic information from studies on a diverse range of aquatic viruses,including iridoviruses,herpesviruses,reoviruses,and rhabdoviruses,and outline some major advances in our understanding of virus–host interactions in animals used in aquaculture.     

条纹斑竹鲨线粒体DNA的研究

用6种限制性内切酶分析了4条条纹斑竹鲨的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)。PstⅠ、Hpa Ⅰ、XbaⅠ、EcoRⅠ、EcoRⅤ、BglⅡ在条纹斑竹鲨mtDNA分子上分别具有0至2个切点, mtDNA分子大小为16.6kb,根据单酶和双酶完全酶解片段的大小,构建了条纹斑竹鲨mtDNA 的限制性酶切图谱。 Abstract:Mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)form 4 samples of Chiloscyllium plagiosum was analyzed by 6 kinds of restriction.The number of cleavage sites were as follow:2 for HpaI,XbaI and EcoRI respectively;1 for BglII and EcoRV respectively;None for PstI.Molecular size of mtDNA was found to be 16.6kb.According to analysis of single and double enzyme cleavage,the map of restriction enzyme was constructed.     

激光辐照蓖麻蚕的效应探讨

本文采用不同激光波长和不同形式的激光照射蓖麻蚕蚕卵,观察蚕卵的孵化率;蚕血液的酯酶同工酶、血清蛋白、染色体等在激光照射前后的变异情况。     

家蚕去氧核糖核酸诱导蓖麻蚕遗传变异的初步研究

在真核生物中,异源核酸诱导遗传变异问题,二十年来引起了人们很大的兴趣和不断的研究。1958年,我们曾经将从蓖麻蚕蛹上制备的核碎片,注入到一化性的家蚕三龄幼虫体内,看到了受体的化性性状发生了变化,即原来的不再孵化了的卵又孵化出了蚁蚕,而且变化还可以表现于后代。本文报告的是我们近年来在核酸诱变研究方面所得到的一些试验结果。