Plant Sources of Chinese Herbal Remedies: Effects on Pratylenchus vulnus and Meloidogyne javanica

More than 500 plant species, used alone or in combination, are documented in Chinese traditional medicine to have activity against helminth and micro-invertebrate pests of humans. We subjected 153 candidate medicines or their plant sources to multilevel screening for effectiveness against plant-parasitic nematodes. For extracts effective in preliminary screens, we determined time-course and concentration-response relationships. Seventy-three of the aqueous extracts of medicines or their plant sources killed either Meloidogyne javanica juveniles or Pratylenchus vulnus (mixed stages), or both, within a 24-hour exposure period. Of 64 remedies reported as antihelminthics, 36 were effective; of 21 classi- fied as purgatives, 13 killed the nematodes; of 29 indicated as generally effective against pests, 13 killed the nematodes. Sources of extracts effective against one or both species of plant-parasitic nematodes are either the whole plant or vegetative, storage or reproductive components of the plants. Effective plants include both annuals and perennials, range from grasses and herbs to woody trees, and represent 46 plant families.     

我国西北地区康复治疗师的现状调查及分析

目的:调查我国西北地区康复治疗师的现状,为规范康复治疗师培养的改革提供依据。方法:采用抽样调查的方法,向西北五个省区部分康复医疗单位发放调查问卷共200份,由单位负责人填写,调查内容包括该单位康复治疗师的数量、专业、学历、从业时间、职称、持证情况和对培训的需求情况等,填写完成后进行数据统计分析。结果:康复治疗师中从事神经康复方向的治疗师比例最高,约为45.04%。大部分的治疗师从业时间都在5年以内,从业时间大于5年的比例只占13.68%。77.60%的治疗师为医学相关专业毕业,多数治疗师为本科以下学历,硕士和博士学历仅占0.48%,而获得康复治疗师资格证书的人员比例仅为39.35%。治疗师的职称也大多为初、中级(92.49%),高级职称治疗师仅占7.51%,78.81%的治疗师希望得到高水平的培训或进修。结论:西北地区康复治疗师整体从业时间较短,学历较低,缺乏高职称的治疗师,康复治疗师人才队伍培养体系亟待改善。     

南方丘陵区生态水资源库脆弱度评价——以湖南省为例

以南方生态水资源库为研究对象,提出生态水资源库脆弱性概念,分析了其脆弱性成因和主要表现.从脆弱性成因角度构建了包含10个具体指标的南方丘陵区生态水资源库脆弱性评价指标体系.以湖南为研究案例,运用模糊物元评价模型对85个县级评价单元的生态水资源库脆弱度进行综合评判.结果表明,全省生态水资源库脆弱性等级以中等脆弱为主,其中,微脆弱等级3个,占总评价单元的3.5%,中等脆弱等级70个,占总评价单元的82.4%,强脆弱12个,占总评价单元的14.1%.脆弱度空间分布存在"西部大于东部,南部大于北部"的总体分布态势.其中,以湘西北、湘西南和湘南所构成的外部环形地带和以长沙、衡邵盆地为中心的中东部地带为全省两个比较明显的高脆弱区(带).     

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in China

Thirty strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis were isolated from rabbits (17 strains), wild rats (9 strains) and house rats (4 strains) in China between 1990 and 1993. The biochemical properties of these isolates were identical with those of Y. pseudotuberculosis and no special characteristics were found in these strains. Serologically, serogroups 4b and 5b were identical to isolates found in Japan, and a new serogroup 1c and unclassified strains have also been detected. The existence of virulence-associated properties were different among strains. The pYV plasmid was detected from 6 strains of 30 isolates. This report documents the presence of Y. pseudotuberculosis in China, providing important epidemiological information.     

中国西南喀斯特植物群落演替特征及驱动机制

植被恢复是西南喀斯特石漠化治理和生态重建的关键步骤。通过总结已有的结果和分析中国科学院环江喀斯特试验站部分试验数据,研究了西南喀斯特植被演替过程中群落的动态特征,结果发现:西南喀斯特沿北、中、南亚热带至北热带的海拔递减、气温和降雨量升高的梯度格局下,群落的高度、盖度增加,密度、科属种数量和物种多样性呈递减趋势;不同区域沿草丛、灌丛、灌乔丛、乔丛的顺向演替方向上,群落的高度、盖度增加、密度减小,科属种数量及物种多样性除北亚热带持续增加外,其他3个区域的最大值均出现在灌乔丛,乔丛反而有所下降;西南喀斯特植被演替是生物驱动因素与环境阻力相互作用的结果,不同区域不同演替阶段植被演替的建群种和关键种不同,其植物群落的稳定性受多样性和结构性的共同控制,因地质和生态环境恶劣,植被退化容易恢复难,充分理解和认识植被演替规律对西南喀斯特植被恢复和生态重建意义重大。     

Positive Promoting Effects of Smilax China Flower Absolute on the Wound Healing/Skin Barrier Repair-Related Responses of HaCaT Human Skin Keratinocytes

Smilax china (SC) has pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory activity, but its effects on skin wound healing and skin barrier function have not been investigated. Here, we investigated the effects of absolute extracted from SC flowers (SCF) on skin wound healing-linked responses and functional skin barrier proteins using human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). SCF absolute contained 20 components and was non-toxic to HaCaT cells. The absolute increased the proliferation, migration, and sprout outgrowth of HaCaT cells, and enhanced the activations of serine/threonine-specific protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2. In addition, it increased the syntheses of type I and IV collagens and the expressions of skin barrier proteins (filaggrin and loricrin). These results indicate SCF absolute may has positive effects on skin wound healing by accelerating keratinocyte migration and proliferation activities and collagen synthesis, and on skin barrier function by upregulating barrier proteins in keratinocytes. We suggest SCF absolute to be considered as a potential means of promoting skin wound and barrier repair.     

Changes in satellite‐derived spring vegetation green‐up date and its linkage to climate in China from 1982 to 2010: a multimethod analysis

The change in spring phenology is recognized to exert a major influence on carbon balance dynamics in temperate ecosystems. Over the past several decades, several studies focused on shifts in spring phenology; however, large uncertainties still exist, and one understudied source could be the method implemented in retrieving satellite‐derived spring phenology. To account for this potential uncertainty, we conducted a multimethod investigation to quantify changes in vegetation green‐up date from 1982 to 2010 over temperate China, and to characterize climatic controls on spring phenology. Over temperate China, the five methods estimated that the vegetation green‐up onset date advanced, on average, at a rate of 1.3 ± 0.6 days per decade (ranging from 0.4 to 1.9 days per decade) over the last 29 years. Moreover, the sign of the trends in vegetation green‐up date derived from the five methods were broadly consistent spatially and for different vegetation types, but with large differences in the magnitude of the trend. The large intermethod variance was notably observed in arid and semiarid vegetation types. Our results also showed that change in vegetation green‐up date is more closely correlated with temperature than with precipitation. However, the temperature sensitivity of spring vegetation green‐up date became higher as precipitation increased, implying that precipitation is an important regulator of the response of vegetation spring phenology to change in temperature. This intricate linkage between spring phenology and precipitation must be taken into account in current phenological models which are mostly driven by temperature.     

芭蕉芋的性质及其淀粉的工业应用研究

芭蕉芋在贵州、云南、广西等省有广泛生长,块茎含有大约60％的淀粉,对于芭蕉芋淀粉的性质以及芭蕉芋原料酒精发酵的效果进行了试验,分析研究结果表明芭蕉芋可以作为发酵制备磷酸甘油、酒精等生产的可再生生物原料,为西部地区芭蕉芋作物的开发和深加工利用提供了依据。     

Seroepidemiological Survey of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus in Wild House Mice in China with Particular Reference to Their Subspecies

Serum samples from 337 wild house mice (Mus musculus) from 35 sites in China, collected in 1992 and 1993, were examined for antibodies against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Ten samples from eight sites were found to contain such antibodies. Six of the eight positive sites were located in the territory of M. m. gansuensis. One of the other two sites was located in the territory of M. m. castaneus in southern China and the other site was in a habitat of M. m. castaneus which had invaded into the western end of the territory of M. m. homourus. It seems likely that LCMV is distributed in the territories of M. m. gansuensis and M. m. castaneus in China. This is the first report of detection of these antibodies in wild house mice in China and specifically in the territories of M. m. gansuensis and M. m. castaneus.