The role of SIRT2 in vascular-related and heart-related diseases: A review

At present, cardiovascular disease is one of the important factors of human death, and there are many kinds of proteins involved. Sirtuins family proteins are involved in various physiological and pathological activities of the human body. Among them, there are more and more studies on the relationship between sirtuin2 (SIRT2) protein and cardiovascular diseases. SIRT2 can effectively inhibit pathological cardiac hypertrophy. The effect of SIRT2 on ischaemia-reperfusion injury has different effects under different conditions. SIRT2 can reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may help to reduce the severity of diabetic cardiomyopathy. SIRT2 can affect a variety of cardiovascular diseases, energy metabolism and the ageing of cardiomyocytes, thereby affecting heart failure. SIRT2 also plays an important role in vascular disease. For endothelial cell damage used by oxidative stress, the role of SIRT2 is bidirectional, which is related to the degree of oxidative stress stimulation. When the degree of stimulation is small, SIRT2 plays a protective role, and when the degree of stimulation increases to a certain level, SIRT2 plays a negative role. In addition, SIRT2 is also involved in the remodelling of blood vessels and the repair of skin damage.     

基于RAD测序技术的黄绿卷毛菇(Floccularia luteovirens)微卫星引物的开发

黄绿卷毛菇(Floccularia luteovirens)是广泛分布于青藏高原高寒草甸的一种重要的可食用的菌根真菌。先前的研究利用EST-SSR引物已经对该物种的遗传多样性及群落结构进行了研究,但研究表明EST-SSR位点多态性较低,因此想要进一步探讨形成现有遗传分布格局的机制(该物种小尺度空间范围内基株的密度及大小)需要重新开发具有更高多态性的基于核基因的微卫星位点。本研究利用RAD测序技术使用直接测序分析的方法重新开发了12对具有多态性的引物。测序结果去接头拼装后共获得46 036条重叠群。在这些序列当中共扫描到342条含有重复单元的序列,在这当中70.47%为三碱基重复(241),8.19%为二碱基重复(28)。随机选取48对检测,12对具有多态性且测序结果良好,基于3个居群63个个体的遗传多样性研究显示,所有样品中共获得60个单倍型,每个位点的单倍型数量介于2 (GSSR26L)至9 (GSSR7L,GSSR11L)之间。Gst值介于-0.03(GSSR46L)至0.28(GSSR6L)之间、Fst值介于-0.03(GSSR33L)至0.42(GSSR6L)之间。在引物GSSR47L扩增测序中发现,其扩增出的片段不仅具有重复单元数量的变化,重复单元本身也存在突变的现象,这是之前使用聚丙烯凝胶电泳所检测不到的。本研究获得的微卫星引物将为接下来小尺度空间下研究黄绿卷毛菇基株的密度、大小及动态变化提供有力的支持。     

Effects of wildfire on soil respiration and its heterotrophic and autotrophic components in a montane coniferous forest

Aims Episodic wildfires are expected to occur more frequently under future climate change scenarios, with substantial effects on CO₂exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. This study examined the effects of wildfire on soil respiration (R_S) and its heterotrophic (R_H) and autotrophic (R_A) components, as well as their temperature responses (temperature sensitivity,Q₁₀).     

Synthesis of novel dihydrotriazine derivatives bearing 1,3-diaryl pyrazole moieties as potential antibacterial agents

Three novel series of dihydrotriazine derivatives bearing 1,3-diaryl pyrazole moieties were designed, synthesized and evaluated in terms of their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Most of the synthesized compounds showed potent inhibition of several Gram-positive bacterial strains (including multidrug-resistant clinical isolates) and Gram-negative bacterial strains with minimum inhibitory concentration values in the range of 1–64?µg/mL. Compounds 4b and 4c presented the most potent inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus 4220, MRSA 3167, QRSA 3519) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli 1924), with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 1 or 2?µg/mL. Compared with previous studies, these compounds exhibited a broad spectrum of inhibitory activity. The cytotoxic activity of the compounds 4a, 4b, 4c and 11n were assessed in L02 cells. In vitro enzyme study implied that compound 4c exerted its antibacterial activity through DHFR inhibition.     

Discovery of 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole derivatives containing rhodanine-3-alkanoic acid groups as potential PTP1B inhibitors

Two series of 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole derivatives containing rhodanine-3-alkanoic acid groups were identified as competitive protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors. Among the compounds studied, IIIv was found to have the best in vitro inhibition activity against PTP1B (IC₅₀?=?0.67?±?0.09?µM) and the best selectivity (9-fold) between PTP1B and T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP). Molecular docking studies demonstrated that compounds IIIm, IIIv and IVg could occupy simultaneously at both the catalytic site and the adjacent pTyr binding site. These results provide novel lead compounds for the design of inhibitors of PTP1B as well as other PTPs.     

Resolving Cell Fate Decisions during Somatic Cell Reprogramming by Single-Cell RNA-Seq

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Antibacterial mechanisms of Orostachys cartilaginous cell cultures: effect on cell permeability and respiratory metabolism of Bacillus subtilis

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - Orostachys cartilaginous of Crassulaceae family is a plant native to the Changbai Mountain area, China. Although O. cartilaginous has various...     

强化玉米饮食对小鼠肠道菌群结构和功能的影响

【目的】采用高通量测序方法研究强化玉米饮食对小鼠肠道菌群结构的影响以及可提高宿主糖代谢相关菌群功能基因的分析。【方法】分别给予两组小鼠(各10只)常规饮食和强化玉米饮食(1/4的玉米粉加3/4的常规饮食成分),喂养10周,之后采集小鼠粪便样本,提取DNA,使用高通量测序仪进行宏基因组测序分析,比较两组小鼠肠道菌群和功能基因的差异。【结果】两组小鼠的终末体重没有明显差异。各样本DNA的测序有效率足够,肠道菌群的多样性存在一定差异。属放线菌门(Actinobacteria)的双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteriales)-B.pseudolongum分支和Coriobacteriia-Collinsella/Enterorhabdus分支的丰度在强化玉米饮食组的小鼠中显著升高,相应的宏基因组中涉及糖酵解和胆汁酸合成的一些酶和功能单元的含量也在强化玉米饮食组显著升高。【结论】强化玉米饮食可以提高肠道菌群中双歧杆菌等益生菌的丰度,增加宏基因组糖脂代谢相关基因和通路的含量,从而可能促进宿主的糖代谢功能。     

MODIS Based Estimation of Forest Aboveground Biomass in China

Accurate estimation of forest biomass C stock is essential to understand carbon cycles. However, current estimates of Chinese forest biomass are mostly based on inventory-based timber volumes and empirical conversion factors at the provincial scale, which could introduce large uncertainties in forest biomass estimation. Here we provide a data-driven estimate of Chinese forest aboveground biomass from 2001 to 2013 at a spatial resolution of 1 km by integrating a recently reviewed plot-level ground-measured forest aboveground biomass database with geospatial information from 1-km Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) dataset in a machine learning algorithm (the model tree ensemble, MTE). We show that Chinese forest aboveground biomass is 8.56 Pg C, which is mainly contributed by evergreen needle-leaf forests and deciduous broadleaf forests. The mean forest aboveground biomass density is 56.1 Mg C ha⁻¹, with high values observed in temperate humid regions. The responses of forest aboveground biomass density to mean annual temperature are closely tied to water conditions; that is, negative responses dominate regions with mean annual precipitation less than 1300 mm y⁻¹ and positive responses prevail in regions with mean annual precipitation higher than 2800 mm y⁻¹. During the 2000s, the forests in China sequestered C by 61.9 Tg C y⁻¹, and this C sink is mainly distributed in north China and may be attributed to warming climate, rising CO₂ concentration, N deposition, and growth of young forests.     

Angelica gigas Nakai and Soluplus-Based Solid Formulations Prepared by Hot-Melting Extrusion: Oral Absorption Enhancing and Memory Ameliorating Effects

Oral solid formulations based on Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) and Soluplus were prepared by the hot-melting extrusion (HME) method. AGN was pulverized into coarse and ultrafine particles, and their particle size and morphology were investigated. Ultrafine AGN particles were used in the HME process with high shear to produce AGN-based formulations. In simulated gastrointestinal fluids (pH 1.2 and pH 6.8) and water, significantly higher amounts of the major active components of AGN, decursin (D) and decursinol angelate (DA), were extracted from the HME-processed AGN/Soluplus (F8) group than the AGN EtOH extract (ext) group (p < 0.05). Based on an in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats, the relative oral bioavailability of decursinol (DOH), a hepatic metabolite of D and DA, in F8-administered mice was 8.75-fold higher than in AGN EtOH ext-treated group. In scopolamine-induced memory-impaired mice, F8 exhibited a more potent cognitive enhancing effect than AGN EtOH ext in both a Morris water maze test and a passive avoidance test. These findings suggest that HME-processed AGN/Soluplus formulation (F8) could be a promising therapeutic candidate for memory impairment.