Cauliflower mosaic virus gene VI causes growth suppression, development of necrotic spots and expression of defence-related genes in transgenic tobacco plants

Summary In order to study possible functions of the inclusion body matrix protein (IBMP) encoded by gene VI of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), the XbaI fragment containing the gene VI of a Japanese strain of CaMV (CaMV S-Japan) was transferred to tobacco plants by Ti mediated transformation. Eight out of 18 kanamycin resistant plants (40%) expressed detectable levels of IBMP. Those transgenic plants expressing IBMP produced leaves with light green color, and their growth was suppressed as compared with control plants. Symptom-like necrotic spots also appeared on the leaves and stems of the mature transgenic plants. Furthermore, in these transgenic plants, pathogenesis-related proteins 1a, 1b and 1c were highly expressed and the activity of 1,3--glucanase was increased up to eightfold. From these results, we concluded that expression of the IBMP is associated with symptom development.     

Microbial responses to salt-induced osmotic stress

Summary Soil columns were exposed to balanced (low Na⁺) or unbalanced (high Na⁺) high-salt solutions for a period of 7 days followed by 7 days of stress reflief. Total numbers of bacteria released into the perfusates rose under both types of stress, but the proportion of displaced bacteria that were viable fell significantly. Relief from both types of stress stimulated rapid increases in the number of viable micro-organisms released from soil. Examination of the soils at the end of the relief periods revealed that soils exposed to stress contained more viable bacteria than the non-stressed controls. However, high levels of balanced stress led to a significant decrease in species diversity within the microbial population, but a similar effect was not observed in soils exposed to unbalanced, high Na⁺ stress. These results suggest that, while salt stress may cause a significant reduction in the number of microorganisms in a soil, a large portion of the microbial population can rapidly adapt to marked changes in salinity.     

证候空间和方剂空间的数学结构

本文考察了中医理、法、方、药原理,给出了证候空间和方剂空间的数学结构,以利于中医现代化和中医临床中应用电子计算机诊疗技术。     

大肠癌患者尊严受损的影响因素及与症状群和生活质量的关系分析

摘要 目的：探讨大肠癌患者尊严受损的影响因素,并分析其与症状群和生活质量的关系。方法：纳入我院2018年6月～2020年4月收治的大肠癌患者110例,经患者尊严量表（PDI）评估尊严受损情况,并据此分成受损组（PDI＞50分）和未受损组（PDI≤50分）,经单因素和Logistic多元回归模型分析患者尊严受损的影响因素。利用安德森症状评估量表评估两组患者的症状,提取主因子分析症状群变化,采用简明生活质量量表（SF-36）评估两组生活质量并进行比较。结果：在110例患者中,尊严受损发生率为29.09%。受损组独立性、症状困扰、社会支持、生存困扰、平和心态评分及PDI总分高于未受损组（P＜0.05）。Logistic多元回归分析提示,患者临床分期Ⅳ期（OR=2.577,95%CI：1.385-4.795）、文化程度小学及以下（OR=2.996,95%CI：1.395-6.434）、家庭月收入<1000元（OR=2.068,95%CI：1.316-3.250）、肿瘤转移（OR=3.412,95%CI：1.498-7.772）、病程≥12个月（OR=3.898,95%CI：1.425-10.663）是大肠癌患者尊严受损的影响因素（P＜0.05）。受损组核心症状、症状对正常生活干扰程度评分及总分高于未受损组,但受损组躯体功能、躯体疼痛、躯体角色功能、心理健康、情绪角色功能、总体健康评分低于未受损组（P＜0.05）。结论：大肠癌患者尊严受损发生率较高,且与多种因素有关,尊严受损者的症状群明显加重,生活质量下降。     

利伐沙班与低分子肝素对老年AECOPD患者症状缓解、血气分析指标及凝血功能的影响

目的:探讨利伐沙班与低分子肝素对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者症状缓解、血气分析指标及凝血功能的影响。方法:选取2016年8月~2019年11月期间我院收治的老年AECOPD患者72例,按照抽签法分为对照组(n=36,低分子肝素治疗)和研究组(n=36,利伐沙班治疗),对比两组疗效、症状缓解、血气分析指标及凝血功能,记录治疗期间不良反应情况。结果:研究组治疗10d后总有效率较对照组高(P<0.05)。两组咳嗽、咳痰、发热、呼吸困难症状缓解时间对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗10d后两组氧分压(PaO₂)、氧饱和度(SaO₂)升高,二氧化碳分压(PaCO₂)降低(P<0.05),研究组治疗10d后PaO₂、SaO₂较对照组高,PaCO₂低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗10d后两组纤维蛋白原(Fib)升高,D-二聚体(D-D)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)均降低(P<0.05),治疗10d后研究组D-D低于对照组(P<0.05),治疗10d后两组Fib、APTT、TT、PT组间比较无差异(P>0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论:老年AECOPD患者采用利伐沙班与低分子肝素治疗,均可改善患者临床症状且安全性较好,但采用利伐沙班治疗者疗效更好,血气分析指标及凝血功能改善更佳。     

The relationship between the presence of ADHD and certain candidate gene polymorphisms in a Turkish sample

Due to the high heritability of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), parents of children with ADHD appear to represent a good sample group for investigating the genetics of the disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between ADHD and six polymorphisms in five candidate genes [5-HT2A (rs6311), NET1 (rs2242447), COMT (rs4818), NTF3 (rs6332), SNAP-25 (rs3746544) and (rs1051312)]. We included 228 parents of children diagnosed with ADHD and 109 healthy parents as the control group. The polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays and analyzed using the chi-square test and the multinomial logit model. SNAP-25 (rs3746544) polymorphism was associated with loading for ADHD, while 5-HT2A (rs6311) and NET1 (rs2242447) polymorphisms were associated with ADHD. On the other hand, there was no significant association between the SNAP-25 (rs1051312), NTF3 (rs6332), or COMT (rs4818) gene polymorphisms and ADHD.     

Interannual variation in rainfall,drought stress and seedling mortality may mediate monodominance in tropical flooded forests

Flood tolerance is commonly regarded as the main factor explaining low diversity and monodominance in tropical swamps. In this study we examined seedling mortality in relation to seasonality, i.e., flooding versus drought, of the dominant tree species (Prioria copaifera), and three associated species (Pterocarpus officinalis, Carapa guianensis and Pentaclethra macroloba), in seasonally flooded forests (SFF) in Darien, Panama. Seedling mortality differed among species, years and seasons. Prioria seedlings experienced the lowest overall mortality, and after 3 years many more Prioria seedlings remained alive than those of any of the associated species. In general, within species, larger seedlings had greater survival. Seed size, which can vary by close to 2 orders of magnitude in Prioria, had a confounding effect with that of topography. Large-seeded Prioria seedlings experienced 1.5 times greater mortality than small-seeded seedlings, as large-seeded Prioria seedlings were more likely to be located in depressions. This finding suggests that seed size, plant size and topography are important in understanding SFF regeneration. For all species, seedling mortality was consistently greater during the dry season than during flooding. For Prioria, dry season seedling mortality was correlated with drought stress, that is, high mortality during the long El Niño dry season of 1998 and the normal dry season of 2000, but very low dry season mortality during the mild dry season of 1999. Prioria’s ability to dominate in seasonally flooded forest of Central America is partly explained by its low drought-related mortality in comparison to associated species.     

Response of photosynthetic machinery of field-grown kiwifruit under Mediterranean conditions during drought and re-watering

Groups of Actinidia deliciosa A. Chev. C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson var. deliciosa kiwifruit plants were subjected to soil water shortage (D), while other groups were well irrigated (I). Variations in chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence indices and leaf gas exchange were determined once plants were severely stressed (25 d after the beginning of the D-cycle). Daily maximum values of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) were ca. 1 650 μmol(photon) m⁻² s⁻¹, while air temperatures peaked at 34.6 °C. High irradiance per se did not greatly affect the efficiency of photosystem (PS) 2, but predisposed its synergistic reduction by D co-occurrence. Fluorescence showed transient photodamage of PS2 with a complete recovery in the afternoon in both D and I plants. Upon re-watering the efficiency of PS2 was suboptimal (95 %) at day 2 after irrigation was reinitiated. At early morning of the day 5 of re-watering, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance recovered at about 95 and 80 % of I vines, respectively, indicating some after-stress effect on stomatal aperture. Once excessive photons reached PS2, the thermal dissipation of surplus excitation energy was the main strategy to save the photosynthetic apparatus and to optimize carbon fixation. The rather prompt recovery of both Chl a fluorescence indices and net photosynthetic rate during re-watering indicated that kiwifruit photosynthetic apparatus is prepared to cope with temporary water shortage under Mediterranean-type-climates.