耐药菌感染的噬菌体治疗专利技术

耐药菌,尤其是多重耐药菌的出现和持续进化给人类健康带来了巨大的威胁。在抗生素逐渐失去特效作用的情况下,科学界和医药界又把眼光重新投向了抗菌的天然生物-噬菌体,并在一些研究中证明了噬菌体可以作为新的武器去替代抗生素治疗耐药菌感染。通过对噬菌体治疗及衍生的裂解酶治疗的世界专利申请进行统计及分析,获得了专利发展趋势、申请人分布特点及主要专利申请人等信息,详细分析了噬菌体及裂解酶治疗的主要专利技术路线和研发热点。     

The distribution and ultrastructure of sensory elements in the baroreceptor region of the truncus arteriosus of the lizard Trachydosaums rugosus

Summary The proximal truncus arteriosus of the lizard Trachydosaurus rugosus was studied with light-, fluorescence and electron-microscopical techniques. Three vessels comprised the truncus: the pulmonary, left aortic, and caroticoaortic arteries. Right and left truncal nerves, each derived from the ipsilateral vagus nerve, innervated the truncus, particularly its proximal 3 mm.Ultrastructurally, the nerves had a variety of appearances: some were clearly adrenergic, c-type or p-type. A number of profiles contained large numbers of mitochondria and were classified as sensory. Some profiles defied exact classification, having characteristics common to two different types of profile.Within the outer medial layers, profiles up to 7 m in diameter were found. These contained large numbers of mitochondria, myelin bodies and structures intermediate between the two. In addition, the profiles contained large amounts of glycogen and small numbers of vesicles. These nerve fibres were classified as baroreceptors, since they closely resemble carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreceptors in mammals.Large numbers of chromaffin cells were found, particularly in the common wall of the pulmonary and left aortic arteries. Many of these cells emitted a long tapering process, which sometimes entered a nearby nerve bundle. Sensory, p-type and c-type profiles, but not adrenergic profiles, made extensive close contacts with chromaffin cells.     

微生物燃料电池发展态势分析

随着世界经济的高速发展和人口的不断增长,能源短缺和环境污染问题日益成为制约发展的瓶颈。微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)能将污染物中蕴含的化学能直接转化为电能,实现同步污水处理和电能回收,是一种极具前景的可持续污水处理技术。同时,MFC在污泥处理、生物修复、环境监测、海水淡化等方面也展示了诱人的前景。基于科睿唯安Web of Science数据库和德温特专利检索分析平台(Derwent Innovation, DI),对MFC领域1990~2018年的论文和专利数据进行统计分析,得出全球MFC领域的发展趋势、国际分布、研发热点和技术格局。在此基础上,对未来MFC领域的发展做出了展望,对中国MFC产业化发展提出了思考和建议。     

全球冠状病毒疫苗专利分析

冠状病毒是一类可感染人类和动物的RNA病毒,可引起严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)和中东呼吸综合征(MERS)等严重疾病。新型冠状病毒是以前从未在人体中发现的冠状病毒新毒株,其人际传播迅速,引起了各国政府的高度重视并积极寻求疫苗防控对策。基于冠状病毒疫苗领域全景专利,在综合对比分析该领域的全部专利的发展趋势、主要国家和主要机构的专利产出的同时,重点揭示了其中的人用相关疫苗的发展与分布情况以及重点分析了人用疫苗产品的研发现状,以期为我国冠状病毒疫苗领域的科研工作者和管理决策者提供参考数据。     

埃博拉病毒检测与防治技术在中国的专利申请状况分析

近年来,埃博拉病毒(EBOV)因其在非洲造成的严峻疫情而引起了广泛关注。本文对涉及埃博拉病毒检测与防治技术方面的在中国申请的国内外专利申请数量、年代分布、技术发展状况等信息进行分析,对国内埃博拉病毒检测、免疫、治疗相关专利技术进行简要总结,并对目前热点关注药物(jk-05,ZMapp,VSV-EBOV)专利申请信息进行比较概括,结果表明,我国申请人在提出的相关专利申请数量以及技术多样性上与国外申请人存在差距,为国内科研人员提供了相关技术领域参考。     

基于专利信息分析的中国3D生物打印技术发展与产业化研究*

目的:基于专利信息对我国3D生物打印技术的发展态势进行分析。方法:本文基于incopat和TDA两大专利分析平台对中国3D生物打印的专利发展态势从专利统计分析与专利计量分析两个维度进行了跨库组合分析,总结了我国3D生物打印技术的专利前沿动态特征。结果:研究发现,中国3D生物打印技术从2013年起进入专利激增态势,中国作为潜在技术市场的国际竞争日趋激烈,本文还从专利申请人、技术领域分布、专利文本关键词聚类、专利价值、专利合作等方面进行了深度挖掘分析。结论:最后,结合对中国3D生物打印专利申请人的专利产业化案例深度分析与专利特征总结,为中国3D生物打印技术发展与产业化提供参考建议。     

基于专利分析的生物传感器发展态势研究*

生物传感器将固定化的生物敏感材料作为识别元件,具有体积小、专一性强、响应快、准确度高等特点,市场应用前景广阔。近年来,生物传感器技术发展迅速,研究成果不断涌现。为更好地了解我国生物传感器研究现状,进一步促进生物传感器行业健康快速发展,基于IncoPat专利数据库,利用ITGinsight作为文献分析工具,对全球范围内生物传感器领域的总体研究态势、区域布局、技术构成及研究热点等方面进行专利分析,并对核心专利进行识别。结果表明,我国生物传感器领域的专利数量排在世界前列,但科研实力存在区域分布不均衡、企业研发实力不强、关键核心技术不足等问题。针对这些问题,提出我国生物传感器技术的未来发展策略。     

Proteomic signatures of serum albumin-bound proteins from stroke patients with and without endovascular closure of PFO are significantly different and suggest a novel mechanism for cholesterol efflux

Background

The anatomy of PFO suggests that it can allow thrombi and potentially harmful circulatory factors to travel directly from the venous to the arterial circulation – altering circulatory phenotype. Our previous publication using high-resolution LC-MS/MS to profile protein and peptide expression patterns in plasma showed that albumin was relatively increased in donor samples from PFO-related than other types of ischemic strokes. Since albumin binds a host of molecules and acts as a carrier for lipoproteins, small molecules and drugs, we decided to investigate the albumin-bound proteins (in a similar sample cohort) in an effort to unravel biological changes and potentially discover biomarkers related to PFO-related stroke and PFO endovascular closure.

Methods

The method used in this study combined albumin immuno-enrichment with high resolution LC-MS in order to specifically capture and quantify the albumin-bound proteins. Subsequently, we measured cholesterol and HDL in a larger, separate cohort of PFO stroke patients, pre and post closure.

Results

The results demonstrated that a number of proteins were specifically associated with albumin in samples with and without endovascular closure of the PFO, and that the protein profiles were very different. Eight proteins, typically associated with HDL were common to both sample sets and quantitatively differently abundant. Pathway analysis of the MS results suggested that enhanced cholesterol efflux and reduced lipid oxidation were associated with PFO closure. Measurement of total cholesterol and HDL in a larger cohort of PFO closure samples using a colorimetric assay was consistent with the proteomic predictions.

Conclusions

The collective data presented in this study demonstrate that analysis of albumin-bound proteins could provide a valuable tool for biomarker discovery on the effects of PFO endovascular closure. In addition, the results suggest that PFO endovascular closure can potentially have effects on HDL, cholesterol and albumin-bound ApoA-I abundance, therefore possibly providing benefits in cardioprotective functions.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1559-0275-12-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

抗草甘膦EPSPS基因的专利保护分析

抗草甘膦转基因作物是目前全球播种面积最大的转基因作物,抗草甘膦基因（EPSPS）的克隆、表达及其功能验证等也因此成为现代分子生物育种研究的重点,利用专利等知识产权保护措施将这些功能基因和转化技术转变成自己的独占产权是发达国家和生物技术公司普遍采取的发展策略。通过检索搜集全球范围内EPSPS基因的专利和转化品系信息,分析研究了EPSPS基因在全球的专利保护、核心技术专利分布与产业化运用状况。结果表明,近几年对EPSPS的专利申请量迅速增加,专利申请人主要集中在美国、法国、中国等国家,但是核心技术和产业化应用的绝大部分专利由孟山都、拜耳、先锋、先正达等跨国公司拥有,相关产业的发展主动权也由此被其掌控。