去卵巢小鼠肠道菌群和血脂的变化

目的探讨去卵巢对小鼠肠道菌群和血脂的影响。方法 12只10周龄C57BL/6小鼠随机分为2组:假手术组(SHAM组)和去卵巢组(OVX组),每组6只,进行12周的喂养。每2周测定小鼠体质量,12周后测肝脏指数、血清三酰甘油水平和游离脂肪酸水平,小肠进行病理学检查,收集小鼠粪便并在Illumina MiSeq测序平台进行16S rRNA基因测序检测。结果与SHAM组相比,OVX组小鼠体质量、肝脏指数、血清三酰甘油水平和游离脂肪酸水平明显增加(t=4.745,t=15.090,t=11.140,t=4.038,均P0.01)。与SHAM组相比,OVX组小鼠肠道Shannon Wiener指数明显降低(t=4.520,P0.01);在SMB53属(P=0.001)、拟杆菌属(P=0.017)、优杆菌属(P=0.018)、粪球菌属(P=0.019)、赖氨酸芽胞杆菌属(P=0.020)的丰度上差异有统计学意义。结论去卵巢小鼠血脂升高和肠道菌群失衡,提示肠道菌群可能是预防和治疗雌激素缺乏后脂质代谢异常的潜在靶点。     

Micro-CT检测中等强度跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠腰椎微结构的影响

目的用micro-CT方法,评估中等强度跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠腰椎微结构的影响。方法将30只3月龄雌性SD大鼠按体重分层后随机分为假手术、去卵巢静止和去卵巢运动三个组。运动组每周进行4次45min、速度18 m/min、坡度5°的跑台训练。正式运动处理14周时,取第2腰椎检测骨密度,取第4腰椎行micro-CT分析及三维结构重建;取第3腰椎椎体进行椎体压缩实验。结果去卵巢运动组第2腰椎骨密度、第3腰椎最大载荷、最大应力和弹性模量以及第4腰椎骨小梁体积和骨小梁数目显著高于去卵巢静止组,骨小梁分离度显著低于去卵巢静止组,而骨小梁厚度无显著变化。结论中等强度跑台运动能改善去卵巢大鼠腰椎的微结构。     

Estrogen and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation have a synergistic hypotriglyceridemic effect in ovariectomized rats

The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), EPA and DHA, as well as estrogen have been shown to decrease circulating levels of triglyceride (TG), but their underlying mode of action is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of n-3 PUFA consumption and estrogen injection on TG metabolism. Rats (n = 48) were fed a modified AIN-93G diet with 0, 1, or 2 % EPA + DHA relative to the total energy intake during 12 weeks. At 8 weeks, rats were ovariectomized (OVX), and after a 1-week recovery, rats were injected with either 17β-estradiol-3-benzoate (E₂) or corn oil for the last 3 weeks. The n-3 PUFA consumption and E₂ injection independently decreased the hepatic expressions of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) (P < 0.05). There were interactions between n-3 PUFA consumption and E₂ injection on hepatic expression of FAS and DGAT2. In addition, n-3 PUFA consumption and E₂ injection up-regulated the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated AMPK, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor α, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 in liver and skeletal muscle. E₂ injection increased the expression of estrogen receptor α and β in skeletal muscle and liver, but n-3 PUFA consumption increased the expression of both receptors only in skeletal muscle. The present study suggests that the hypotriglyceridemic effects of n-3 PUFA consumption and E₂ injection could be due to the down-regulation of hepatic TG synthesis and up-regulation of TG oxidation in liver and skeletal muscle in OVX rats.     

Apigenin inhibits osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis and prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice

Polyphenol have been reported to have physiological effects with respect to alleviating diseases such as osteoporosis and osteopetrosis. We recently reported that the olive polyphenol hydroxytyrosol accelerates bone formation both in vivo and in vitro. The present study was designed to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro effects of apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), one of the major polyphenols in olives and parsley, on bone formation by using cultured osteoblasts and osteoclasts and ovariectomized (OVX) mice, respectively. Apigenin markedly inhibited cell proliferation and indices of osteoblast differentiation, such as collagen production, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells at concentrations of 1–10 μM. At 10 μM, apigenin completely inhibited the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts from mouse splenic cells. Moreover, injection of apigenin at 10 mg kg⁻¹ body weight significantly suppressed trabecular bone loss in the femurs of OVX mice. Our findings indicate that apigenin may have critical effects on bone maintenance in vivo.     

羊骨胶原肽对青春期大鼠催乳素和促黄体生成素分泌脉冲的影响

目的研究羊骨胶原肽(sheep bone collagen peptide,SBCP)对类固醇诱导的去卵巢大鼠催乳素(pro-lactin,PRL)和促黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)分泌脉冲的影响。方法 6周龄子宫颈未开口的青春期SD大鼠实施双侧卵巢摘除手术,康复1周或3周后以类固醇替代方法诱导PRL和LH脉冲,处理组同时按1000 mg/(kg.d)的剂量以SBCP灌胃,通过颈导管采集血样,利用放射免疫技术测定各组大鼠外周血中的LH和PRL浓度。结果对于术后康复1周的大鼠,SBCP对LH脉冲振幅起到增强作用,而对PRL脉冲没有影响;对于术后康复3周的大鼠,SBCP对LH和PRL脉冲振幅均表现为降低作用,但卵巢摘除后立即给予SBCP可减弱这种降低作用。结论雌激素和孕激素替代注射的同时,补充羊骨胶原肽,不仅仍可诱导LH和PRL脉冲的产生,还可预防由于卵巢摘除带来的骨代谢紊乱,免疫力低下等不良影响,因而是对现有类固醇替代方法的改良。     

葛根素预防雌激素缺乏性骨质疏松的机制探讨

目的观察葛根素对去卵巢大鼠股骨骨密度、颌骨骨密度和血清中肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、C反应蛋白（CRP）及雌二醇（E2）水平的影响。方法 3月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组（sham group）、单纯去势组（OVX group）、去势＋雌二醇治疗组（OVX-estrogen group）和去势＋葛根素治疗组（OVX-puerarin group）。给药3个月后测量各组大鼠股骨和颌骨骨密度,血清中TNF-α和CRP及雌二醇（E2）水平。结果 OVX-puerarin组较sham组体重明显增加（P〈0.01）;较OVX-estrogen组的TNF-α（P〈0.01）、CRP（P〈0.05）及E2（P〈0.01）水平显著下降;其下颌骨和股骨远端骨密度与OVX组、sham组之间无显著性差异,但其股骨近端骨密度较OVX-estrogen组明显增加（P〈0.05）。结论葛根素作为抗炎因子,能够显著降低TNF-α和CRP的水平,但并不会提高雌激素的水平;葛根素对卵巢切除所致的骨质疏松症有一定的治疗作用,但会明显提高机体体重。     

益坤精胶囊对骨质疏松模型小鼠骨形态和血清中IL-6表达的影响

目的:观察益坤精胶囊对骨质疏松模型小鼠骨形态计量学指标及血清白介素-6(IL-6)的影响。方法:取60只C57雌性小鼠随机分为:模型组(等体积生理盐水)、雌激素组(尼尔雌醇,0.25 mg/kg)、益坤精胶囊高剂量组(1.44 g/kg)、中剂量组(0.72 g/kg)、低剂量组(0.36 g/kg)及假手术组(等体积生理盐水),各组灌胃均70 d。采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测血清中IL-6浓度,BI-2000医学图像分析系统进行骨形态计量学指标检测,使用CT测量分析各组小鼠股骨远侧干骺端血管数量。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组骨小梁平均宽度、骨皮质平均厚度、骨小梁面积、成骨细胞数以及骨密度、骨血管数量均明显减小,而破骨细胞数、血清中IL-6的浓度明显上升(P0.05)。与模型组比较,雌激素组、益坤精胶囊高、中、低剂量组上述指标均明显改善(P0.05),且益坤精胶囊高剂量组与雌激素组疗效相当(P0.05)。结论:益坤精胶囊可明显改善骨质疏松模型小鼠的骨形态计量学指标,降低血清中IL-6水平,增加骨血管数量,且以1.44 g/kg益坤精胶囊灌胃效果最佳。     

A novel carborane analog, BE360, with a carbon-containing polyhedral boron-cluster is a new selective estrogen receptor modulator for bone

Carboranes are a class of carbon-containing polyhedral boron-cluster compounds with globular geometry and hydrophobic surface that interact with hormone receptors. Estrogen deficiency results in marked bone loss due to increased osteoclastic bone resorption in females, but estrogen replacement therapy is not generally used for postmenopausal osteoporosis due to the risk of uterine cancer. We synthesized a novel carborane compound BE360 to clarify its anti-osteoporosis activity. BE360 showed a high binding affinity to estrogen receptors (ER), ERα and ERβ. In ovariectomized (OVX) mice, femoral bone volume was markedly reduced and BE360 dose-dependently restored bone loss in OVX mice. However, BE360 did not exhibit any estrogenic activity in the uterus. BE360 also restored bone loss in orchidectomized mice without androgenic action in the sex organs. Therefore, BE360 is a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that may offer a new therapy option for osteoporosis.     

Osteoprotective effect of soybean and sesame oils in ovariectomized rats via estrogen-like mechanism

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the osteoprotective effects of soybean oil (SbO) and sesame oil (SO) in ovarictomized (OVX) rats. The results indicated that the OVX rats exhibited a significant decrease in Ca and P level in both serum and bone, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT and the antioxidant biomarker GSH accompanied with a marked increase in the oxidative stress markers MDA and PC, the inflammatory indices (TNF-α, CRP levels, WBCs counts and ACP activity) in, both, bone and serum. Supplementating the diet of the OVX rats with SbO (15 % w/w) or SO (10 % w/w) for 2 months to resulted in modulation of the alterations in all tested parameters and succeeded to restore minerals, antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant biomarkers, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory indices, and WBCs counts. It could be concluded that the consumption of diets supplemented with SbO or SO might be useful for preventing bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency in ovariectomy status.     

跑台运动训练和停训对去卵巢大鼠体成分和骨密度的影响

目的：研究中等强度跑台运动训练和停训对去卵巢大鼠骨密度和体成分的影响。方法：将60只成年雌性SD大鼠按体重分层后随机分为假手术组、去卵巢静止组和去卵巢运动组,每组20只。去卵巢运动组大鼠每周进行4次时间45min、速度18m／rain、跑道倾角5℃的跑台训练,持续训练14周时,将各组大鼠又随机分为两个亚组,即：假手术-16周（Sham．16）和假手术32周（Sham-32）组、去卵巢-16周（OVX-16）和去卵巢-32周（OVX-32）组以及去卵巢运动（EX）和停训组（DEX）。分别在末次训练结束36—48小时内或停训16周时,用双能X线骨密度仪检测各组大鼠体成分和骨密度的变化。结果：（1）训练结束时,OVX-16组大鼠体脂重量和含量显著高于Sham-16和EX组,而瘦体含量、全身骨密度和腰椎骨密度显著低于Sham-16和EX组,各组其他检测指标无显著变化。（2）停训16周时,OVX-32组大鼠体重、脂肪重量和体脂含量显著高于Sham-32组,而全身、腰椎和左右股骨骨密度以及瘦体含量显著低于Sham．32组;DEX组大鼠脂肪重量和体脂含量显著高于OVX-32组,而瘦体含量显著低于OVX-32组。结论：跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠体成分和骨密度的改善效应在停训16周时均未能被保持。