聚四氟乙烯微针模具的性能考察

目的:考察用聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)制作相转化水凝胶微针模具的性能。方法:聚四氟乙烯模具经过粉末的过筛、压制、烧结、制孔而得。实验制备了不同聚四氟乙烯粉料粒度、不聚四氟乙烯粉料用料量、不同生料板压制压力的聚四氟乙烯微针模具,向模具中浇注以PVA为基质的聚合物溶液,通过冷冻解冻制得相转化水凝胶微针,考察模具的孔径、载料量以及微针的揭膜难易程度和完形率。结果:80目以上细度的模具透光性能均一;随着聚四氟乙烯用料量的增加和生料板压制压力的增大,模具的孔径和载药量减小,揭膜更容易、完形率更高。结论:聚四氟乙烯模具的性能与其密度密切相关,密度越大的模具,蠕变的随意性越大,因而孔洞均一性下降,但是揭膜性能变好,完形率提高。这两个相反的趋势提示我们,四氟乙烯模具的优劣是相转化水凝胶微针中的第一个控制性因素,聚四氟乙烯是制作微针模具的可接受材料,有进一步研究的价值。     

疫苗递送技术的研究进展

迄今为止疫苗在人类和动物传染性疾病的控制和预防中依然发挥着其他药物种类难以企及的重要作用。疫苗设计成功的基础在于有效地递送抗原物质以诱发强有力的保护性免疫反应,而疫苗递送载体的合理应用可以加强、改善、甚至改变抗原物质所诱发的免疫应答过程,从而带来优化疫苗接种效果,简化免疫接种程序等有益效果。目前研发中常用的疫苗递送载体可以分为生物载体(如病毒与细菌)与化学载体(如微针与脂质体)两类,在不同递送系统使用方面的重要考虑是有效地利用载体的装载能力和相应特性来达到理想的免疫效果。目前疫苗递送技术的快速进展为现代疫苗的发展提供了有力的技术支撑。     

微针用于生物大分子及纳米药物透皮给药的尝试与挑战

生物大分子及纳米药物,比如,亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗、以及针对真皮层的治疗药物,作为近年来新兴的治疗药物,在有些治疗领域有着透皮给药的需求。由于具有靶向性高,疗效显著等特点,生物大分子及纳米药物逐渐成为新的研究热点。微针作为一种新型的给药技术,不仅具有无痛、给药方便等优点,而且运用物理手段可大幅提高大分子甚至纳米药物的透皮吸收及皮层靶向,能够避过胃肠道消化作用以及肝脏首过效用。将微针技术与生物大分子药物相结合,能够同时发挥两者的优势,实现高靶向生物药物的无痛给药。本文简述微针透皮给药技术、以及生物大分子给药的研究进展,对微针技术用于生物大分子及纳米药物透皮给药的尝试研究做了介绍和总结,对存在的技术挑战进行了分析和展望。     

Hollow microneedle-based sensor for multiplexed transdermal electrochemical sensing

The development of a minimally invasive multiplexed monitoring system for rapid analysis of biologically-relevant molecules could offer individuals suffering from chronic medical conditions facile assessment of their immediate physiological state. Furthermore, it could serve as a research tool for analysis of complex, multifactorial medical conditions. In order for such a multianalyte sensor to be realized, it must be minimally invasive, sampling of interstitial fluid must occur without pain or harm to the user, and analysis must be rapid as well as selective. Initially developed for pain-free drug delivery, microneedles have been used to deliver vaccines and pharmacologic agents (e.g., insulin) through the skin. Since these devices access the interstitial space, microneedles that are integrated with microelectrodes can be used as transdermal electrochemical sensors. Selective detection of glucose, glutamate, lactate, hydrogen peroxide, and ascorbic acid has been demonstrated using integrated microneedle-electrode devices with carbon fibers, modified carbon pastes, and platinum-coated polymer microneedles serving as transducing elements. This microneedle sensor technology has enabled a novel and sophisticated analytical approach for in situ and simultaneous detection of multiple analytes. Multiplexing offers the possibility of monitoring complex microenvironments, which are otherwise difficult to characterize in a rapid and minimally invasive manner. For example, this technology could be utilized for simultaneous monitoring of extracellular levels of, glucose, lactate and pH, which are important metabolic indicators of disease states (e.g., cancer proliferation) and exercise-induced acidosis.     

相转化水凝胶微针的制备和处方优化

目的:考察分子量为4 k Da的透明质酸,羧甲基纤维素钠对相转化水凝胶微针的影响以及对药物体外释放的影响。方法:制备含有不同浓度透明质酸或羧甲基纤维素钠的微针,利用显微镜观察微针的外观形态,用高效液相色谱法检测药物的体外释放,并用统计分析软件检测体外释放率的差异性。结果:含有透明质酸的微针出现相分离现象,体外释放24 h,释放率为55%左右;羧甲基纤维素钠的微针未出现相分离现象,体外释放24 h,释放率能达到60%左右,两种微针在3 h和24 h时体外释放率无显著性差异,在12 h时有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:透明质酸与聚乙烯醇混合易出现相分离现象,可应用于微针的浓度范围较窄,羧甲基纤维素钠微针不易出现相分离现象。在12 h体外释放方面,含有羧甲基纤维素钠的微针处方优于含有透明质酸的微针处方,但是哪一种辅料更优还需要进一步的实验验证。