浙江金华北山植物区系地理的研究

金华北山约有种子植物１４０科、５１９属、１０５２种。区系成分中,以北温带、泛热带、东亚三种成分为主,植物区系具明显的亚热带性质。以植物地理成分为指标,对金华山与全国其它１４个山地的植物区系进行了模糊聚类分析。结果表明,庐山、天目山植物区系与浙南一闽北的九龙山、武夷山植物区系之间无明显的分界线。     

泾阳茯砖茶中“金花菌”的分离、鉴定及抗氧化酶活性

目的分离鉴定泾阳茯砖茶中的金花菌,探讨其发酵产物的抗氧化酶活性。方法采用涂布平板法分离纯化泾阳茯砖茶中的"金花菌",通过其ITS序列分析进行分子鉴定。利用抗氧化酶试剂盒测定不同时期"金花菌"发酵液的抗氧化酶活性。结果从茶叶中分离出1株"金花菌"J17,通过ITS序列分析初步确定其为赤散囊菌(Eurotium rubrum)。在J17菌株发酵后第1、7、10、14和21天,其发酵液中过氧化物酶(POD)活性(U/mL)分别为0.22±0.11、1.22±0.13、2.46±1.64、7.35±2.77和45.19±1.54;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(U/mL)分别为0.06±0.00、0.45±0.00、1.52±0.20、2.35±0.20和2.75±0.37;总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(U/mL)分别为25.55±10.12、50.90±3.72、76.77±6.75、89.07±3.33和36.34±12.32。发酵14d左右,3种抗氧化酶活性均较高,与茶砖在发花车间的发花时间一致。茯砖茶沸水冲泡液和沸水冲洗液中POD和CAT活性差异无统计学意义,而沸水冲泡液的T-SOD活性显著高于沸水冲洗液。结论泾阳茯砖茶的抗氧化酶活性与茶砖发花期产生的赤散囊菌有关,泾阳茯砖茶适用于热水冲泡或煮沸后饮用。     

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression patterns in the olfactory epithelium of GFP transgenic cloned Jinhua pigs

Domestic pigs possess a well‐developed sense of smell. However, the morphology of the porcine olfactory epithelium (OE) is poorly understood. Recently, several strains of transgenic cloned pigs that are presumed to ubiquitously express green fluorescent protein (GFP) have been created. Thus, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the features of porcine OE using the tissues of GFP transgenic cloned pigs. Based on observations of Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and measurements of thickness, porcine OE tissue portions were classified into three categories (thick, standard, and thin). Cryosections revealed that the prominent GFP signals were expressed in olfactory sensory neurons (OSN), Bowman's glands, and olfactory nerve. A few GFP‐expressing sustentacular cells were seen; however, the intensity of GFP fluorescence was slight. In the thick portion, numerous GFP‐expressing polygonal OSN that did not possess dendrites were found. In the standard portions, GFP‐expressing cells had longitudinal dendrites. A few GFP‐expressing cells were found in the thin portion. In the thick and standard portions, most of the prominent GFP‐expressing cells were positive for olfactory marker protein. Moreover, double immunofluorescence staining with boiled GFP and Sox2 antibody revealed that GFP expression patterns in OSN are synchronized with Sox2 immunoreactive patterns.     

浙江金华市区地面苔藓植物分布与环境因子关系研究

金华市区地面苔藓植物共计有26科、68属、132种。计测了30个样点中主要苔藓植物的盖度和7种环境指标,应用典范对应分析(ccA)对所获得的数据进行了分析,作出了反映苔藓植物分布与环境关系的双向排序图,并讨论了主要的地面苔藓植物的生态分布特点。依据环境因子与前两个排序轴的相关系数大小,发现影响本地区地面生苔藓植物分布的主要环境因子分别为林冠层郁闭度、土壤水分、交通频度、草本层盖度、土层厚度和土层松散程度。     

Developmental changes of carcass composition, meat quality and organs in the Jinhua pig and Landrace

The present study was aimed to compare the developmental changes of carcass composition, meat quality characteristics and organ weight in pigs of different breeds. Six pigs (sex balance) of each breed were slaughtered at 35, 80 and 125 days of age, respectively. The carcass was chilled and the left carcass side was dissected into bone, lean meat, fat and skin; additionally, organ weight and meat quality parameters were observed. Carcasses of the Jinhua pig were lighter (P < 0.001), contained less lean meat percentage (P < 0.01) and more carcass fat percentage (P < 0.05) than did carcasses of the Landrace. L*-values were lower in Jinhua pigs than in Landrace at 125 days of age (P < 0.05), but the Jinhua pig had higher a*-values compared with Landrace at the age of 80 days (P < 0.01) and 125 days (P < 0.01), respectively. In addition, Jinhua pigs showed lower colour scores (P < 0.05), higher intramuscular fat (IMF) percentage (P < 0.05), less marbling scores (P < 0.05) and lower drip loss (P < 0.05) than Landrace. For organ weight, Jinhua pigs had higher relative heart weight at the age of 80 days (P < 0.05) and 125 days (P < 0.001), and higher relative liver weight at 125 days of age (P < 0.01) than that of Landrace. In addition, the relative kidney weight was heavier (P < 0.001) in the Jinhua pig than in the Landrace during the whole experiment. These results indicated that developmental changes of carcass composition, meat quality parameters and organ weight displayed breed differences. Jinhua pigs were fatter than Landrace but the former had better quality characteristics in the meat.     

MyoG基因对金华猪繁殖性状的影响

用PCR-RFLP方法对金华猪I系（109头）、II系（15头）、III系（25头）的MyoG基因的第二内含子内（PCR1- MspⅠ-RFLP）和3'-端（PCR2- MspⅠ-RFLP）位点进行了多态性分析。结果表明：PCR1- MspⅠ-RFLP位点有3种基因型（AA、AB、BB）,其基因型频率分别为0.1544,0.3826,0.4631;PCR2- MspⅠ-RFLP位点只有2种基因型（MM、MN）,其基因型频率分别为0.9953和0.0047。采用SPSS程序分析MyoG基因对金华猪繁殖性状的影响。结果表明：MyoG基因对金华母猪初胎的总产仔数、二胎的产活仔数影响显著（P<0.05）,而对其他胎次组合的总产仔数、产活仔数以及初生窝重没有显著影响（P<0.05）。     

金华北山啮齿类的生态研究

本文论述了金华北山啮齿类的区系组成、数量季节消长和垂直分布。依据不同生境中鼠种和数量的组成,划分了7个鼠类群落。进而对比和分析了各鼠类群落的组成和空间配置、多样性及生物量的分配。通过以人工针叶林为主的北山与具良好次生林植被的天目山自然保护区之间的比较,表明鼠类组成方面有着明显的差异,并探讨了造成这种差异的部分原因。     

Comparison of microRNAs in the intramuscular adipose tissue from Jinhua and Landrace pigs

MicroRNA (miRNA) is critically involved in lipogenesis occurring in various body parts of humans and animals. In this study, to further investigate the role and distribution of miRNA in porcine intramuscular adipose tissue, small RNAs were extracted from Jinhua and Landrace pigs to identify the expression profiles of miRNAs. miRNA expression profiles revealed that 558 miRNAs including 287 known and 271 novel miRNAs were identified, and 220 of them showed differential expression in the pigs. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in fatty metabolism. In conclusion, the current study reveals the active participation of miRNAs in the regulation of adipogenesis in the intramuscular adipose tissue of Jinhua and Landrace pigs.     

中国两头乌猪品种内源性逆转录病毒基因研究

目的对5个中国两头乌猪品种(通城猪、东山猪、沙子岭猪、赣西两头乌猪和金华猪)及3个国外品种(大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪)猪内源性逆转录病毒(PERV)的核心蛋白(gag)基因、多聚酶(pol)基因、囊膜(env)基因的3个亚型A、B、C,分别从DNA和RNA水平上进行研究,以发现中国两头乌猪品种在异种器官移植中的资源优势。方法利用PCR方法在DNA水平上对PERV基因的三个亚型进行鉴定,并通过半定量PCR方法在RNA水平上检测通城猪和大白猪PERV各亚型在心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肌肉、脂肪、淋巴和脑组织中的表达谱。结果4个华中两头乌猪种中env-AB型为主要PERV亚型,分别占被测总数的92%～100%。在这4个品种中均没有检测到C亚型,金华猪以及3个国外猪种中均检测到了C亚型,病毒亚型种类也更丰富。半定量PCR实验结果显示gag、pol基因在两个品种9个组织中广泛表达,env-A在通城猪的心、肝、肺、脂肪和淋巴组织中表达量较低,env-B在通城猪的心脏和淋巴组织中表达量较低,而env-B在大白猪的肾脏中表达很低,其他所测8个组织中表达量都较高。结论通城猪、东山猪、赣西两头乌猪和沙子岭猪可以做为较佳的异种移植候选供体,具有良好的应用前景。     

金华北山南坡主要植被类型的群落特征

浙江省金华北山地处中亚热带北部, 在植被区划上属于中亚热带常绿阔叶林北部亚地带。该区植被是遭砍伐后恢复的次生林, 目前正处于快速的正向演替进程中, 这为研究常绿阔叶林植物群落动态演替机制及受损生态系统的恢复提供了平台。为进一步了解金华北山地区主要植被类型的群落特征, 该文以国际上通用的大样地调查方法, 采用固定样方对其南坡主要植物群落进行了调查, 其中森林样方面积30 m × 30 m, 灌丛样方面积为20 m × 10 m、30 m × 10 m。调查群落物种组成及其数量特征, 记录群落生境信息, 计算木本植物重要值, 分析群落的类型及特征, 并制作每个样方主要木本植物的空间分布图。论文提供了24组详细的群落样方数据(包括21个森林样方和3个灌丛样方), 含有11个群系。