健脾安肠汤联合匹维溴胺治疗肠易激综合征的临床疗效及对血清5-HT、CGRP、SP、VIP水平的影响

目的:探讨健脾安肠汤联合匹维溴胺治疗肠易激综合征的临床疗效及对血清5-羟色胺(5-HT)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、结肠黏膜P物质(SP)、血管活性肠态(VIP)水平的影响。方法:选择2017年1月至2017年12月本院接诊的98例肠易激综合征患者作为研究对象,按随机数表法分为观察组(n=45)和对照组(n=53),对照组单纯采用匹维溴胺进行治疗,观察组在此基础上联合健脾安肠汤进行治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效及治疗前后胃肠症状改善情况、血清5-HT、CGRP、SP、VIP水平、炎性因子水平、焦虑(SAS)、抑郁(SDS)评分的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率(93.33%)心脏高于对照组(71.70%,P0.05);观察组患者恶心呕吐、腹痛腹泻、排便次数及大便性质症状评分,血清5-HT、CGRP、SP、VIP、IL-8、IL-6水平、焦虑及抑郁评分均明显低于对照组(均P0.05),而血清IL-10水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:健脾安肠汤联合匹维溴胺治疗肠易激综合征的临床效果显著优于单纯采用匹维溴胺治疗,可有效调节机体胃肠激素分泌和临床症状,提高患者患者生活质量。     

Triterpenoids and Flavonoids from the Leaves of Astragalus membranaceus and Their Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production

Four new cycloartane triterpenes, named huangqiyegenins V and VI and huangqiyenins K and L ( 1 – 4 , resp.), together with nine known triterpenoids, 5 – 13 , and eight flavonoids, 14 – 21 , were isolated from a 70%‐EtOH extract of Astragalus membranaceus leaves. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses, and the compounds were identified as (9β,11α,16β,20R,24S)‐11,16,25‐trihydroxy‐20,24‐epoxy‐9,19‐cyclolanostane‐3,6‐dione ( 1 ), (9β,16β,24S)‐16,24,25‐trihydroxy‐9,19‐cyclolanostane‐3,6‐dione ( 2 ), (3β,6α,9β,16β,20R,24R)‐16,25‐dihydroxy‐3‐(β‐D ‐xylopyranosyloxy)‐20,24‐epoxy‐9,19‐cyclolanostan‐6‐yl acetate ( 3 ), and (3β,6α,9β,16β,24E)‐26‐(β‐D ‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐16‐hydroxy‐3‐(β‐D ‐xylopyranosyloxy)‐9,19‐cyclolanost‐24‐en‐6‐yl acetate ( 4 ). All isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against LPS‐induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Compounds 1 – 3, 14, 15 , and 18 exhibited strong inhibition on LPS‐induced NO release by macrophages with IC₅₀ values of 14.4–27.1 μM .     

响应面法优化灵芪菌质多糖固态发酵条件

采用单因素试验和响应面分析法优化灵芪菌质多糖固态发酵条件.优化后发酵条件为:采用药性固体发酵培养基,初始pH6.5,接种量10.16ml/100g,发酵温度30.65℃,相对湿度59.54％,发酵周期28d.利用此优化条件进行灵芪菌质多糖发酵,灵芪菌质多糖含量可达9.12±0.09mg/g,较优化前8.06±0.07 ...     

黄芪多糖对齐口裂腹鱼生长、体组成和免疫指标的影响

试验研究黄芪多糖对齐口裂腹鱼生长性能、体组成及免疫指标的影响。以450尾健康的齐口裂腹鱼[体重(6.98±0.43)g;体长(9.11±0.25)cm]为试验对象,随机分为5组(C1、C2、C3、C4、C5),每组3个重复,每重复30尾试验鱼。C1、C2、C3、C4、C5组分别投喂在等氮等能(蛋白质含量38.29%,能量15.73 mJ/kg)的基础料中分别添加0、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08%的黄芪多糖制成5种试验饲料,养殖齐口裂腹鱼50d。结果表明:饲料中未添加黄芪多糖组的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料蛋白效率(PER)均显著低于黄芪多糖添加组(P<0.05),而饵料系数(FCR)则显著高于黄芪多糖添加组(P<0.05)。当黄芪多糖添加水平为0.04%时,试验鱼的WGR、SGR、PER均达到最大(分别为110.31%、1.86%/d和182.07%),FCR最低(1.44),与其他各组差异显著(P<0.05);以WGR、SGR、PER、FCR为指标,利用直线和抛物线回归分析表明,齐口裂腹鱼生长性能最佳时黄芪多糖添加水平为0.045%—0.074%;对齐口裂腹鱼机体组成分析表明,黄芪多糖对鱼体粗灰分和水分影响不显著(P>0.05),黄芪多糖添加水平为0.06%时机体粗蛋白最高,但与黄芪多糖添加水平为0.04%时无明显差异(P>0.05);粗脂肪含量在黄芪多糖添加水平为0.04%时最高,与其他各组差异显著(P<0.05);未添加黄芪多糖组血清免疫酶活性显著低于黄芪多糖添加组,齐口裂腹鱼血清免疫酶活性在一定范围内随黄芪多糖的增加而增强。黄芪多糖添加水平为0.04%时,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性最高;酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性在黄芪多糖添加水平0.06%时最大;黄芪多糖添加水平应在0.06%—0.08%时,溶菌酶(LSZ)、超氧化歧化酶(SOD活性趋于稳定。这说明黄芪多对齐口裂腹鱼的生长和免疫力有明显的促进作用。综合考虑齐口裂腹鱼生长性能和免疫能力最佳时黄芪多糖添加水平为0.04%—0.074%。     

氮离子注入对蒙古黄芪多倍体诱导的影响

利用二倍体蒙古黄芪种子为材料,以低能氮离子束为诱变源,将化学诱导与物理诱变相结合,探索出一套高效的多倍体诱导新方法。研究结果表明：氮离子注入种子后表现出明显的生物学效应;氮离子注入与秋水仙素联合诱导黄芪多倍体的效果很明显。氮离子注入剂量为2.6×10¹⁶ N⁺/cm²,秋水仙素浓度为100 mg·L^-1,培养5 d诱导率最高为44.4%;氮离子注入剂量为5.2×10¹⁶ N⁺/cm², 秋水仙素浓度为150 mg·L^-1,培养10d的诱导率最高为46.2%;二者均高于对照组秋水仙素浓度为100 mg·L^-1培养15 d的最高诱导率13.9%。利用细胞染色体计数鉴定多倍体为四倍体。     

Astragalus polysaccharides alleviates LPS-induced inflammation via the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway

Early weaning usually causes intestinal disorders, enteritis, and diarrhea in young animals and human infants. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) possesses anti-inflammatory activity. To study the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of APS and its potential effects on intestinal health, we performed an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) study in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) in vitro. In addition, LPS-stimulated BALB/c mice were used to study the effects of APS on intestinal inflammation in vivo. The results from the RNA-seq analysis show that there were 107, 756, and 5 differentially expressed genes in the control versus LPS, LPS versus LPS+APS, and control versus LPS+APS comparison groups, respectively. The results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis indicated that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways play significant roles in the regulation of inflammatory factors and chemokine expression by APS. Further verification of the above two pathways by using western blot and immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the gene expression levels of the phosphorylated p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and NF-κB p65 were inhibited by APS, while the expression of IκB-α protein was significantly increased (p < .05), indicating that APS inhibits the production of inflammatory factors and chemokines by the inhibition of activation of the MAPK and NF-κB inflammatory pathways induced by LPS stimulation. Animal experiments further demonstrated that prefeeding APS in BALB/c mice can alleviate the expression of the jejunal inflammatory factors interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-Iβ, and tumor necrosis factor-α induced by LPS stimulation and improve jejunal villus morphology.     

膜荚黄芪种子中2种几丁质酶的分离纯化及活性测定

运用传统的层析技术对膜荚黄芪种子中两种几丁质酶进行分离纯化,并对分离纯化中各个步骤得到的蛋白进行了活性研究.结果表明:(1)粗提液的硫酸铵沉淀经再生几丁质亲和柱和凝胶过滤层析Sephadex G-75得到几丁质酶A.(2)粗提液的硫酸铵沉淀经离子交换色谱DE-52、CM、凝胶过滤层析Sephadex G-75得到几丁质酶B.(3)几丁质酶A、B的比活性分别为35.6 U/mg和4.1 U/mg.(4)从膜荚黄芪种子中分离纯化的几丁质酶A和B均为糖蛋白,含糖量分别为6.1%和5.8%.(5) SDS-PAGE显示,几丁质酶A、B的分子量分别为35.5 ku、39.6 ku;凝胶过滤层析测定几丁质酶A、B的分子量分别为36.9 ku、40.8 ku;表明几丁质酶A、B均为单亚基蛋白.     

中国-喜马拉雅三种黄耆属植物与其传粉熊蜂的空间分布预测

依赖于动物传粉获得繁殖成功的植物的分布与其传粉动物的地理分布有着密切联系。预测未来气候变化对植物及其传粉动物地理分布的影响对生物多样性保护具有重要意义。本文通过对中国-喜马拉雅3种黄耆属(Astragalus)植物, 即弯齿黄耆(A. camptodontus)、黑毛黄耆(A. pullus)和笔直黄耆(A. strictus), 及其传粉熊蜂(Bombus)的野外调查, 以及收集来源于数据库的黄耆和熊蜂的543个物种分布点和13个环境因子数据, 结合物种可能出现的完全扩散、不扩散和仅熊蜂扩散3种迁移模式, 利用MaxEnt模型模拟了3种黄耆属植物与2种传粉熊蜂即橘尾熊蜂(Bombus friseanus)和红束熊蜂(B. rufofasciatus)在历史阶段(1970-2000年)和2100年两种温室气体浓度情景(ssp245和ssp585)下的适宜分布区变化。结果表明: 3种黄耆属植物均主要依赖于熊蜂传粉, 黄耆与其传粉熊蜂的主要适宜分布区为中国-喜马拉雅地区, 到2100年它们的分布区呈现向西北方向扩张的趋势, 而在东南部的分布区减少。当模型中考虑与传粉熊蜂的互作后, 3种黄耆属植物的潜在地理分布范围减少了15.83%-83.98%。在温室气体中低浓度情景(ssp245)下, 3种黄耆属植物与其传粉熊蜂的空间匹配增加, 而在高浓度情景(ssp585)下弯齿黄耆、黑毛黄耆与橘尾熊蜂的空间匹配降低; 如果物种不扩散或仅熊蜂扩散, 笔直黄耆与红束熊蜂的空间匹配降低。气候变化和物种的扩散能力可能引起黄耆与其传粉熊蜂出现空间不匹配。同时, 模型预测显示影响黄耆和熊蜂分布的环境因子不同, 但海拔是最主要的环境因子。由于与传粉者的相互作用对许多植物物种的生命周期具有重要意义, 因而本研究可以更好地理解气候变化对植物与其传粉者空间分布的潜在影响, 特别是对那些地理范围受限制的植物。