On the Application of Fuzzy Decision Theory in Chemotherapy

1IntreductionTheliteratUreonmulti-Criteriondecisionmaking(MCDM)problemshas~tremendouslyintherecentpast.TwomajorareashaveevolvedwhiChbothconcentrateondecisionmakingwithseveralcriteria:multiobjectivedecisionmaking(MODM)andmulti-attributedecisionmaking(MADM).TheformerconcentratesoncontinuousdecisionspaceandthelatterfocusesonproblemswithdiscreteSPace.FuzzysettheoryhascontributedtoMODMproblemsaswellastheMADMProblems.ThegeneralMODMproblemcanbedeft.edLllasfollows:Twostagescangenerallybe…     

河南省西部地区鼠类考察报告

1984—1985年,查清豫西鼠形动物共3目9科26种,其中啮齿类古北界种有16种,东洋界种4种,广布种4种;河谷盆地农耕区分布鼠类11种,优势种为黑线姬鼠。丘陵浅山区分布有14种,大仓鼠为优势鼠种。中山深山区生境复杂,分布鼠类20种,主要鼠种为大林姬鼠、岢岚绒鼠、社鼠,三鼠种分别占该生态地貌捕鼠总量的38.7％、17.4％和15.3％;鼠患是近年该区农林业主要灾害之一,鼠类年平均捕获率10—40％左右。     

微藻生物技术新进展

微藻生物技术是较新的生物技术领域之一。藻的生物技术本质上与农业相同,即利用光合成机制生产生物量,用作食物、饲料、化学药品和能源。 培养微藻作生物量的主要优点为: 1.藻是很有效的生物系统,是以太阳能通过光合成生产有机化合物的。     

FT Ⅰ, a novel positive myeloid-lineage-specific transcription regulatory element within the mouse myeloperoxidase gene enhancer, En 1

INTanDUCTI0NMyeloidcelldifferentiati0n,inwhichmultip0tentialprogenitorcellsarec0nvertedint00neofthesixmaturedifferentiatedcells,i.e.,erythr0cytes,platelets(megakary-ocytes),macr0phages,neutr0phils,e0sinophilsandbas0phils,involvestemporalre-gulati0nofexpression0fanumberoflineage-anddifferentiationstage-specificgenes.Understandingthedevel0pmentalspecificationoflineageaJswellasmaturationstageassociatedpatterns0fgeneexpressioninmyel0idcelldifferentiationrequiresanin-sightintothecontrol0findivid…     

玫瑰茄光周期反应的研究

来源于泰国、中美洲、塞内加尔、印度和埃及的五个玫瑰茄品系,在光周期为8、16和24小时的人工气候室内生长。通过短日照和连续光照诱导开花证实,所有品系均为双光周期。各品系在花、果发育和由短日照转变到长日照后持续地成花诱导中显出差异。短日照和连续光照产生的生理效应和形态效应均不同。在每个叶腋的两个成对芽中,左芽在光周期为8和24小时成花,在光周期16小时保持休眠;右芽在8小时保持休眠,在16小时发育成营养枝,而在24小时发育成花枝。作者讨论了这些资料对亚热带条件下玫瑰茄育种和栽培的重要意义。     

脊椎动物从水生到陆生演化过程中的遗传创新

泥盆纪时期(4亿年前)脊椎动物登陆事件是脊椎动物演化史上的一次巨大飞跃,需要脊椎动物在呼吸系统、运动系统和神经系统等诸多方面进行系统革新[1,2],从而适应从水生到陆生环境的改变。长期的古生物学和系统分类学研究显示,现存四足动物最近的鱼类近亲是肺鱼,而肉鳍鱼亚纲(包含空棘鱼、肺鱼和四足动物)与辐鳍鱼亚纲(常见的各种鱼)被统称为硬骨鱼纲。长期以来,肺鱼和早期辐鳍鱼类这些“活化石”鱼类基因组一直缺乏系统研究,特别是肺鱼拥有已知脊椎动物中最大的基因组(40 Gb以上),分析难度极大,因而硬骨鱼祖先到肉鳍鱼祖先再到陆生脊椎动物演化历程中的遗传创新机制这一重大科学问题始终没有得到很好解答。     

CBCT引导放疗摆位误差对中上段食管癌患者受照射剂量的影响

摘要 目的：探究锥形束CT（CBCT）引导放疗摆位误差对中上段食管癌患者受照射剂量的影响。方法：选取2017年5月～2019年5月于我院收治的60例中上段食管癌患者为研究对象,所有患者均行CBCT图像、计划CT图像采集。在患者放疗前进行CBCT扫描,将CBCT图像与计划CT图像匹配,得到左右（x轴）、头脚（y轴）、前后（z轴）三个方向的线性误差,分析出现的误差及误差的分布规律。利用模拟实际照射系统,进行模拟计划,得到实际照射靶区及正常组织受照射剂量,将其与治疗前计划比较,研究摆位误差对患者受照剂量的影响。结果：患者整体摆位误差为x轴（2.91±2.20）mm,y轴（3.89±2.17）mm,z轴（2.44±1.64）mm,x轴的MPTV为4.054 mm,y轴的MPTV为8.183 mm,z轴的MPTV为3.482 mm。模拟计划的CI、PTV的Dmin、Dmean、D95%均低于标准计划差异显著（P均＜0.05）,而模拟计划的HI低于标准计划（P＜0.05）。模拟计划的脊髓Dmax高于标准计划（P＜0.05）,而标准计划与模拟计划的双肺V20、Dmean,心脏V40差异比较无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。结论：CBCT引导放疗摆位误差对中上段食管癌患者影响较小,提高PTV受照射剂量及治疗准确程度,对脊髓有保护效果。摆位误差对心、肺的剂量分布无明显影响。     

光叶眼子菜响应夏季高温的模拟研究

为探讨南四湖优势物种光叶眼子菜在夏季浅水区的衰亡原因, 用25℃、30℃、35℃和40℃的恒温水浴模拟夏季高温处理光叶眼子菜(Co. Potamogeton lucens L.)3h。生化结果显示, 在35℃及以上高温下, 光叶眼子菜的蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量和叶绿素含量显著下降, 丙二醛含量显著上升, 说明35℃以上高温对光叶眼子菜产生了显著伤害。光叶眼子菜的光合系统对高温更为敏感, 在高温胁迫下标准化的叶绿素荧光动力学曲线上J相和K相显著隆起, 但并未发现明显的L-band。进一步解析叶片的叶绿素荧光动力学参数, 结果显示: 随着处理温度的升高, 反应中心的初始关闭速率(dVG/dt_o, dV/dt_o)变慢, 但到达P相的所需时间(T_fm)变短; 光系统Ⅱ (Photosystem Ⅱ, PSⅡ)的光化学效率(F_v/F_m)减小, 非光化学效率(K_n)、J相相对可变荧光强度(V_j)和热耗散(DI_o/RC、DI_o/CS_o、F_o/F_m)增大; 尽管高温下质体醌周转次数(N)、还原速率(S_m/T_fm)和I相相对可变荧光强度(V_i)变化不显著, 但质体醌库(S_m)明显减小; 单个反应中心光能的吸收(ABS/RC)和捕获效率(TR_o/RC)增加, 电子传递效率(ET_o/RC)却呈下降趋势; 单位激发态面积的光能捕获(TR_o/CS_o)和电子传递效率(ET_o/CS_o)均降低, 反应中心数目(RC/CS_o)显著减少。上述高温胁迫效应导致整个叶片的结构功能指数(SFI_abs)、性能指数(PI_abs)以及光合驱动力(DF)显著降低。高温对光叶眼子菜的伤害主要是导致其光系统II放氧复合体失活、反应中心数目减少和反应中心的光化学效率下降, 进而诱导活性氧的产生, 对细胞造成伤害。因此, 光叶眼子菜属于对高温敏感的水生植物。     

Determination of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 peptides presented by the type I diabetes-associated HLA-DQ8 class II molecule identifies an immunogenic peptide motif

Particular HLA class II allelic sequences are associated with susceptibility to type I diabetes. To understand the mechanism, knowledge of the molecular nature of the specific TCR/peptide/class II interactions involved in the disease process is required. To this end, we have introduced the diabetes-associated human class II HLA-DQ8 allele (DQA1*0301/DQB1*0302) as a transgene into mice and analyzed T cell responses restricted by this molecule to an important Ag in human diabetes, human glutamic acid decarboxylase 65. Hybridomas were used to determine the particular peptides from this Ag presented by HLA-DQ8 to T cells and to map the core minimal epitopes required for T cell stimulation. Analysis of these core epitopes reveals a motif and relevant features for peptides that are immunogenic to T cells when presented by HLA-DQ8. The major immunogenic epitopes of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 do not contain a negatively charged residue that binds in the P9 pocket of the HLA-DQ8 molecule. PBMC from HLA-DQ8+ diabetic and nondiabetic individuals respond to these peptides, confirming that the mouse model is a useful tool to define epitopes of autoantigens that are processed by human APC and recognized by human T cells.     

Isolation and functional analysis of a Brassica juncea gene encoding a com-ponent of auxin efflux carrier

Polar auxin transport plays a divergent role in plant growth and developmental processes including root and embryo development, vascular pattern formation and cell elongation. Recently isolated Arabidopsis pin gene family was believed to encode a component of auxin efflux carrier (G(?)lweiler et al, 1998). Based on the Arabidopsis pin1 sequence we have isolated a Brassica juncea cDNA (designated Bjpin1), which encoded a 70-kDa putative auxin efflux carrier. Deduced BjPIN1 shared 65% identities at protein level with AtPINl and was highly homologous to other putative PIN proteins of Arabidopsis (with highest homology to AtPIN3). Hydrophobic analysis showed similar structures between BjPINl and AtPIN proteins. Presence of 6 exons (varying in size between 65 bp and 1229 bp) and 5 introns (sizes between 89 bp and 463 bp) in the genomic fragment was revealed by comparing the genomic and cDNA sequences. Northern blot analysis indicated that Bjpin1 was expressed in most of the tissues tested, with a relatively h