On the Application of Fuzzy Decision Theory in Chemotherapy

1IntreductionTheliteratUreonmulti-Criteriondecisionmaking(MCDM)problemshas~tremendouslyintherecentpast.TwomajorareashaveevolvedwhiChbothconcentrateondecisionmakingwithseveralcriteria:multiobjectivedecisionmaking(MODM)andmulti-attributedecisionmaking(MADM).TheformerconcentratesoncontinuousdecisionspaceandthelatterfocusesonproblemswithdiscreteSPace.FuzzysettheoryhascontributedtoMODMproblemsaswellastheMADMProblems.ThegeneralMODMproblemcanbedeft.edLllasfollows:Twostagescangenerallybe…     

微藻生物技术新进展

微藻生物技术是较新的生物技术领域之一。藻的生物技术本质上与农业相同,即利用光合成机制生产生物量,用作食物、饲料、化学药品和能源。 培养微藻作生物量的主要优点为: 1.藻是很有效的生物系统,是以太阳能通过光合成生产有机化合物的。     

FT Ⅰ, a novel positive myeloid-lineage-specific transcription regulatory element within the mouse myeloperoxidase gene enhancer, En 1

INTanDUCTI0NMyeloidcelldifferentiati0n,inwhichmultip0tentialprogenitorcellsarec0nvertedint00neofthesixmaturedifferentiatedcells,i.e.,erythr0cytes,platelets(megakary-ocytes),macr0phages,neutr0phils,e0sinophilsandbas0phils,involvestemporalre-gulati0nofexpression0fanumberoflineage-anddifferentiationstage-specificgenes.Understandingthedevel0pmentalspecificationoflineageaJswellasmaturationstageassociatedpatterns0fgeneexpressioninmyel0idcelldifferentiationrequiresanin-sightintothecontrol0findivid…     

恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)卵细胞采集及体外受精的研究

对13头成年母猴,用黄体酮 前列腺索(PGF_(2a))处理,诱发月经周期,并用三种不同的处理方案,注射外激性促性腺激素诱发等超数排卵。对171个大滤泡(直径≥4mm)实行外科手术采卵,滤泡穿刺吸卵共获147个卵细胞,平均每头猴采卵11.31±6.47个,卵细胞回收率为85.96％。精液用直肠电刺激法采集,精子经TALP培养基洗涤二次,并在含10％灭活猴血清的TALP液中,加入1mM CAMP和lmM咖啡因,预孵育6～3h。卵细胞在含10％灭活猴血清的TALP或Ham'sF-10培养基中作体外成熟的培养,经约4～12h孵育,卵细胞体外成热率为28.57％。成熟的卵细胞(n=42,中期Ⅱ)和已预孵育的精子一起12～24h,并有部分在前次输精后5～12h再次输精,在42～56h后有9个受精卵继续发育至2细胞期和桑椹期阶段,体外受精率为35.71％(15/42)。     

玫瑰茄光周期反应的研究

来源于泰国、中美洲、塞内加尔、印度和埃及的五个玫瑰茄品系,在光周期为8、16和24小时的人工气候室内生长。通过短日照和连续光照诱导开花证实,所有品系均为双光周期。各品系在花、果发育和由短日照转变到长日照后持续地成花诱导中显出差异。短日照和连续光照产生的生理效应和形态效应均不同。在每个叶腋的两个成对芽中,左芽在光周期为8和24小时成花,在光周期16小时保持休眠;右芽在8小时保持休眠,在16小时发育成营养枝,而在24小时发育成花枝。作者讨论了这些资料对亚热带条件下玫瑰茄育种和栽培的重要意义。     

Isolation and functional analysis of a Brassica juncea gene encoding a com-ponent of auxin efflux carrier

Polar auxin transport plays a divergent role in plant growth and developmental processes including root and embryo development, vascular pattern formation and cell elongation. Recently isolated Arabidopsis pin gene family was believed to encode a component of auxin efflux carrier (G(?)lweiler et al, 1998). Based on the Arabidopsis pin1 sequence we have isolated a Brassica juncea cDNA (designated Bjpin1), which encoded a 70-kDa putative auxin efflux carrier. Deduced BjPIN1 shared 65% identities at protein level with AtPINl and was highly homologous to other putative PIN proteins of Arabidopsis (with highest homology to AtPIN3). Hydrophobic analysis showed similar structures between BjPINl and AtPIN proteins. Presence of 6 exons (varying in size between 65 bp and 1229 bp) and 5 introns (sizes between 89 bp and 463 bp) in the genomic fragment was revealed by comparing the genomic and cDNA sequences. Northern blot analysis indicated that Bjpin1 was expressed in most of the tissues tested, with a relatively h     

Sambunigrin and cyanogenic variability in populations of Sambucus canadensis L. (Caprifoliaceae)

The presence or absence of cyanogenic glycosides was determined for individuals from nine populations of Sambucus canadensis L. (elderberry) of east-central Illinois. In most of the populations tested, all or most of the individuals did not produce these compounds, in one, all were cyanogenic, whereas in another population this trait was highly variable. Addition of the enzyme emulsin to negative tests did not result in any further release of cyanide. The glycoside responsible is (S)-sambunigrin.     

The use of basis functions in modelling joint articular surfaces: application to the knee joint

This article introduces a new method to represent bone surface geometry for simulations of joint contact. The method uses the inner product of two basis functions to provide a mathematical representation of the joint surfaces. This method guarantees a continuous transition in the direction of the surface normals, an important property for computation of joint contact. Our formulation handles experimental data that are not evenly distributed, a common characteristic of digitized data of musculoskeletal morphologies. The method makes it possible to represent highly curved surfaces, which are encountered in many anatomical structures. The accuracy of this method is demonstrated by modeling the human knee joint. The mean relative percentage error in the representation of the patellar track surface was 0.25% (range 0-1.56%) which corresponded to an absolute error of 0.17mm (range 0-0.16mm).     

The synthesis of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) by cultured, symbiotic dinoflagellates

We tested the hypothesis that there is a relation between phylotypes (phylogenetic types, as determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and partial sequence analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSUrDNA)) and the synthesis of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) by symbiotic dinoflagellates under the influence of ultraviolet radiation (UV-B/A) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). We exposed 27 isolates of symbiotic dinoflagellates simultaneously to UV-B/A and PAR, and subsequently determined the MAAs present in cell extracts and in the media. The algae used included 24 isolates of Symbiodinium spp. originating from jellyfishes, sea anemones, zoanthids, scleractinians, octocorals, and bivalves, and three others in the genera Gymnodinium, Gloeodinium and Amphidinium from a jellyfish, an hydrocoral and a flatworm, respectively. In this study, all of the phylotype A Symbiodinium spp. synthesized up to three identified MAAs. None of the 11 cultured phylotypes B and C Symbiodinium spp. synthesized MAAs. The three non-Symbiodinium symbionts also synthesized up to three MAAs. The results support a conclusion that phylotype A Symbiodinium spp. have a high predilection for the synthesis of MAAs, while phylotypes B and C do not. Synthesis of MAAs by symbiotic dinoflagellates in culture does not appear to relate directly to depths or to the UV exposure regimes from which the consortia were collected.