氨甲酰胆碱增加大鼠心室肌细胞收缩机制的初步研究

目的:本文研究非选择性M受体激动剂氨甲酰胆碱(Cch)对心肌细胞收缩的作用,并同时观察L-型钙流,探讨其机制.方法:以分离大鼠的单个心室肌细胞为对象,采用膜片钳和单细胞收缩测量技术,在35℃恒温,细胞外钙离子浓度1.8 mmol/L,0.2 Hz,1.0 Hz刺激下测量细胞收缩幅度和ICa(L)、INa/Ca.结果:①大鼠心肌细胞收缩与刺激频率呈负相关;②选择△L0.2 Hz/△L1.0 Hz≥1.25(n=6)的细胞给予1.0 Hz的刺激,100 μmol/L Cch增加大鼠心室肌细胞收缩28%.③ Cch作用能被非选择性M受体阻滞剂阿托品阻滞,选择性M1受体激动剂MCN-A-343 100 μmol/L对细胞收缩无影响.④ 100 μmol/L Cch对ICa(L)无影响,但增加从 10 mV复极到-40 mV所产生的晚期尾电流,提示INa/Ca加大.结论:Cch能加强大鼠心室肌细胞收缩,它的作用由M2受体介导,其机制可能是通过加强INa/Ca,增加肌质网(SR)内的钙内容和钙释放,导致细胞收缩加强,而非通过L-型钙流.     

内皮素-1预处理对培养乳鼠心肌细胞低氧损伤的保护作用

实验观察了 0 0 1- 1nmol/L内皮素 1(ET 1)预处理对低氧孵育 ( 3 %O2 5 %CO2 ,12h)的培养乳鼠心肌细胞乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)释放量、培养液上清超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性以及丙二醛 (MDA)含量的影响。用Fluo 3 /AM负载培养的心肌细胞 ,在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下监测急性低氧的心肌细胞 [Ca2 +]i 的变化和ET 1预处理对低氧所致 [Ca2 +]i 变化的影响。结果如下 :( 1)心肌细胞低氧孵育 12h后 ,培养液上清LDH活力和MDA含量较常氧对照组明显升高 ,分别为 43 3 3± 1 2 1U/Lvs 19 3 3± 1 0 3U/L和 1 71± 0 0 2nmol/Lvs 0 91± 0 0 3nmol/L (P<0 0 1) ,SOD活性为 16 93± 1 11U/ml明显低于常氧对照组的 3 3 48± 1 15U/ml (P <0 0 1) ;0 0 1- 1nmol/LET 1预处理呈浓度依赖性抑制低氧培养心肌细胞LDH释放 ,减少培养液上清MDA含量、提高SOD活性 (P <0 0 1)。 ( 2 )低氧灌流后 2 9± 1 5s (n =2 3 )心肌细胞自发性钙瞬变完全终止 ,[Ca2 +]i 升高了 10 7± 13 2 % (P <0 0 0 1) ;0 0 1- 1nmol/LET 1能明显加快心肌细胞钙瞬变的频率 (P <0 0 1) ;ET 1预处理后低氧所致钙瞬变终止的时间较单纯低氧组明显推迟 ,[Ca2 +]i过度升高被明显减轻 (P <0 0 1)。上述结果表明 ,0 0 1- 1nmol/LET 1预处理可减轻培     

银杏苦内酯B对豚鼠模拟缺血心室肌细胞L-型钙电流及胞内游离钙的影响

应用全细胞膜片钳及激光共聚焦技术 ,研究银杏苦内酯B(ginkgolideB ,GB)对豚鼠心室肌细胞L 型钙电流及胞内游离钙的作用 ,并探讨GB心肌保护作用的机制。实验结果显示 ,在指令电压为 0mV时 ,GB对生理状态下豚鼠心室肌细胞L 型钙电流无明显作用。在模拟缺血状态下 ,L 型钙峰值电流减小 3 7 71% ,但加入 1μmol/LGB后 ,可逆转缺血引起的L 型钙电流的降低 ,与缺血对照组比较 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。 1μmol/LGB能使由于模拟缺血而上移的L 型钙电流 电压曲线回复正常。在生理状态下 ,0 1、1、10mol/LGB分别使心肌细胞内游离钙降低 10 5 8%(n =12 )、17 2 7% (n =12 )、16 3 5 % (n =10 ) ,与对照组相比有非常显著性差异。模拟缺血液灌流 12min时 ,细胞内游离钙浓度增加 2 0 15 % ,在模拟缺血液中分别加入 1μmol/Lnifedipine或 5mmol/LNiCl2 ,结果显示 :模拟缺血液灌流 12min ,与正常对照组相比细胞内钙分别增加 18 18% (P >0 0 5 )与 11% (P <0 0 5 )。在模拟缺血液中加入1mol/LGB灌流 12min时细胞内钙仅增加 9 60 % (n =12 ,P <0 0 0 1) ,与缺血对照组相比有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结果表明 ,GB可逆转模拟缺血造成L 型钙电流的降低 ,同时可部分减轻由于缺血所造成的细胞内钙的超载     

斯钙素与哺乳动物生殖的研究进展

斯钙素(stanniocalcin,STC)是一类首先在硬骨鱼类发现的糖蛋白激素,其生理作用在于调节钙磷稳态。近年来在入和哺乳动物组织中也发现存在有STC,并且以旁分泌方式参与机体的多种生理功能。本文综述了近年来哺乳动物胚胎发育、妊娠及哺乳期间STC基因在卵巢内的表达,早期胚胎植入过程中STC基因在子宫内膜的表达,以及人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)对STC分泌的调节作用及其作用机制。研究表明,新生个体的STC基因表达首先出现在卵巢的膜细胞内,随后出现于卵巢基质的间质细胞和内膜细胞;但STC基因的表达产物STC却聚积于卵母细胞和黄体细胞内,提示STC参与卵母细胞的成熟过程。胚胎植入、妊娠、分娩与哺乳期间卵巢内STC基因表达量的动态变化行为,提示STC在哺乳动物生殖过程的各个环节均发挥一定的作用。     

三苯氧胺对乳腺癌和宫颈癌细胞增殖的影响

目的：研究三苯氧胺(tamoxifen,TAM)对人乳腺癌Bcap-37和宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖的影响并探讨其可能的机制。方法：采用细胞培养、细胞计数、MTT、流式细胞术和激光共聚焦显微镜技术。结果：TAM(10^-6mol／L)使Bcap-37细胞的生长曲线下移,使HeLa细胞的生长曲线上移。TAM(10^-8～10^-6mol／L)剂量依赖性的抑制Beap-37细胞的增殖,促进HeLa细胞的增殖作用。TAM(10^-6mol／L)使Bcap-37细胞发生凋亡,凋亡率达到97．5％,而使HeLa细胞周期由G1期加速向S期转化,G1期的DNA含量由对照组的55．5％下降到加药组的32．8％,S期的DNA含量由对照组的29．0％上升到加药组的49．4％。激光共聚焦检测到TAM(10^-6mol／L)可使Bcap-37细胞和HeLa细胞内的Ca^2 浓度显著升高。结论：TAM可以通过调节细胞周期各阶段DNA含量和胞内Ca^2 浓度水平,从而调节Bcap-37细胞和HeLa细胞的增殖活动,提示使用TAM治疗乳腺癌时可能会对子宫颈产生副作用。     

G蛋白调节剂对梨花粉萌发及花粉胞内Ca2+浓度变化的影响

用激光共聚焦技术研究了异三聚体G蛋白活性调节剂对梨花粉萌发、花粉管生长及花粉细胞内游离钙离子浓度动态的影响。结果表明：异三聚体G蛋白激活剂霍乱毒素(CTX)可促进梨花粉萌发与花粉管生长,而其抑制剂百日咳毒素(PTX)则抑制花粉萌发与花粉管生长;霍乱毒素处理后,花粉细胞内产生特异性的“钙瞬变”信号,而百日咳毒素处理后则引起花粉细胞内游离钙离子浓度的持续下降。这表明：异三聚体G蛋白可能参与了梨花粉萌发与花粉管生长的调控过程,G蛋白的活性变化对花粉萌发的效应可能是通过调控花粉细胞内游离Ca^2 浓度的动态变化产生特异性的钙信号来实现的。     

Cellular localization and biochemical characterization of a novel calcium-dependent protein kinase from tobacco

By screening tobacco cDNA library with MCK1 as a probe, we isolated a cDNA clone NtCPK5 （accession number AY971376）, which encodes a typical calcium-dependent protein kinase. Sequence analyses indicated that NtCPK5 is related to both CPKs and CRKs superfamilies and has all of the three conserved domains of CPKs. The biochemical activity of NtCPK5 was calcium-dependent. NtCPK5 had Vmax and Km of 526nmol/min/mg and 210μg/ml respectively with calf thymus histone （fraction Ⅲ, abbreviated to histone Ⅲs） as substrate. For substrate syntide-2, NtCPK5 showed a higher Vmax of 2008 nmol/min/mg and a lower Km of 30μM. The K0.5 of calcium activation was 0.04μM or 0.06μM for histone Ⅲs or syntide-2 respectively. The putative myristoylation and palmitoylation consensus sequence of NtCPK5 suggests that it could be a membrane-anchoring protein. Indeed, our transient expression experiments with wild type and mutant forms of NtCPK5/GFP fusion proteins showed that NtCPK5 was localized to the plasma membrane of onion epidermal cells and that the localization required the N-terminal acylation sites of NtCPK5/GFP. Taking together, our data have demonstrated the biochemical characteristics of a novel protein NtCPK5 and its subcellular localization as a membrane-anchoring protein.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对大鼠心肌细胞Ca2+信号的影响

目的:在培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞上,观察AngⅡ对Ca2 信号的影响,探讨其时间和空间形式.方法:以Fluo-4/AM荧光指示剂负载培养的心肌细胞,应用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察其变化.结果:在激光共聚焦显微镜下,观察到不论静息或受AngⅡ刺激的心肌细胞,均可见钙波在细胞内及相连的另一细胞间彼此传播的现象.正常心肌细胞内核的荧光强度高于核周与细胞浆,且存在小幅度的钙震荡,AngⅡ(10-6 mol/L)引起心肌细胞的核Ca2 和胞浆Ca2 荧光强度升高的同时,其钙震荡幅度明显升高,外源性一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(10-5mol/L)使钙的周期性震荡消失,荧光强度降低.同时还观察到加入AngⅡ(10-6 mol/L)后在部分心肌细胞膜上的不同部位,出现不能传播的钙闪烁团,在此基础上再加入硝普钠(10-5mol/L),不能取消AngⅡ所致的钙闪烁现象.结论:心肌细胞受AngⅡ刺激,可产生多种钙信号形式如钙闪烁、钙波、钙震荡以及瞬时性钙增高,可能在介导细胞功能的调节中起重要作用.     

An electron microscopic—cytochemical localization of plasma membrane Ca^2＋—ATPase activity in poplar apical bud cells during the induction of dormancy by short—day photoperiods

Plasma membrane(PM) Ca^2 -ATPase activity in poplar apical bud meristematic cells during short-day(SD)-induced dormancy development was examined by a cerium precipitation EM-cytochemical method.Ca^2 -ATPase activity,indicated by the status of cerium phosphate precipitated grains,was localized mainly on the interior face(cytoplasmic side) of the PM when plants were grown under long days and reached a deep dormancy.A few reaction products were also observed on the nuclear envelope.When plant buds were developing dormancy after 28 to 42 d of SD exposure,almost no reaction products were present on the interior face of the PM.In contrast,a large number of cerium phosphate precipitated grains were distributed on the exterior face of the PM.After 70 d of SD exposure,when buds had developed a deep dormancy,the reaction products of Ca^2 -ATPase activity again appeared on the interior face of the PM.The results seemed suggesting that two kinds of Ca^2 -ATP ases may be present on the PM during the SD-induced dormancy in poplar.One is the Ca^2 -pumping ATPase,which is located on the interior face of the PM,for maintaining and restoring the Ca^2 homeostasis.The other might be and ecto-Ca^2 -ATPase,which is located on the exterior face of the PM,for the exocytosis of cell wall materials as suggested by the fact of the cell wall thickening during the dormancy development in poplar.     

Effect of Bcl—2 and caspase—3 on calcium distribution in apoptosis of HL—60 cells

Apoptosis manifests in two major execution programs downstream of the death signal:the caspase pathway and organelle dysfunction.An important antiapoptosis factor,Bcl-2 protein,contributes in caspase pathway of apoptosis.Calcium,an important intracellular signal element in cells,is also observed to have changes during apoptosis,which maybe affected by Bcl-2 protein.We have previously reported that in Harringtonine (HT) induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells,there‘s change of intracellular calcium distribution,oving from cytoplast especially Golgi‘s apparatus to nucleus and accumulating there with the highest concentration.We report here that caspase-3 becomes activated in HT-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells,which can be inhibited by overexpression of Bcl-2 protein.No sign of apoptosis or intracellular calcium movement from Golgi‘s apparatus to nucleus in HL-60 cells overexpressing Bcl-2 or treated with Ac-DEVD-CHO,a specific inhibitor of caspase-3.The results indicate that activated caspase-2 can promote the movement of intracellular calcium from Golgi‘s apparatus to nucleus,and the process is inhibited by Ac-DEVD-CHO(inhibitor of caspase-3),and that Bcl-2 can inhibit the movement and accumulation of intracellular calcium in nucleus through its inhibition on caspase-3.Calcium relocalization in apoptosis seems to be irreversible,which is different from the intracellular calcium changes caused by growth factor.