Rapid Detection of Banana Streak Virus by Loop‐mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay in South China

Banana streak virus (BSV) is a significant constraint to banana production and genetic improvement. It is necessary to develop and use BSV detection strategies that are both reliable and sensitive for the management of the virus. A loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed and evaluated for the detection of BSV. Four primers matching a total of six sequences of the conserved ORF III polyprotein genes were synthesized for developing a specific and sensitive LAMP for DNA extracts from field‐infected banana plants. LAMP assay could detect as low as 1 pg/μl template DNA. Test results of all field samples collected from different regions of South China showed that LAMP is more sensitive than PCR. This relatively simple and sensitive technique showed excellent potential with field‐collected samples and for routine screening of tissue culture materials in South China.     

中国外来入侵植物研究现状及存在的问题

生物入侵是当今各国发展的一大挑战,特别是像中国这样的发展中国家。然而,我们对外来入侵种的本底资料还很不清楚,更缺乏相关的深入调查;对生物入侵所造成的生态和经济影响还没有引起足够的重视,同时也忽视了盲目引种可能带来的各种危害。本文在文献调研的基础上,从外来植物的入侵历史和文化、中国外来入侵植物的调查现状、外来植物入侵对生态安全及经济的影响等方面进行了全面系统的总结,并提出了中国外来入侵植物研究领域存在的问题及应对措施。     

中国植物志、Flora of China和维管植物新系统中科的比较

《中国植物志》和“Flora of China”是目前世界上最大型、记录植物种类最多的植物志,它为有效保护和合理利用我国的植物资源提供了极为重要的基础信息和科学依据。近年来,基于分子系统学研究提出的APG系统被广泛接受,相应方法得到的系统也相继应用于整个维管植物中。以APG系统为代表的维管植物新系统为全面和系统地修订植物志提供了新的系统框架。本文依据最新的分子系统学“线性排列”成果与《中国植物志》和“Flora of China”在科级水平上进行对比,确定了以APG系统为代表的分子系统框架下中国维管植物为309科,其中石松类和蕨类植物38科,裸子植物10科和被子植物261科。尽管中国维管植物不少科的界限发生了较大的变化,其总数却变化不大,在《中国植物志》中为300科,“Flora of China”为309科。此外,还重点介绍了一些主要科的变动情况。     

国产悬钩子属绢毛亚组新资料

报道了采自西藏墨脱县悬钩子属绢毛亚组Rubus subsect. Lineati (Focke) Yü et Lu两个中国新纪录种, 即酒红悬钩子R.calophyllus Clarke.和炫丽悬钩子R.splendidissimus Hara.     

Predator Assemblage Structure and Temporal Variability of Species Richness and Abundance in Forests of High Tree Diversity

Predators significantly affect ecosystem functions, but our understanding of to what extent findings can be transferred from experiments and low‐diversity systems to highly diverse, natural ecosystems is limited. With a particular threat of biodiversity loss at higher trophic levels, however, knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns in predator assemblages and their interrelations with lower trophic levels is essential for assessing effects of trophic interactions and advancing biodiversity conservation in these ecosystems. We analyzed spatial and temporal variability of spider assemblages in tree species‐rich subtropical forests in China, across 27 study plots varying in woody plant diversity and stand age. Despite effects of woody plant richness on spider assemblage structure, neither habitat specificity nor temporal variability of spider richness and abundance were influenced. Rather, variability increased with forest age, probably related to successional changes in spider assemblages. Our results indicate that woody plant richness and theory predicting increasing predator diversity with increasing plant diversity do not necessarily play a major role for spatial and temporal dynamics of predator assemblages in such plant species‐rich forests. Diversity effects on biotic or abiotic habitat conditions might be less pronounced across our gradient from medium to high plant diversity than in previously studied less diverse systems, and bottom‐up effects might level out at high plant diversity. Instead, our study highlights the importance of overall (diversity‐independent) environmental heterogeneity in shaping spider assemblages and, as indicated by a high species turnover between plots, as a crucial factor for biodiversity conservation at a regional scale in these subtropical forests.     

新疆阿尔泰山曲尾藓科2个中国新记录种

阿尔泰山是欧亚大陆最为宏伟的山脉之一,其中段的西南坡坐落于中国新疆境内,众多具温带性质的藓类植物分布于此。作者在对阿尔泰山进行苔藓植物区系调查过程中,发现了分布于阿尔泰山的喀纳斯自然保护区及布尔津县禾木乡的2个藓类植物中国新记录种——隶属曲尾藓科的短叶曲尾藓[Dicranum brevifolium(Lindb.)Lindb.]和卷叶小曲尾藓[Dicranella crispa(Hedw.)Schimp.]。由地理分布可知,短叶曲尾藓和卷叶小曲尾藓在中国皆为稀有种类。     

2011年《中国科学·生命科学》回顾

Research in the field of life science is movingforward at a high pace.Science China Life Sciences istrying to reflect this trend as much as possible bypublishing research articles of notable originaldiscoveries.     

铃子香属——华中植物区系一新记录属

首次报道了小叶铃子香分布于华中地区(湖北省),小叶铃子香植物以往仅在中国西部(陕西和甘肃省)有分布,这也是铃子香属在华中地区的首次分布记录。此发现为进一步阐明该属的生物地理起源和进化提供了新的证据。     

西秦岭地区志留/泥盆系过渡带中的鱼类微体化石及其组合序列

西秦岭是开展华南板块志留/泥盆系界线层序研究的一个重要地区.该区普通沟剖面中的志留/泥盆系过渡带包括羊路沟组上部和下普通沟组下部,产丰富的鱼类微体化石,包括花鳞鱼类、棘鱼类、软骨鱼类及盾皮鱼类.这些化石构成两个完全不同的鱼类微体化石组合:羊路沟组合和下普通沟组合.通过与波罗的海等地区鱼类微体化石带的对比,羊路沟和下普通沟组合的地质时代分别为志留纪普里道利世晚期和早泥盆世洛霍考夫期早期.西秦岭地区志留/泥盆系过渡带中的鱼类微体化石及其组合序列的研究,为该区志留/泥盆系界线的精确确定提供了重要的古鱼类学证据.     

A SKULL OF HIPPARION (PROBOSCIDIPPARION) SINENSE ( PERISSODACTYLA, EQUIDAE) FROM LONGDAN,DONGXIANG OF NORTHWESTERN CHINA——Addition to the Early Pleistocene Longdan Mammalian Fauna (3)

报道了在甘肃省东乡县龙担地点发现的中国长鼻三趾马Hipparion(Proboscidipparion)sinense头骨化石.此前在早更新世龙担动物群中记述过的长鼻三趾马材料仅有一枚第三掌骨,头骨化石的发现不仅使该动物群的三趾马种级分类得到证实,同时扩大了对这个种头骨和牙齿特征的认识.由于最初建种的正型标本为老年个体,此后也未发现过中国长鼻三趾马的完好头骨化石,因此龙担的新材料将为该种的特征补充更多重要的信息,尤其是鼻切迹的构成.其鼻骨下部呈一细窄条状向前强烈延伸,组成鼻颌切迹下缘的后部,其前端尖,到达P2/P3界线水平,与前颌骨鼻突的末梢间有30 mm的距离.这些特征的识别对判断长鼻三趾马的系统关系有重要意义.