A Putative Calcium-Permeable Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel, CNGC18, Regulates Polarized Pollen Tube Growth

A tip-focused Ca^2＋ gradient is tightly coupled to polarized pollen tube growth, and tip-localized influxes of extracellular Ca^2＋ are required for this process. However the molecular identity and regulation of the potential Ca^2＋ channels remains elusive. The present study has implicated CNGC18 （cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 18） in polarized pollen tube growth, because its overexpression induced wider and shorter pollen tubes. Moreover, CNGC18 overexpression induced depolarization of pollen tube growth was suppressed by lower extracellular calcium （[Ca^2＋]ex）. CNGC18-yellow fluorescence protein （YFP） was preferentially localized to the apparent post-Golgi vesicles and the plasma membrane （PM） in the apex of pollen tubes. The PM localization was affected by tip-localized ROP1 signaling. Expression of wild type ROP1 or an active form of ROP1 enhanced CNGC18-YFP localization to the apical region of the PM, whereas expression of RopGAP1 （a ROP1 deactivator） blocked the PM localization. These results support a role for PM-Iocalized CNGC18 in the regulation of polarized pollen tube growth through its potential function in the modulation of calcium influxes.     

Effects of peach branches returning on autotoxins and microbes in soil and tree growth of peaches

Aims This study aimed to investigate the effects of branch returning on the growth of peach (Amygdalus persica "Chunmei/Maotao") saplings, soil enzyme activity, and soil contents of phenolic acids and amygdalin, thereby providing scientific evidence against the application of branch returning for peach trees. Methods One-year-old potted peach tree (Amygdalus persica "Chunmei/Maotao") was used in this study with four agricultural treatments applied, including soil coverage by fragmented peach tree branches (fragment treatment;1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1) and applying leachate solutions of peach tree branches to soil (leachate treatment; 1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1). No branch addition was used as control (CK). Solid phase extraction, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), biological high-throughput sequencing was used to determine the content of autotoxic substances, and microbial community structure in soil. Soil coverage and leachate solution treatments of 30 g and 450 g branches applied to the peach trees were described as 1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1, respectively in this paper.Important findings Compared with CK, the phenolic acid and amygdalin contents significantly increased after both fragment and leachate treatments in high quantities (22.5 g·kg^-1). Soil microbial community structure altered in both treatments, with the proportion of fungi (particularly Agaricomycetes, Tubeufia and Cystofilobasidiaceae) increased significantly and bacteria decreased accordingly. Invertase activity in both high-quantity treatments exceeded that in the CK significantly. The activity of catalase and urease was higher at first and then decreased relative to CK under high-quantity fragment and leachate treatments. Specifically, the effect of leachate treatment on enzyme activity was higher than the fragment treatment in the short term. Chlorophyll content, ground diameter (diameter of 5 cm from the ground) growth and net photosynthesis rate of plants were lower in high-quantity fragment and leachate treatments than those in CK, with earlier retardation of new shoot growth. We observed an increase in soil phenolic acids and enzymes in treatments in normal pruning quantity, while no inhibition effect was found on the tree growth. In conclusion, autotoxins (such as phenolic acid and amygdalin) inhibited the growth of peach trees both directly and indirectly through changing soil enzyme activity and microbial community.     

抑制数个激酶的新药上市改变了药物治疗状况

由于抗癌剂难以奏效，肾细胞癌首选的药物治疗方法还是使用免疫赋活剂。     

一种新的LncRNA——linc00324在乳腺癌细胞中的定位和表达分析

本研究旨在探究linc00324在侵袭能力不同的乳腺癌细胞中的表达情况及其作为乳腺癌诊断与预后判断的标志物的可能性。本研究首先通过核质分离得到MDA-MB-231细胞核中和细胞质中RNA,利用荧光定量PCR技术探究linc00324在细胞核和细胞质中的表达情况;其次提取了侵袭能力不同的MCF-7和MDA-MB-231两种细胞中的RNA,逆转录后进行荧光定量PCR,探究linc00324在两种细胞中的表达量。分析结果表明,linc00324主要表达于细胞质中,并且在侵袭能力较强的MDA-MB-231细胞中表达量较低,在侵袭能力较低的MCF-7细胞中表达量较高。本研究结果提示linc00324可能与乳腺癌发展和乳腺癌细胞侵袭转移存在关系,可作为乳腺癌预后判断的潜在标志物。     

siRNA干扰PDGF对新生儿血管瘤干细胞的增殖和分化的影响

婴儿血管瘤是一种血管瘤,表现出独特的快速生长的特征,然后随着时间而消退。血管瘤来自CD133+干细胞,当植入免疫缺陷小鼠时,它们分化成内皮细胞。同样克隆扩增的干细胞也产生脂肪细胞,从而重现血管瘤的消退期。本研究主要阐明了使用血管瘤来源的干细胞(hemSC)增殖和分化的内在机制。本研究发现血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)在增殖期升高并可能抑制脂肪细胞分化。hemSC表达高水平的PDGF-b并且在基础(未刺激)条件下显示PDGF受体的持续酪氨酸磷酸化。PDGF受体信号传导的抑制导致hemSCs中的脂肪生成增强。此外,hemSCs暴露于外源性PDGF-b降低了脂肪含量和脂肪细胞特异性转录因子的表达。总之,本研究将PDGF信号传导鉴定为血管瘤退化的内在负调节因子,并强调了破坏PDGF信号传导治疗血管瘤的治疗潜力。