樟树叶挥发性成分研究

通过GC/MS方法,对湖南樟树嫩叶、老叶以及枯叶挥发油的成分和抗氧化性能进行了研究,分析鉴定了其中含量占95%以上的31个化合物.结果表明:嫩叶中以Copaene(28.55%)、石竹烯(25.81%)和α-石竹烯(12.69%)为主要成分;老叶挥发油以芳樟醇含量最高(78.30%);枯叶挥发油主含石竹烯(38.64%...     

新疆两栖爬行动物考察报告

2006年7月18日~8月14日,由四川大学、中科院成都生物研究所和台湾国立中山大学组成新疆两栖爬行动物考察队,对南北疆进行了为期近一个月的野外考察。本次考察共采集标本328号,经鉴定共23种,分隶11属7科,其中两栖纲2科2属4种,爬行纲5科9属19种。本次调查还发现了一些蜥蜴和蛇种的新分布记录。     

有机肥和套种对干热区火龙果土壤微生物特性和产量、品质的影响

为探明施用有机肥和套种对红心火龙果(Hylocereus costaricensis)种植的优势机理,以干热区红心火龙果园为研究对象,探索有机肥施用量(F₀:0 t·hm^-2和F₂₀:20 t·hm^-2)和套种方式(MP:单种火龙果,IP:火龙果套种花生(Arachis hypogaea)和IS:火龙果套种大豆(Glycine max))对土壤微生物数量、微生物生物量、酶活性以及红心火龙果产量、品质的影响,并分析产量、品质与土壤微生物特性之间的关系。结果表明：与F₀处理相比,F₂₀处理显著增加土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量和微生物生物量碳、氮、磷,增加土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性,提高红心火龙果产量和品质。在F₀和F₂₀条件下,相比于MP处理,IP和IS处理明显增加土壤微生物数量、微生物生物量氮以及蔗糖酶和脲酶活性;而IP和IS处理仅在F₂₀条件下显著提高土壤微生物生物量碳、磷和...     

饲养东北虎的微卫星变异研究

东北虎是世界上濒危动物之一,具有极其重要的研究价值和保护意义。该研究利用10个在东北虎基因组中表现多态性的微卫星基因座（Fca005, Fca075, Fca094, Fca152, Fca161, Fca294, Pti002, Pti003, Pti007和Pti010）对113只饲养东北虎进行了遗传多样性检测。用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测微卫星的PCR扩增产物,计算了10个微卫星基因座的等位基因频率、基因杂合度、多态信息含量和有效等位基因数。在113只东北虎样品中,10个基因座的等位基因数为3～6个,其中Fca152最多;等位基因频率处于0.009～0.767之间。基因杂合度值在0.385～0.707间,平均为0.616,多态信息含量值在0.353～0.658间,平均为0.558,有效等位基因数处于1.629～3.409之间,平均为2.784,表明所选用的10个微卫星基因座在研究样品中均为中高度多态性基因座,具有比较明显的遗传变异。113只样品中包括75只毛发样品,23只血液样品和15只组织样品,不同样品的结果比较表明,毛发、血液和组织样品均可以得到清晰的扩增结果。所以,微卫星基因座与非损伤性DNA分析方法可以成功地应用于濒危珍稀动物的遗传多样性研究。 Abstract:. The tiger is one of the most threatened wildlife species since the abundance and distribution of tiger have decreased dramatically in the last century. The wild Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) only distributed in northeast China, the far east area of Russia and the north Korea and its size of wild population is about 450 in the world and 20 in China. Several hundred captive populations of Amur tigers are the main source to protect gene library of tiger and the source of recovering the wild populations. The Breeding Center for Felidae at Hengdaohezi and Ha’erbin Tiger Park in Heilongjiang Province is the biggest captive breeding base in China. How to make clear the genetic pedigree and establish reasonable breeding system is the urgent issues. So we use the microsatellite DNA markers and non-invasive technology to research on the genetic diversity of captive Amur tiger in this study. Ten microsatellite loci (Fca005, Fca075, Fca094, Fca152, Fca161, Fca294, Pti002, Pti003, Pti007 and Pti010), highly variable nuclear markers, were studied their genetic diversity in 113 captive Amur tigers. The PCR amplified products of microsatellite loci were detected by non-denatured polyacry lamide gel electrophoresis. Allele numbers, allelic frequency, gene heterozygosity(He), polymorphism information content(PIC) and effective number of allele(Ne) were calculated. 41 alleles were found and their size were ranged from 110bp to 250bp in ten microsatellite loci, Fca152 had 6 alleles, Fca075, Fca094 and Fca294 had 5 alleles, Fca005 and Pti002 had 4 alleles and the others had 3 alleles in all tiger samples, respectively. The allelic frequencies were from 0.009 to 0.767; The He ranged from 0.385 to 0.707, and Fca294 and Pti010 locus had the highest and lowest value; the PIC were from 0.353 to 0.658, Fca294 and Pti010 locus had the highest and lowest value; and Ne were from 1.626 to 3.409, Fca294 and Pti010 locus had the highest and lowest value, which showed the ten microsatellie loci had high or medium polymorphism in these Amur tigers and had high genetic diversity. At the same time, we only found even bases variability which showed the even bases repeat sequence (CA/GT) maybe the basic unit for length variability of microsatellite in all loci. In this study, the samples were made up of 75 hair specimens, 23 blood specimens and 15 tissue specimens, we obtained the genome DNA from hairs using the non-invasive DNA technology and demonstrated that DNA derived from hair samples is as good as that obtained from blood samples for the analaysis of microsatellite polymorphism. These results imply that microsatellite DNA markers and non-invasive DNA technology can help study the genetic diversity of Amur tiger. This method could be used in the captive management of other endangered species.     

洞庭湖四种黄颡鱼基因组DNA遗传多样性的RAPD分析

以洞庭湖瓦氏黄颡鱼、光泽黄颡鱼、长须黄颡鱼、普通黄颡鱼的基因组DNA为材料对 4种黄颡鱼进行了遗传多样性随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分析。通过筛选的 90个引物对 4种黄颡鱼基因组DNA的扩增 ,获得了 36个有效引物 ,并计算出了 4种黄颡鱼群体间的遗传相似系数和遗传距离 ,遗传距离最大的为普通黄颡鱼和瓦氏黄颡鱼 (D =0 9895 ) ,遗传距离最小的为普通黄颡鱼和光泽黄颡鱼 (D =0 672 0 )。同时运用聚类分析 (UPGMA)的方法建立了 4种黄颡鱼的聚类图。     

小陇山种子植物区系组成及特征的研究

小陇山位于秦岭的西端,地处亚热带向暖温带的过渡区域,种子植物区系组成丰富,有种子植物150科805属2400多种。100种以上的大科有菊科,蔷薇科、禾本科、蝶形花科,50~100种的有毛莨科、百合科、伞形科、莎草科、唇形科、忍冬科等,这些科属大多为温带性质。该区系地理成分复杂,具有15个种子植物属的分布类型,表明了与世界各地区植物区系的联系程度。温带分布的类型占绝对优势,由于小陇山地理位置特殊,决定了其成为多种地理成分的汇集地,区系中单种科、少种科属及古特有属相对丰富,孓遗植物和珍稀植物较多,说明了该区系的古老性。     

视觉系统中的性别差异

大脑性别差异一直是神经科学领域中的一个热门话题.以前的性别差异研究往往关注与高级认知相关的脑区结构和功能差异,而对低级感知觉系统中的性别差异没有足够的重视.近年来,越来越多的研究结果表明,男性和女性在视知觉功能上也存在着明显的差异.本文首先回顾和梳理了视觉系统中存在性别差异的行为学和神经生物学证据,然后对视觉系统中性别差异的来源提出了两种可能的解释,接着讨论了视知觉功能存在性别差异的进化学意义,最后强调了在感知觉研究中把性别作为一个实验变量的的重要性,并对后续的性别差异研究提出了一些具体的建议.     

兴凯湖翘嘴鲴种群结构的变化

兴凯湖是中俄界湖,1982年、1998年对兴凯湖翘嘴鳇捕获群体的生长、年龄进行研究。体重、体长关系式为：1982：W=0．01223L^2.99743(r=0．9757,n=226)1998：W=0．007843L^310611(r=0．9764,n=258)生长方程为：1982：L=103．1567(t-e^-0.1173(1 1.36826) W=13266．1252(1-e^-0.1173(t 136826))^2.9974 1998:L=105．3910(t-e^-0.1262(t 0.597065)W=15049．8555(1-e^-0.1262(t 0.597065))3.10611在1982年渔获物中,4—11龄的性成熟鱼占56．0％,1998年占12．8％。1998年的渔获物中1龄幼鱼数量剧增,占38．7％,捕捞群体年龄结构严重低龄化,1998-2002年中国境内没有发现产卵汛场。     

氯化铅对豌豆根尖细胞微核和异常分裂的作用（简报）

0．5－30mg.L^-1的氯化铅溶液对豌豆根尖生长无影响,但微核总数及微核率明显增高,并诱发产生染色体断片,粘连,滞后,染色体桥等异常分裂。诱导的比率与氯化铅溶液浓度和作用时间呈正相关。用40mg.L氯化铅处理的豌豆根尖生长发育受抑,微核率下降,据此认为废水排放标准中应增加遗传毒理学指标。