昆虫抑性欲素研究进展

抑性欲素(anti-aphrodisiac)是雄性昆虫在交配过程中留给雌性的气味物质,该物质可以降低交配过的雌性对其它同种雄性的吸引力。本文综述了有抑性欲素研究报道的昆虫种类、抑性欲素对蝶类性行为的影响以及赤眼蜂对昆虫抑性欲素利用情况的研究进展。     

镰刀菌真菌毒素产生与调控机制研究进展

镰刀菌是一种重要的植物病原菌,给世界范围内农作物生产带来巨大破坏。除导致产量下降外,由其产生的镰刀菌真菌毒素能够污染农产品品质,给动物和人类食物安全造成严重隐患。单端孢霉烯族毒素（Trichothecenes）、伏马菌素（Fumonisin）和玉米赤霉烯酮（Zearalenone）是三种最重要的镰刀菌真菌毒素。镰刀菌真菌毒素的生物合成与生产受到体内一系列相关功能基因的调控;此外,pH值、碳氮比等环境条件也能影响真菌毒素的产量。本文简述了镰刀菌真菌毒素在产生机理、主要分类、致病性以及调控因素等方面的研究进展。     

Quantification of plant surface metabolites by matrix‐assisted laser desorption–ionization mass spectrometry imaging: glucosinolates on Arabidopsis thaliana leaves

The localization of metabolites on plant surfaces has been problematic because of the limitations of current methodologies. Attempts to localize glucosinolates, the sulfur‐rich defense compounds of the order Brassicales, on leaf surfaces have given many contradictory results depending on the method employed. Here we developed a matrix‐assisted laser desorption–ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry protocol to detect surface glucosinolates on Arabidopsis thaliana leaves by applying the MALDI matrix through sublimation. Quantification was accomplished by spotting glucosinolate standards directly on the leaf surface. The A. thaliana leaf surface was found to contain approximately 15 nmol of total glucosinolate per leaf with about 50 pmol mm^?2 on abaxial (bottom) surfaces and 15–30 times less on adaxial (top) surfaces. Of the major compounds detected, 4‐methylsulfinylbutylglucosinolate, indol‐3‐ylmethylglucosinolate, and 8‐methylsulfinyloctylglucosinolate were also major components of the leaf interior, but the second most abundant glucosinolate on the surface, 4‐methylthiobutylglucosinolate, was only a trace component of the interior. Distribution on the surface was relatively uniform in contrast to the interior, where glucosinolates were distributed more abundantly in the midrib and periphery than the rest of the leaf. These results were confirmed by two other mass spectrometry‐based techniques, laser ablation electrospray ionization and liquid extraction surface analysis. The concentrations of glucosinolates on A. thaliana leaf surfaces were found to be sufficient to attract the specialist feeding lepidopterans Plutella xylostella and Pieris rapae for oviposition. The methods employed here should be easily applied to other plant species and metabolites.     

Plastid proteome prediction for diatoms and other algae with secondary plastids of the red lineage

The plastids of ecologically and economically important algae from phyla such as stramenopiles, dinoflagellates and cryptophytes were acquired via a secondary endosymbiosis and are surrounded by three or four membranes. Nuclear‐encoded plastid‐localized proteins contain N‐terminal bipartite targeting peptides with the conserved amino acid sequence motif ‘ASAFAP’. Here we identify the plastid proteomes of two diatoms, Thalassiosira pseudonana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, using a customized prediction tool (ASAFind) that identifies nuclear‐encoded plastid proteins in algae with secondary plastids of the red lineage based on the output of SignalP and the identification of conserved ‘ASAFAP’ motifs and transit peptides. We tested ASAFind against a large reference dataset of diatom proteins with experimentally confirmed subcellular localization and found that the tool accurately identified plastid‐localized proteins with both high sensitivity and high specificity. To identify nucleus‐encoded plastid proteins of T. pseudonana and P. tricornutum we generated optimized sets of gene models for both whole genomes, to increase the percentage of full‐length proteins compared with previous assembly model sets. ASAFind applied to these optimized sets revealed that about 8% of the proteins encoded in their nuclear genomes were predicted to be plastid localized and therefore represent the putative plastid proteomes of these algae.     

足迹家族研究综述

综合测度人类社会的可持续发展状态是生态经济学者追求的重要目标。足迹家族由生态足迹、碳足迹和水足迹等一系列足迹类指标整合而成,旨在为决策者系统评估与权衡人类活动的环境影响提供理论和技术支持。从理论探索、整合实践和分类比较等三方面对足迹家族的研究现状进行了综述;在此基础上围绕极具争议的足迹定义、计算方法和加权方式等问题,深入分析了阻碍当前研究进一步推进的关键性因素;指出未来应从建立足迹类型学、完善跨区域投入产出模型、细化产品和机构环境足迹标准等方面入手,推动实现足迹家族的量化整合;并首次提出了足迹家族与行星边界耦合的构想,以期为监测和预警人类活动的生态阈值、促进环境影响评价向可持续性评价转变提供科学依据。     

石蒜属植物的研究进展(综述)

对石蒜属植物的资源分布、化学成分及其提取分离、药理作用、引种驯化、生态效益、园林应用等方面的研究和利用现状进行综述,并对其资源开发与可持续利用提出建议。     

濒危植物银鹊树研究进展(综述)

本文从分类地位、形态特征、生态学、繁殖栽培和资源开发等方面,对我国银鹊树的研究进展进行较为系统地综述,并提出保护建议,为今后对该植物的进一步研究提供参考。