The RAF family：an expanding network of post—traslational controls and protein—protein interactions

Protein kinase RAF is strategically located in the “Ras-MAP-kinase signal transduction pathway“,a principle system which transmits signals from growth factor receptors to the nucleus,resulting in cell proliferation.Growth factor responses are mediated in part by activation of Ras,which in turn activates RAF to phosphorylate MEK,its downstream substrate.MEK activates MAPkinase to in fluence nuclear events.it is clear.however,that a network of signals other than those carred by Ras plays a role in RAF regulation.These orthogonal influences are mediated bu:serine/threonine kinases,tyrosine kinases,and protein-protein interactions.As a further complication to the RAF network,three isoforms of RAF have been established which have divergent N-terminal regulatory domains,Whereas these divergent regulatory domains implicate isoform-specific functions,no clear evidence or hypothesis for distinct functions for individual isoforms has been presented.Recently,“isoform-specific protein interactions“have been identified among numerous proteins interacting with RAF,These studies may serve to delineate independent functions for RAF isoforms.     

蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗视网膜血管阻塞5例报告

蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗视网膜血管阻塞５例报告刘秉乾，周素怀，唐美琳湖南邵阳医院康复科湖南邵阳医院功能科湖南邵阳医院眼科视网膜血管阻塞通常是由于某种原因所致的栓塞而引起的急性视网膜血管病变。初起，临床主要表现为视力急剧下降，如未获得及时有效治疗，可造成永久性失...     

一种非破坏性监测培养植物细胞的简易方法

在研究悬浮培养中植物细胞的生长规律时,常常采用多次分批法测定生长曲线,但工作量大,且存在着个体差异,以致测定的结果有误差。为此,我们研制出一体化非破坏性监测的培养装置(图1),对剌五加体细胞胚进行培养,监测其体积增长变化,并得到剌五加体细胞胚的生长模型,现简介如下。 1 培养装置由培养的三角瓶和监测体积的量筒组成,两者的容积比为5∶2。结构简单,操作方便。     

口吃的症状分类

难发性：第一个字的发音特别困难，尽管做了很大的努力，也只能在喉部发出低微、沉闷的声音，如“嗯……嗯……嗯……大家好”。     

国外信息

1.细胞蛋白可通过表观遗传调控使反转录病毒沉默:发现一种新的抗病毒作用(J Virol,2008,82:2313～2323).     

《自然》：科学家解释肥胖为何易引发肝癌

肥胖容易引发脂肪肝甚至肝癌，日本研究人员通过动物实验证实。这是由于肥胖后肠道内的一种菌群增加使肝细胞老化。从而导致癌变。