真核翻译起始因子5A和多胺代谢及肿瘤的关系

真核翻译起始因子5A(eIF5A)是真核生物中普遍存在且高度保守的蛋白质,含有一个独特的氨基酸——羟腐胺赖氨酸,该氨基酸是在赖氨酸的基础上经翻译后修饰而成,该过程与多胺代谢密切相关。研究发现,eIF5A和多胺代谢以及肿瘤的发生发展密切相关,有望成为抗肿瘤靶向治疗新的分子靶点。现就eIF5A和多胺代谢及肿瘤关系的研究进展作一简要综述。     

核糖体展示技术在非编码核酸研究中的应用

非编码RNA(non-coding RNA)是一类内源性的不具有蛋白质编码功能的RNA分子,在细胞的生长增殖、发育、核内运输,甚至在肿瘤的发生中发挥着重要的作用。核糖体展示技术(ribosome profiling)是多聚核糖体分离和深度测序技术(deep sequencing)相结合的新兴组学技术,可以精确地测定正在被翻译的转录本并具有组学广度。对非编码RNA研究而言,这既是一个新的高度又是一门新的技术。系统阐述了核糖体展示技术的实验原理、目前研究取得的进展,以及在非编码RNA调控机理中的应用。     

PTEN蛋白的翻译后修饰

第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶与张力蛋白同源物(phosphatase and tensin homolog,PTEN)基因所编码的PTEN蛋白兼具有脂质和蛋白磷酸酶活性,它的表达、活性和稳定性受到各种结合蛋白、酶和因子的调节。结合最新研究,本文将集中对PTEN上氨基酸残基位点的各种翻译后修饰进行一综述。     

The Translational Apparatus of Plastids and Its Role in Plant Development

Chloroplasts （plastids） possess a genome and their own machinery to express it. Translation in plastids occurs on bacterial-type 70S ribosomes utilizing a set of tRNAs that is entirely encoded in the plastid genome. In recent years, the components of the chloroplast translational apparatus have been intensely studied by proteomic approaches and by reverse genetics in the model systems tobacco （plastid-encoded components） and Arabidopsis （nucleus-encoded components）. This work has provided important new insights into the structure, function, and biogenesis of chloroplast ribosomes, and also has shed fresh light on the molecular mechanisms of the translation process in plastids. In addition, mutants affected in plastid translation have yielded strong genetic evidence for chloroplast genes and gene products influencing plant develop- ment at various levels, presumably via retrograde signaling pathway（s）. In this review, we describe recent progress with the functional analysis of components of the chloroplast translational machinery and discuss the currently available evidence that supports a significant impact of plastid translational activity on plant anatomy and morphology.     

Open and Closed： The Roles of Linker Histones in Plants and Animals

Histones package DNA in all eukaryotes and play key roles in regulating gene expression. Approximately 150 base pairs of DNA wraps around an octamer of core histones to form the nucleosome, the basic unit of chromatin. Linker histones compact chromatin further by binding to and neutralizing the charge of the DNA between nucleosomes. It is well established that chromatin packing is regulated by a complex pattern of posttranslational modifications （PTMs） to core histones, but linker histone function is less well understood. In this review, we describe the current understand- ing of the many roles that linker histones play in cellular processes, including gene regulation, cell division, and devel- opment, while putting the linker histone in the context of other nuclear proteins. Although intriguing roles for plant linker histones are beginning to emerge, much of our current understanding comes from work in animal systems. Many unanswered questions remain and additional work is required to fully elucidate the complex processes mediated by linker histones in plants.     

Acetylation control of metabolic enzymes in cancer： an updated version

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the critical features in cancer. Tumor cells preferentially utilize glycolysis instead of oxidative phosphorylation in the presence of oxygen, namely ＇Warburg Effect＇. Recent studies have provided new insights into the Warburg effect, elucidating metabol- ic-dependent and independent mechanisms of metabolic enzymes regulated by post-translational modifications and providing further evidence for the critical role of these tricks in cancer metabolism and tumorigenesis. Of particu- lar interest, we summarized the latest advances in both the metabolic and the non-metabolic functions of metabolic enzymes via the acetylation regulation in the Warburg effect. In addition, their potential roles in cancer metabol- ism therapy will also be briefly discussed.     

从思想意识层面分析译者主体性的制约因素

随着"译者主体性"研究的深入和发展,有众多学者开始对"译者主体性的制约因素"问题进行深入探讨。但就研究结果来看,还只是在理论层面上进行简单探讨和主观判断,很少有人就具体的译例进行实证分析。本论文试图在前人研究的基础上运用阐释学、功能翻译理论等相关论说,采用演绎的手法,通过对萧红作品《手》的两个不同时期日译本的比较,从思想意识层面来分析翻译结果不同的原因。     

真核mRNA的3′非翻译区转录后水平调控作用研究进展

真核生物mRNA的3′非翻译区(3′_UTR)在基因表达的转录后调控中起着重要作用:3′_UTR内存在末端加工信号以指导mRNA3′末端的加工;3′_UTR不但控制mRNA的稳定性及降解速率、协助辨认特殊密码子,而且还控制着mRNA的翻译时间、位点及控制其翻译起始及效率等。     

对数生长与G_0期人包皮成纤维细胞Stat1对INF-α刺激反应的差异

Stat1 (信号转导与转录活化子 1 )的激活与刺激因子和细胞组织类型有关 ,它的活化受体有组织分布特异性 .本研究比较 G0 期和对数生长周期两个不同状态体外培养的人包皮成纤维细胞受到干扰素 ( INF-α)刺激后 Stat1基因 m RNA、蛋白质表达以及蛋白质合成效率的差异 .结果表明 :成对数生长的细胞 Stat1的m RNA表达量较对照组增加达 1 0倍左右 ,蛋白质表达增加 3～ 4倍左右 ;G0 期细胞 Stat1的 m RNA表达量较对照组增加约 3～ 4倍 ,蛋白质表达增加约 3～ 4倍 ;对数生长细胞 Stat1蛋白质合成效率明显降低 ,在翻译水平可能有调控 .以上结果提示对数生长和 Go 细胞对 INF-α刺激反应有差异