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51.
氯丙醇酯是国际上广泛关注的食品加工过程污染物,其水解产物氯丙醇对人体(特别是婴幼儿)危害风险较大。采用固相萃取与气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)联用技术,对食用植物油和含脂食品中的氯丙醇酯[3-氯-1,2-丙二醇脂肪酸酯(简称3-MCPD酯)和2-氯-1,3-丙二醇脂肪酸酯(简称2-MCPD酯)]进行检测。该方法准确度高(3-MCPD酯和2-MCPD酯的平均回收率分别为98.9%和96.5%)、灵敏度高(3-MCPD酯和2-MCPD酯的检出限分别为0.042 mg·kg-1和0.058 mg·kg-1)、重现性好(相对标准偏差均低于5%)。76批次监测样品中,3-MCPD酯和2-MCPD酯的含量分别为0.042~4.865 mg·kg-1(平均值为0.773 mg·kg-1)和0.058~2.592 mg·kg-1(平均值为0.469 mg·kg-1)。经机构间的协同验证和英国FAPAS样的能力验证,2种氯丙醇酯在0.200~3.000 mg·kg-1范围内线性良好,为进一步研究奠定了基础,同时也为食品加工企业严格控制生产过程建立了一种可行的检测方法。 相似文献
52.
Propan-2-ol was used as an acyl acceptor for immobilized lipase-catalyzed preparation of biodiesel. The optimum conditions
for transesterification of crude jatropha (Jatropha curcas), karanj (Pongamia pinnata) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oils were 10% Novozym-435 (immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B) based on oil weight, alcohol to oil molar ratio of 4:1 at 50 °C for 8 h. The maximum conversions achieved using
propan-2-ol were 92.8, 91.7 and 93.4% from crude jatropha, karanj and sunflower oils, respectively. Reusability of the lipase
was maintained over 12 repeated cycles with propan-2-ol while it reached to zero by 7th cycle when methanol was used as an acyl acceptor, under standard reaction conditions.
Revisions requested 22 December 2005; Revisions received 26 January 2006 相似文献
53.
Characterization of a fungal strain capable of degrading chlorpyrifos and
its use in detoxification of the insecticide on vegetables 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A fungal strain capable of utilizing chlorpyrifos as sole carbon and energy sources was isolated from soil by enrichment cultivation approach. The half-lives of degradation (DT50) for chlorpyrifos at concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 mg l−1 by the fungal strain DSP in mineral salt medium were measured to be 2.03, 2.93, and 3.49 days, respectively. Two cell-free extracts [E (1:10) and E (1:20)] from the fungal strain DSP in bran–glucose medium were prepared and used to enhance chlorpyrifos degradation on vegetables. Compared with the controls, the DT50 of chlorpyrifos were reduced by 70.3%, 65.6%, 80.6%, 80.6%, and 86.1%, and by 53.8%, 43.2%, 66.0%, 54.3%, and 67.7% on E (1:20) and E (1:10) treated pakchoi, water spinach, Malabar spinach, haricot beans, and pepper, respectively. The 7-day residual values (R
7) of chlorpyrifos on E (1:10) treated vegetables were all lower than the corresponding maximum residue levels of European Union (EU MRLs), except that the R
7 value on haricot beans was slightly higher than the corresponding EU MRLs. The results indicate that cell-free extracts could rapidly degrade chlorpyrifos residues on vegetables. 相似文献
54.
间种蔬菜对甘蔗地生态环境和甘蔗生长的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
甘蔗 (SaccharumofficinarumL .)是广西重要的经济作物 ,种植面积达 4 5 33× 10 6ha[1] ,甘蔗的前期生长比较缓慢 ,行间有比较大的可利用空间 ,到6月下旬~ 7月上旬才进入迅速生长期并逐渐封行。有研究表明 ,在甘蔗园间种玉米对甘蔗的生长发育和产量有一定的影响[5] ,而合理间种豆科作物 (黄豆和花生 )不仅不影响甘蔗的正常生长发育 ,还可以增加甘蔗的产量[4 ,6] 。但间种作物对甘蔗园生态环境的影响未见报道 ,我们于 1997- 1999年在桂西北开展了甘蔗园间种经济效益比较高的蔬菜作物的试验 ,并对间种甘蔗园生态环… 相似文献
55.
Leuconostoc mesenteroides BLAC was grown on MRS broth or on a carrot juice medium, and the effects of sugar concentration, type of pH control, aeration
and fermentor size on viable counts were examined. The effect on viability of the type of centrifuge used to concentrate the
bacterial culture was also examined. When the MRS broth had the traditional 110 mM glucose, pH control did not increase the
final population. However, using a zone pH control mode, increasing the glucose content of MRS both from 110 to 220 mM almost
doubled the population. In MRS broth, the amount of acetic acid produced was the same for all treatments, and was proportional
to the amount of citrate consumed. There was a significantly lower cell yield in the carrot juice medium when the pH was not
regulated. In the carrot juice medium, pH had a more pronounced effect on the final population level than did aeration, even
though the quantity of viable cells was greater when the culture was aerated. In MRS broth, glucose was completely consumed
during fermentation, but this was not the case in carrot juice medium. Aeration resulted in increased acetic acid content
of the fermented medium. Viable counts were not affected by scaling the volume of the fermentation from 2 to 15 l ,or by the
type of centrifuge used to concentrate the cells. Cells were concentrated by a factor of 10, but in both centrifuge types,
viable counts showed only an eightfold average increase. However, freeze-dried powders obtained from the continuous pilot-plant-centrifuged
cultures had, on the average, 33% lower populations than those obtained from the laboratory unit. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2002) 28, 291–296 DOI: 10.1038/sj/jim/7000245
Received 09 July 2001/ Accepted in revised form 25 January 2002 相似文献
56.
Prediction of lipid accumulation-degradation in oleaginous micro-organisms growing on vegetable oils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Oleaginous micro-organisms (yeasts, moulds), in culture media having the carbon source as limited factor, degrade reserve lipids and produce new biomass, after the onset of carbon exhaustion from the medium. In this paper the process of lipid accumulation-degradation in oleaginous micro-organisms, growing on a vegatable oil was simulated. The model was integrated with 4 different methods and the parameters were optimised with the least squares method. It was found that the degradation of endocellular carbon pool is a very slow process characterised, however, by a good yield in fat-free biomass. Low values of the specific growth rates of the fat-free microbial mass, both from consumption of extra cellular and endocellular carbon pools, favourite the production of microbial lipid. The maximum of the specific rate of lipid accumulation is positively affected by the low values of the specific growth rate of the fat-free microbial mass from consumption of extra cellular carbon pool, but remained unaffected by the specific growth rate of the fat-free microbial mass from consumption of endocellular carbon pool. On the other hand, lipid production and specific rate of lipid accumulation are positively influenced by the high values of the specific rate of storage lipid formation. In conclusion, this numerical model can be used in the laboratory as pilot for planing further experimental work. 相似文献
57.
Differential effects of five types of antipathogenic plant peptides on model membranes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jos Manuel M. Caaveiro Antonio Molina Juan M. Gonzlez-Maas Pablo Rodríguez-Palenzuela Francisco García-Olmedo Flix M. Goi 《FEBS letters》1997,410(2-3)
The effects of five antipathogenic plant peptides, wheat α-thionin, potato PTH1 defensin, barley LTP2 lipid transfer protein, and potato tuber DL1 and DL2 defensins, have been tested against phospholipid vesicles (liposomes). Wheat thionin very actively induces aggregation and leakage of negatively charged vesicles. LTP2 displays the same activities, although to a limited extent. Under certain conditions PTH1 and DL2 induce vesicle aggregation, but not leakage. Potato defensin DL1 failed to show any effect on liposomes. The same peptides have been assayed against a plant pathogenic bacterium, both the membrane-active and -inactive compounds having efficient antibacterial action. 相似文献
58.
Site-specific isotope fractionation of hydrogen in the biosynthesis of plant fatty acids 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The overall deuterium content of plant lipids has been investigated by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), and the site-specific natural isotope fractionation of hydrogen has been studied by 2H-NMR at natural abundance (SNIF-NMR). An analytical strategy has been developed in order to exploit the isotopomeric composition determined in clusters associated with different chemical sites of one or several fatty acid components. The method, which combines spectrometric and chromatographic data, enables isotopic criteria to be directly derived from raw vegetable oils containing in general two saturated and two unsaturated fatty acids. These results provide new information on isotopic fractionation caused by biochemical, physiological and natural environmental effects. Some alternation in the molecular deuterium distribution has been detected which may be related to the mechanism of fatty acid elongation. The successive methylene groups introduced through malonyl CoA are the subjects of different kinetic isotope effects since one of them is exclusively derived from NADH whereas the other has a contribution from pyruvate. A discriminant analysis of the cluster isotopic parameters enables several kinds of botanical precursors to be distinguished. The authenticating performances can be improved by taking into account the influence of climatic effects related to the region in which the plant grew. 相似文献
59.
江苏野菜资源的利用与开发 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
江苏野菜资源丰富,共计192种,隶属44科108属,其中蕨类植物7科15属51种,种子植物37科93属141种。江苏野菜利用历史悠久,近年已发展成为规模种植,产生良好的经济效益和社会效益。 相似文献
60.
新的生物杀虫剂螨虫素对棉花、蔬菜害虫的毒力评价及应用技术研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文通过生物杀虫剂螨虫素对棉花、蔬菜害虫的毒力评价及田间应用研究表明,它对棉朱砂叶螨和菜青虫两种害虫杀伤力最强,其中LC90分别为0.078ppm和0.013ppm。兼有胃毒、触杀作用,残效期较长,分别达13天和9天。田间小区试验认为防治菜青虫和茄朱砂叶螨以2ppm浓度为宜。防治适期为卵孵化初期或低龄幼(若)虫(螨)期,其防效能达90%以上。该药特点用药量低、效果好、无公害、值得推广。 相似文献