金融支持生物多样性保护: 全球实践及政策启示

生物多样性丧失带来的社会经济和金融风险, 以及金融机构在生物多样性保护融资方面发挥的重要作用已经在全球范围内形成广泛共识。本文聚焦各国近年来在金融支持生物多样性领域的实践探索, 重点从国家和区域层面金融产品的创新实践总结了各国的先进实践经验, 并提出全球金融机构参与生物多样性保护的未来发展趋势。由于目前中国金融支持生物多样性保护普遍存在国家层面相关规范和指导不足、金融机构生物多样性风险防控意识缺乏、相关金融产品不足、生物多样性风险评估方法不成熟、信息披露机制不完善等问题与短板, 本文提出我国金融机构参与生物多样性保护的多元化支持路径和建议: 全面推进生物多样性保护纳入绿色金融标准体系, 制定相关政策引导金融机构创新生物多样性友好型金融产品, 加快开发生物多样性影响的评估工具, 完善企业和金融机构生物多样性信息披露制度。     

Utilization of mercapto-2-ethanol as medium reductant for determination of the metabolic response of methanogens towards inorganic sulfur compounds

Abstract Mercapto-2-ethanol was examined as a nontoxic and non-metabolizable reducing agent for growth of methanogens. It was used as a medium reductant to prove that Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum and Methanobacterium strain ivanov grew with either sulfide or elemental sulfur as the sole source of nutrient sulfur but not with sulfate, thiosulfate, sulfite or dithionite. The later inorganic sulfur sources, except sulfate, were potent inhibitors of growth and methanogenesis at 5 mM. The practical utility of mercapto-2-ethanol as a reducing agent and the toxicity of inorganic sulfur sources on metabolic activity of the methanogens are discussed.     

How to make oneself nature's spokesman? A latourian account of classification in eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century natural history

Classification in eighteenth-century natural history was marked by a battle of systems. The Linnaean approach to classification was severely criticized by those naturalists who aspired to a truly natural system. But how to make oneself nature's spokesman? In this article I seek to answer that question using the approach of the French anthropologist of science Bruno Latour in a discussion of the work of the French naturalists Buffon and Cuvier in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century. These naturalists followed very different strategies in creating and defending of what they believed to be a natural classification in zoology. Buffon failed, whereas Cuvier's work appeared to be very successful. My argument will be that, to explain Buffon's failure and Cuvier's success, we should not focus on the epistemological or theoretical concerns and justifications of these naturalists, but on the concrete and heterogeneous means or tools through which animals were mobilized, stabilized and combined into ever more comprehensive systems of classification.     

One‐to‐One Comparison of Graphite‐Blended Negative Electrodes Using Silicon Nanolayer‐Embedded Graphite versus Commercial Benchmarking Materials for High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries

While existing carbonaceous anodes for lithium–ion batteries (LIBs) are approaching a practical capacitive limit, Si has been extensively examined as a potential alternative because it shows exceptional gravimetric capacity (3579 mA h g^?1) and abundance. However, the actual implementation of Si anodes is impeded by difficulties in electrode calendering processes and requirements for excessive binding and conductive agents, arising from the brittleness, large volume expansion (>300%), and low electrical conductivity (1.56 × 10^?3 S m^?1) of Si. In one rational approach to using Si in high‐energy LIBs, mixing Si‐based materials with graphite has attracted attention as a feasible alternative for next‐generation anodes. In this study, graphite‐blended electrodes with Si nanolayer‐embedded graphite/carbon (G/SGC) are demonstrated and detailed one‐to‐one comparisons of these electrodes with industrially developed benchmarking samples are performed under the industrial electrode density (>1.6 g cc^?1), areal capacity (>3 mA h cm^?2), and a small amount of binder (3 wt%) in a slurry. Because of the favorable compatibility between SGC and conventional graphite, and the well‐established structural features of SGC, great potential is envisioned. Since this feasible study utilizes realistic test methods and criteria, the rigorous benchmarking comparison presents a comprehensive understanding for developing and characterizing Si‐based anodes for practicable high‐energy LIBs.     

微生物检验技术实践教学考核的改革与探索

微生物检验技术是一门重要的实践性很强的专业课,实践技能的考核直接反映实验教学质量的效果及学生实际操作水平的能力。结合全国职业教育改革的目标和方向,对微生物检验技术课程的实践教学考核进行了改革,在传统的实验课考核基础上,重点突出过程性考核,使微生物检验技术理论知识与实践技能紧密结合,以提高微生物检验技术的应用性,体现以能力为本位、与就业岗位相适应的职教新理念,强化学生职业技能的培养和训练,探索出实践技能考核的多元化模式,即"校内实验课教学的过程性考核—校外阶段性见习考核—临床实习的出科考核"。     

Atlantic Cod Trypsins: From Basic Research to Practical Applications

Atlantic cod trypsin I is an appropriate representative of the traditionally classified cold-adapted group I trypsins, and the recombinant form of cod trypsin Y is the only biochemically characterized member of the novel group III trypsins. Trypsin Y is adapted to lower temperatures than all other presently known trypsins. This review describes the basic characteristics of and practical uses for trypsins of Atlantic cod, as well as those of other organisms. Overexpression of the recombinant forms of cod trypsins I and Y in microorganisms is explained as well as the advantages of using site-directed mutagenesis to increase their stability toward autolysis and thermal inactivation. Trypsins appear to play a key role in the nutrition and development of marine fish. We discuss the potential use of cod trypsins as biomarkers to evaluate the nutritional status of cod larvae and describe the industrial applications of cod trypsin I and other trypsins.     

数字化长白山植物标本馆在植物学实践教学中的作用

植物标本是植物信息的主要保存者。植物标本馆承担着植物标本资源的收藏、植物学实践教学、科学研究和科普教育的责任,并且为标本馆数字化建设提供基础保障。对延边大学农学院长白山植物标本馆发展的历史以及数字化建设情况进行了介绍,探讨了数字化标本馆建设在植物学实践教学中的作用,提出了改革创新的方式,并对今后标本馆的数字化建设进行了展望。     

The clinical characterization of the patient with primary psychosis aimed at personalization of management

The current management of patients with primary psychosis worldwide is often remarkably stereotyped. In almost all cases an antipsychotic medica­tion is prescribed, with second‐generation antipsychotics usually preferred to first‐generation ones. Cognitive behavioral therapy is rarely used in the vast majority of countries, although there is evidence to support its efficacy. Psychosocial interventions are often provided, especially in chronic cases, but those applied are frequently not validated by research. Evidence‐based family interventions and supported employment programs are seldom implemented in ordinary practice. Although the notion that patients with primary psychosis are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus is widely shared, it is not frequent that appropriate measures be implemented to address this problem. The view that the management of the patient with primary psychosis should be personalized is endorsed by the vast majority of clinicians, but this personalization is lacking or inadequate in most clinical contexts. Although many mental health services would declare themselves “recovery‐oriented”, it is not common that a focus on empowerment, identity, meaning and resilience is ensured in ordinary practice. The present paper aims to address this situation. It describes systematically the salient domains that should be considered in the characterization of the individual patient with primary psychosis aimed at personalization of management. These include positive and negative symptom dimensions, other psychopathological components, onset and course, neurocognition and social cognition, neurodevelopmental indicators; social functioning, quality of life and unmet needs; clinical staging, antecedent and concomitant psychiatric conditions, physical comorbidities, family history, history of obstetric complications, early and recent environmental exposures, protective factors and resilience, and internalized stigma. For each domain, simple assessment instruments are identified that could be considered for use in clinical practice and included in standardized decision tools. A management of primary psychosis is encouraged which takes into account all the available treatment modalities whose efficacy is supported by research evidence, selects and modulates them in the individual patient on the basis of the clinical characterization, addresses the patient’s needs in terms of employment, housing, self‐care, social relationships and education, and offers a focus on identity, meaning and resilience.     

应用型院校生物与环境工程专业校外实习基地建设

校外实习在工程类专业的教学体系中具有重要的地位和作用,借鉴德国应用科学大学的办学模式,结合国内应用型本科教学特点,提出了校外实习基地建设的多重目标及应遵循基本原则,对环境工程专业以及生物工程专业环境方向教学的实习基地建设新模式进行了重点总结,对实习基地建设模式和实践教学形式进行深入探索,并取得良好的效益。