普通长翼蝠福建亚种不同行为状态下回声定位声波研究

普通长翼蝠福建亚种为中国的地方性亚种。采用超声波监听仪和Batsound3 10软件对其回声定位声波进行录制和分析,发现回声定位声波为中等长度的FM型,伴有1～2个谐波,声波主频率为49 35±4 24kHz,一次完整声波的声脉冲时间为3 46±1 63ms,两次声波间的声脉冲间隔为96 09±33 84ms。分析表明,普通长翼蝠福建亚种在飞行和手持状态下的回声定位声波声脉冲时间均小于其悬挂状态,飞行状态下声脉冲间隔时间是各种状态中较小的,而飞行状态下回声定位声波的主频率则为所有状态中最高的,说明蝙蝠在飞行中要面临复杂的环境,辨别较多的障碍物,因此利用高频率声波进行回声定位,才能实现灵活复杂的飞行。     

不同物种诱导性多潜能干细胞研究进展及应用

将特定的转录因子转入细胞并使其重编程后,获得与胚胎干细胞极其相似的多潜能性干细胞,称为诱导性多潜能干细胞(induced Pluripotent Stem Cells,iPS),它是由日本Yamanaka研究小组首次构建并命名。iPS细胞具有极强地自我更新和多项分化潜能,有发育和分化形成机体内几乎所有组织细胞类型的潜能,从而构成机体各种复杂的组织器官,且避免了在伦理、道德、宗教、法律和免疫排斥等诸多问题。随着iPS技术的不断发展,不同物种的iPS细胞相继产生,为细胞代替治疗、疾病模型的建立和药物筛选及再生医学等注入了新的活力。目前,iPS细胞的研究尚处于初级阶段,在临床应用上还存在诸多问题,本文将对近年来不同物种iPS细胞的产生、应用,及我们未来面临的问题和挑战进行综述。     

不同月龄长爪沙鼠视上核加压素分泌的实验

血管加压素(arginine vasopressin,AVP)是下丘脑视上核和室旁核神经元分泌的九肽激素。关于长爪沙鼠不同月龄加压素的分泌状况少见报道。作者采用光镜和电镜、免疫细胞化学和图像分析技术,对不同月龄长爪沙鼠视上核(SON)加压素能神经元加压素的分泌进行了比较研究。结果表明：在H．E染色切片中,各组均可见视上核团呈三角形。免疫细胞化学标记的各组长爪沙鼠中均可见AVP阳性细胞。图像分析数据经统计学处理表明：成龄长爪沙鼠血管加压素的分泌能力较强,幼龄及老龄组分泌能力减弱。     

QTLs and epistasis for seminal root length under a different water supply in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

To identify the genetic background of seminal root length under different water-supply conditions, a recombinant inbred (RI) population consisting of 150 lines, derived from a cross between an indica lowland rice, IR1552, and a tropical japonica upland rice, Azucena, was used in both solution culture (lowland condition) and paper culture (upland condition). Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and epistatic loci for seminal root length were analyzed using 103 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers and 104 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers mapped on 12 chromosomes based on the RI population. One QTL for seminal root length in solution culture (SRLS) and one for seminal root length in paper culture (SRLP) were detected on chromosomes 8 and 1, and about 11% and 10% of total phenotypic variation were explained, respectively. The QTL for SRLP on chromosome 1 was very similar with the QTL for the longest nodal root referred to in a previous report; this QTL may be phenotypically selectable in a breeding program using paper culture. Five pairs of epistatic loci for SRLS were detected, but only one for SRLP, which accounted for about 60% and 20% of the total variation in SRLS and SRLP, respectively. The results indicate that epistasis is a major genetic basis for seminal root length, and there is a different genetic system responsible for seminal root growth under different water supply conditions. Received: 26 May 2000 / Accepted: 19 October 2000     

不同季节播种玉米的氮肥生产力和利用率

本文在云南省蒙自县对不同季节播种玉米的氮肥利用率和生产力进行了研究,结果表明：不同季节播种玉米氮肥的利用率,吸收量,转移率和生产力存在差异。氮肥的利用率由冬玉米（64.7%)。春玉米（61.2%),夏玉米（49.6%)到秋玉米（41.4%)有降低的趋势,并且与氮肥吸收量存在显著的正相关（r=0.9997)。花丝期营养器官的含氮量与氮在籽粒中的分配和收获指数紧密相关（分别为r=0.9714和r=0.9848),表明籽粒中累积的氮来源于花丝期前茎和叶中累积的氮,根据试验结果,提出各季播种玉米的施氮技术。     

不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀钙对老年冠心病合并高脂血症患者血脂水平的影响分析

目的:探讨在瑞舒伐他汀不同剂量下对治疗对冠心病合并高血脂症的老年患者的血脂功能水平的影响。方法:回顾性选取我院接诊的冠心病老年患者120例,且经过血脂检查全部属于高血脂症,按照使用瑞舒伐他汀的剂量不同,分为三组各40例患者,分别给予剂量为5 mg、10 mg和20 mg,以治疗后2个月为观察期,比较治疗前后患者的血脂水平变化及临床有效率。结果:(1)20mg组患者的血脂水平HDL-C[(1.17±0.62)mmol/L]比其他两组明显上升,LDL-C[(3.67±0.83)mmol/L]、TC[(4.36±0.96)mmol/L]、TG[(1.68±0.94)mmol/L]也下降较另外两组明显(P均0.05);(2)20 mg组的治疗有效率为(97.5%)明显高于5mg组(87.5%)和10mg组(85.0%)(P均0.05)。结论:瑞舒伐他汀治疗冠心病合并高血脂症的老年患者,选择20 mg剂量可显著改善患者的血脂水平,且具有较高的治疗有效率,是一种使用方便,临床效果明显的给药方式。     

不同剂量及注药方向罗哌卡因对肛肠手术麻醉效果的影响

目的:研究不同剂量及注药方向罗哌卡因对肛肠手术麻醉效果的影响及安全性。方法:选择2015年1月~2016年12月在我院进行肛肠手术治疗的患者148例,按照麻醉方法的不同分为四组,每组各37例,即罗哌卡因8 mg向头注药组、罗哌卡因8mg向尾注药组、罗哌卡因10 mg向头注药组以及罗哌卡因10 mg向尾注药组。比较四组患者的感觉阻滞恢复时间、感觉阻滞起效时间以及运动阻滞恢复时间及恶心呕吐、尿潴留、腰部不适、头痛等术后不良反应的发生情况。结果:罗哌卡因10 mg向头注药与向尾注药的感觉阻滞起效时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),10 mg向头注药组的运动阻滞恢复时间明显短于10 mg向尾注药组(P0.05),以10 mg向头注药组感觉阻滞恢复时间最短(P0.05),8 mg向尾注药比10 mg向尾注药阻滞起效明显减慢(P0.05),运动以及感觉阻滞恢复时间均明显缩短(P0.05),10 mg向头注药组的感觉阻滞起效时间明显短于8 mg向头注药组(P0.05),运动以及感觉阻滞恢复时间均明显延长(P0.05)。四组均未发生恶心呕吐以及头痛等术后不良反应,罗哌卡因8 mg向尾注药组的尿潴留以及腰部不适的发生率均明显低于其他三组(P0.05)。结论:向尾端迅速注射罗帕卡因8 mg进行蛛网膜下隙阻滞对肛肠手术患者的麻醉效果最好,且安全性最高。     

Phytochemical study on the leaves of Wollemia nobilis

In this work, a phytochemical study performed on the leaves of the rare species, Wollemia nobilis W.G. Jones, K.D. Hill & J.M. Allen, is reported. By means of classical column chromatography and NMR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry, nine compounds were evidenced. These were: pheophorbide a (1), isocupressic acid (2), acetyl-isocupressic acid (3), sandaracopimaric acid (4), agathic acid (5), 7–4′-4‴-tri-O-methyl-agathisflavone (6), 7–4′-7″-4‴-tetra-O-methyl-agathisflavone (7), caffeic acid (8) and shikimic acid (9). Compared to our previous phytochemical analysis on the male cones, some further compounds were identified i.e. compounds 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8. This confirmed the previous chemotaxonomic considerations of the species but also added new ones which were discussed within the text. In addition, a possible different accumulation of secondary metabolites in the tissues and organs of this plant was even noticed.     

Effects of local elastic compression on muscle strength, electromyographic, and mechanomyographic responses in the lower extremity

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of elastic compression on muscle strength, electromyographic (EMG), and mechanomyographic (MMG) responses of quadriceps femoris during isometric and isokinetic contractions. Twelve participants performed 5 s isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) and 25 consecutive and maximal isokinetic knee extensions at 60 and 300 °/s with no (control, CC), medium (MC), and high (HC) compression applied to the muscle. The EMG and MMG signals were collected simultaneously with muscle isometric and isokinetic strength data. The results showed that the elevated compression did not improve peak torque, peak power, average power, total work, and regression of torque in the isometric and isokinetic contractions. However, the root mean squared value of EMG in both HC and MC significantly decreased compared with CC at 60 and 300 °/s (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the EMG mean power frequency in HC was significantly higher than that in CC at 60 °/s (p < 0.05) whereas no significant compression effect was found in the MMG mean power frequency. These findings provide preliminary evidence suggesting that the increase in local compression pressure may effectively increase muscle efficiency and this might be beneficial in reducing muscle fatigue during concentric isokinetic muscle contractions.     

Changes in nutrient cycling with age in a Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation forest北大核心CSCD

Aims The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of nutrient cycling in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations with different ages, and to provide scientific basis for the management of high-yield plantations in China. Methods In this study, we used the ecological data of the past 25 years in Hunan Huitong Ecological Station and analyzed the nutrient cycling characteristics of the C. lanceolata plantation forests with different ages according to the law of tree growth and the dynamics of nutrient uptake. Important findings For most nutrients, their concentrations ranked in order as leaf > twig > bark > root > stem for all C. lanceolata trees with any ages. When the tree age was less than 12 years, nutrient concentrations increased with age, while they decreased with age when the tree was more than 12 years old. The changes in average annual nutrient uptake with age showed two peaks. Nutrient return gradually increases with age. For the same age, the nutrient use efficiency followed the order of phosphorus (P) > potassium (K) > nitrogen (N) > magnesium (Mg) > calcium (Ca). After the stand was closed, the nutrient utilization efficiency increases with the growth and development of trees. The cycling intensity of Ca and Mg was greater than that of N and P at the same stand age. The changes in nutrient cycling intensity with age varying curve with stand age acted as parabolic curve. Utilization of N, P and K was longer than displayed a parabolic shape for all elements. The utilization time of each element got shorter with increasing stand age. These results suggested that the nutrient uptake in different growth stages was not only controlled by the quantity of biomass, but also affected by the difference in nutrient concentration between previous and current stages. The nutrient cycling processes were jointly controlled by the mechanisms of nutrient redistribution and storage in Cunninghamia lanceolata, during the growth and development stages, and the nutrient use efficiency during different growth stages. © 2018 Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology. All rights reserved.