中国长尾小蜂科(膜翅目,小蜂总科)一新纪录属及一新纪录种

记述长尾小蜂科Torymidae中国1新纪录属毛盾长尾小蜂属砌Amoturoides,及中国l新纪录种短柄毛盾长尾小蜂Amoturoidesbreviscapus Girault,1932.提供了形态描述、寄主、分布及形态特征图.研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆.     

油桐的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称 油桐[Vernicia fordii（Hemsl．）Airy-Shaw],又称光桐、三年桐。 2材料类别 成熟种子。     

Breeding strategy of Acrossocheilus fasciatus in the Puxi Stream of the Huangshan Mountain

Breeding strategies of Acrossocheilus fasciatus were studied from 592 specimens collected monthly during May 2007 and April 2008 in the Puxi Stream of the Huangshan Mountain.Sex ratio of the studied population was 0.90∶1(♀∶♂),not significantly different from 1∶1.Both sexes reached their first sexual maturity at age 2(the second calendar year of their birth).Fifty percent of females and males reached maturity at a total length of 69.75 mm and 69.36 mm respectively,and the minimum total length was 61.54 mm an...     

Electrochemical DNA biosensor based on silver nanoparticles/poly(3-(3-pyridyl) acrylic acid)/carbon nanotubes modified electrode

In this work, we present an electrochemical DNA sensor based on silver nanoparticles/poly(trans-3-(3-pyridyl) acrylic acid) (PPAA)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes with carboxyl groups (MWCNTs-COOH) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The polymer film was electropolymerized onto MWCNTs-COOH modified electrode by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and then silver nanoparticles were electrodeposited on the surface of PPAA/MWCNTs-COOH composite film. Thiol group end single-stranded DNA (HS-ssDNA) probe was easily covalently linked onto the surface of silver nanoparticles through a 5′ thiol linker. The DNA hybridization events were monitored based on the signal of the intercalated adriamycin by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Based on the response of adriamycin, only the complementary oligonucleotides gave an obvious current signal compared with the three-base mismatched and noncomplementary oligonucleotides. Under the optimal conditions, the increase of reduction peak current of adriamycin was linear with the logarithm of the concentration of the complementary oligonucleotides from 9.0 × 10⁻¹² to 9.0 × 10⁻⁹ M with a detection limit of 3.2 × 10⁻¹² M. In addition, this DNA sensor exhibited an excellent reproducibility and stability during DNA hybridization assay.     

A large molecular size fraction of riverine high molecular weight dissolved organic matter (HMW DOM) stimulates growth of the harmful dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum

An increase in the concentration of riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been observed during the last decades, and this material can stimulate marine plankton in coastal waters with significant freshwater input. We studied the effect of two size fractions of riverine high molecular weight dissolved organic matter (HMW DOM), isolated with tangential ultrafiltration, on the harmful dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum and a natural isolate of marine bacteria under laboratory conditions. Both A. minutum and bacteria grew significantly better with the low MW DOM compared to both the high MW DOM fraction and controls (no DOM additions). This experiment demonstrates that the harmful algae A. minutum and bacteria benefit from larger molecules of river HMW DOM, and highlights the potential of A. minutum to utilize organic nitrogen from large DOM molecules. This ability may enhance their likelihood of success in estuaries/costal waters with a humic rich freshwater input, especially when the relative amount of large molecules within DOM is more pronounced.     

溶菌酶分离纯化方法的研究进展

对近年来溶菌酶分离纯化的方法,如离子交换法、色谱法、膜处理技术、反胶团萃取法、亲和层析等进行了综述,并讨论了分离纯化方法的应用前景。     

安徽贝母属植物叶片的比较解剖学研究

在光学显微镜下,对安徽省贝母属(Fritillaria L.)8种1变种,其中包括安徽贝母(F. anhuiensis)和宁国贝母(F. ningguoensis)各两个居群的植物叶片进行了解剖结构观察,结果发现：叶肉细胞均含有淀粉粒,近上表皮的叶肉细胞多为方形或圆柱状,较大,排列较紧密,近下表皮的叶肉细胞形状不规则,多有分枝,细胞间隙大;叶均无表皮毛等附属物,除铜陵黄花贝母(F. monantha var. tonglingensis)的下表皮细胞类似平行四边形外,其它种叶表皮细胞表面观为长方形或长条形,细胞长轴与叶脉平行,垂周壁为平直、浅波状或深波状;气孔器为Allium型,仅分布于下表皮,椭圆形,长轴与叶脉平行,单个随机分布,部分种保卫细胞两极有“T”形加厚。叶表皮细胞的形状,垂周壁式样,气孔器的类型等特征较为稳定,可以为贝母属内种的划分及系统演化关系的探讨提供实验证据。     

猫嗅球外丛层和僧帽细胞层年龄相关形态学变化

分别用Nissl法及免疫组织化学ABC法标记青、老年猫嗅球中嗅觉二级神经元和外丛层胶质细胞,显微镜下观察其分布并计数,对嗅觉二级神经元胞体直径和外丛层厚度进行测量,比较其年龄相关性变化,研究神经元与胶质细胞之间的关系,探讨老年性嗅觉功能衰退的相关神经机理。结果显示,老年猫嗅觉二级神经元胞体直径和分布密度均有不同程度的显著性下降(P<0.05);外丛层厚度变化不明显(P>0.05);外丛层胶质细胞特别是星形胶质细胞显著性增生(P<0.05)。表明在衰老过程中嗅觉二级神经元有丢失,并呈现功能下降,可能是老年性嗅觉功能衰退的原因之一。同时外丛层胶质细胞增生以进一步保护神经元,延缓其衰老。     

黄山濒危植物小花木兰生态位与年龄结构研究

基于对黄山风景区濒危植物小花木兰（Magnolia seiboldii）分布群落的样地调查,采用定量分析的方法,研究了小花木兰群落中主要种群的生态位宽度、生态位重叠和小花木兰种群的年龄结构．结果表明：（1）分别用Levins和Shannon weiner两指数测得的主要优势种群的生态位宽度结果基本一致;重要值大的种群一般具有较宽的生态位。生态位重叠与生态位宽度有关,具较宽生态位的种群一般与其他种群具有较高的生态位重叠,另外,具有相似生境要求和相似生物学特征的种群间也具有较大的生态位重叠,如都是耐萌种的小花木兰与四照花（Dendrobenthamia japonica）的生态位重叠值较高。种群间生态位重叠程度较高,物种间关系复杂,对资源共享趋势明显。（2）小花木兰为星散间断分布,在群落中处于伴生从属地位,生存易受群落变化的影响。对生境要求相似的种群在同一生境下当资源充分时能形成良好的共生关系,支持林思祖等人的生态位重叠与竞争不成相关关系的学说。（3）通过对小花木兰年龄结构的统计发现,小花木兰年龄结构不完整,属于衰退型,幼苗储备严重不足,成为该种群更新的一大瓶颈。（4）它的高海拔分布显示了低温是它生存的一个重要保证;水分也是影响小花木兰种群动态的重要因子。散花坞生境中小花木兰生长良好,呈增长趋势,而清凉台生境小花木兰则表现为年龄老化,呈衰退趋势。散花坞和清凉台可视为重点保护生境,其间生境差异导致的种群动态差异有待于进一步探讨。     

基于HNSOTER的海南岛土壤有机碳储量及空间分布特征分析

基于海南岛1∶200 000土壤 地体数字化数据库（HNSOTER）,在GIS系统的支持下,对海南岛土壤有机碳储量及分布特征进行了探讨.结果表明,1）标准剖深下（0～100 cm）,海南岛土壤有机碳储量为2.78×10⁸ t.2）0～20 cm剖深土壤有机碳密度变幅在0.3～18.8 kg·m^-2之间,其中1.0～5.0 kg·m^-2密度区占总分布面积的81.2%,按面积加权均值为3.3 kg·m^-2.0～100 cm剖深的土壤有机碳密度变幅在1.0～32.1 kg·m^-2 之间,其中2.0～14.0 kg·m^-2密度区面积比重占89.7%,按面积加权均值为8.4 kg·m^-2.不同地形、岩性及土壤类型中,土壤有机碳密度分布有较大变异.3）从中部山地向外至沿海平原,土壤有机碳密度总体上呈递减趋势,但不同剖深下其分布格局仍有一定差异.0～20 cm剖深下土壤有机碳密度高值区（丰富度指数大于1）主要分布于山地以及北部玄武岩台地,0～100 cm剖深下,有机碳密度高值区（丰富度指数大于1）趋向集中于中东部山地、台地区,且其分布重心较前者明显的向东偏移.