南京地区女性手的测量

本文测量了南京地区180名女工的手,选择24项与机械设计、安全有关的项目,并对不同年龄组进行了比较,结果表明,不同年龄组手尺寸特征基本相似,唯某些项目仍然存在差异。     

Radiological anthropometry of the hand in Turner's syndrome.

Metacarpal-phalangeal (M-P) lengths, metacarpal sign, and carpal angle were studied using 142 pairs of hand X-rays from 81 individuals with Turner's syndrome age 6 to 25 years. Left M-P lengths, grouped by bone age, were compared with normal female standards and Z-score pattern profiles calculated for each bone age. Differences between Turners and normals in most M-P lengths increased with age, particularly after puberty. Calculation of inter-individual and intra-individual variability yielded good evidence for a M-P pattern profile typical of Turner's syndrome, with increasing growth deficiency from distal to proximal and lateral to medial. The incidence of positive metacarpal sign was 33.8%, with no significant difference between XO and non-XO Turners. It did not appear that M4 ceased growth prematurely, suggesting that short M4 is not the result of early epiphyseal fusion. Carpal angle, reported to be abnormally decreased in Turners, was not found to differ from normal. There was no difference between right and left sides or between XO and non-XO Turners, but carpal angle did decrease significantly with both decreasing ulnar deviation in positioning of the hand and increasing age. In the latter respect Turners differ from normals who show an increase in carpal angle with age.     

Fine detection of grasp force and posture by amputees via surface electromyography

The state-of-the-art feed-forward control of active hand prostheses is rather poor. Even dexterous, multi-fingered commercial prostheses are controlled via surface electromyography (EMG) in a way that enforces a few fixed grasping postures, or a very basic estimate of force. Control is not natural, meaning that the amputee must learn to associate, e.g., wrist flexion and hand closing. Nevertheless, recent literature indicates that much more information can be gathered from plain, old surface EMG. To check this issue, we have performed an experiment in which three amputees train a Support Vector Machine (SVM) using five commercially available EMG electrodes while asked to perform various grasping postures and forces with their phantom limbs. In agreement with recent neurological studies on cortical plasticity, we show that amputees operated decades ago can still produce distinct and stable signals for each posture and force. The SVM classifies the posture up to a precision of 95% and approximates the force with an error of as little as 7% of the signal range, sample-by-sample at 25 Hz. These values are in line with results previously obtained by healthy subjects while feed-forward controlling a dexterous mechanical hand. We then conclude that our subjects could finely feed-forward control a dexterous prosthesis in both force and position, using standard EMG in a natural way, that is, using the phantom limb.     

Hand foot and mouth disease due to enterovirus 71 in Malaysia

Hand foot and mouth disease is a febrile sickness complex characterized by cutaneous eruption (exanthem) on the palms and soles with simultaneous occurrence of muco-cutanous vesiculo-ulcerative lesions (enanthem) affecting the mouth.The illness is caused by a number of enteroviruses with coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71 as the main causative agents.Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) belongs to the species Human enterovirus A under the genus Enterovirus within the family Picornaviridae.EV71 has been associated with an array of clinical diseases including hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD),aseptic meningitis,encephalitis and poliomyelitis-like acute flaccid paralysis.A large outbreak of HFMD due to highly neurovirulent EV71 emerged in Malaysia in 1997,and caused 41deaths amongst young children.In late 2000,a recurrence of an outbreak of HFMD occurred in Malaysia with S fatalities in peninsular Malaysia.Outbreak of HFMD due to EV71 recurred in 2003 with an unknown number of cases and mortalities.A similar outbreak of HFMD with 2 recorded deaths in young children occurred in peninsular Malaysia in late 2005 and this was followed by a larger outbreak in Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) with 6 reported fatalities in the early part of 2006.The current on-going outbreak of HFMD started in peninsular Malaysia in epidemiological week 12 of 2010.As with other HFMD outbreaks in Malaysia,both EV71 and CA16 were the main aetiological viruses isolated.In similarity with the HFMD outbreak in 2005,the isolation of CA16 preceded the appearance of EV71.Based on the VP 1 gene nucleotide sequences,4 sub-genogroups of EV71 (C1,C2,B3 and B4) co-circulated and caused the outbreak of hand,foot and mouth disease in peninsular Malaysia in 1997.Two sub-genogroups (C1 and B4) were noted to cause the outbreak in 2000 in both peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak.EV71 of sub-genogroup B5 with smaller contribution from sub-genogroup C1 caused the outbreak in 2003.In the 2005 outbreak,besides the EV71 strains of sub-genogroup C1,EV71 strains belonging to sub-genogroup B5 were isolated but formed a cluster which was distinct from the EV71 strains from the sub-genogroup B5 isolated in 2003.The four EV71 strains isolated from clinical specimens of patients with hand,foot and mouth disease in the Sarawak outbreak in early 2006 also belonged to sub-genogroup B5.Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene suggests that the EV71 strains causing the outbreak in Sarawak could have originated from peninsular Malaysia.Epidemiological and molecular data since 1997 show the recurrence of HFMD due to EV71 in Malaysia every 2 to 4 years.In each of the past outbreaks,more than one sub-genogroup of the virus co-circulate.     

马来酸桂哌齐特与腹部带蒂皮瓣对上肢烧伤组织缺损的修复效果

目的：探讨马来酸桂哌齐特联合腹部带蒂皮瓣治疗手及前臂皮肤软组织烧伤缺损的临床效果。方法：选取我院2011 年2 月 -2013 年2 月收治的68 例手及前臂皮肤软组织烧伤缺损患者作为观察组,行马来酸桂哌齐特结合腹部带蒂皮瓣治疗,另选择同 期接受股前外侧皮瓣修复治疗的50 例患者为对照组。观察并比较两组患者皮瓣修复效果以及神经功能烧伤缺损评分。结果：观 察组患者皮瓣存活率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组皮瓣感染率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05); 观察组皮瓣断蒂时间及神经功能烧伤缺损评分均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：马来酸桂哌齐特结合腹部带 蒂皮瓣治疗具有皮瓣存活率高、神经功能恢复良好,术后恢复快等特点,值得临床推广应用。     

2007年北京地区儿童手足口病病原的初步筛查

2007年4～6月儿童手足口病流行期间,对北京地区51例皮损症状典型、伴/不伴发热、无重症合并症的手足口病患儿采样,建立RT-PCR方法,以5'非编码区(5'UTR)肠道病毒通用引物、CA16和EV71 VP1区特异性引物直接对82份临床标本进行了初步筛查,肠道病毒阳性率达70.6%。检测病例中CA16阳性25例(25/51)、EV71阳性4例(4/51)、非CA16和EV71的肠道病毒阳性病例7例(7/51),三者比例约为6:1:2。2007年北京地区儿童轻症手足口病主要病原包括CA16和EV71,同时还存在一定比例其它肠道病毒。部分EV71毒株经测序验证及系统进化分析显示为C4基因亚型。     

野生植物蒲公英营养成分的研究

对野生植物蒲公英的营养成分进行了分析,结果表明,蒲公英中含有多种营养成分,丰富的矿质元素和维生素及其β-胡萝卜素。蒲公英中至少含有17种氨基酸。蒲公英营养成分分析旨在为开发利用植物资源提供科学依据。     

南宫林区马尾树的群落学特征

马尾树(Rhoiptelea chiliantha Diels et hand.-Mazz.)是20世纪30年代在贵州发现的第三纪古老单型科植物,在贵州台江县南宫林区局部形成以马尾树为次优种的群落。在600m2样方中有41科53属69种维管束植物,其中单种的属占75．4％。植物区系以热带分布区的类型为主,占总属数的62．9％,温带分布占13．7％。按Raunkiaer生活型分类系统,高位芽植物占94．2％,地面芽植物占5．8％。群落可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层和层间植物层;在乔木层中,可分出一个亚层。在群落中大果蜡瓣花(Corlylopsis muiliflora Hance )的重要值最大,为51．83％,其次为马尾树34．61％。保护马尾树这一物种在该地区具有重要的价值。     

The relations between morphology, asymmetry of mutual articular facets, and range of movement, in the human hand joints

Surface area measurements were performed on the articular facets in the human hand joints in order to calculate the area-asymmetry (incongruency) between mutual articular facets in every one of the hand joints, and to learn about the relations between the asymmetry in the joint, the joint's morphology, and the range of movement exhibited by it. Several different trials have led to the conclusion that the asymmetry in a joint is strongly influenced by its morphological type (plane; sellar; condyloid; bicondylar). No such correlation was found between the asymmetry in a joint and its characteristic range of movement. The results contradict the intuitive assumption that the greater the incongruency in a joint, the wider the movement it can perform.     

手辅助腹腔镜在肛门全直肠系膜切除术治疗中低位直肠癌中的应用价值

目的:探讨手辅助腹腔镜在肛门全直肠系膜切除术(TaTME)治疗中低位直肠癌中的应用价值。方法:选取2014年5月至2016年9月期间在广州市红十字会医院接受TaTME术治疗的中低位直肠癌患者130例为研究对象,根据数字表法将其随机分为研究组和对照组,其中研究组(60例)患者行手辅助腹腔镜下TaTME术治疗,对照组(70例)行腹腔镜下TaTME术治疗。比较两组手术时间、淋巴结清扫数目、术中出血量、保肛率、住院时间、切口愈合时间、首次下床活动时间,并比较两组术后并发症发生率、远期复发率及死亡率。结果:研究组术中出血量、手术时间较对照组减少(P<0.05),而保肛率、淋巴结清扫数目两组比较无差异(P>0.05)。研究组首次下床活动时间、切口愈合时间较对照组缩短(P<0.05),而术后住院时间两组比较无差异(P>0.05)。研究组术后出现切口感染、吻合口瘘、尿道感染、盆腔脓肿及肠梗阻等并发症发生率为3.33%(2/60),少于对照组的10.00%(7/70),但两组比较无差异(P>0.05)。术后4年内,研究组总复发率和总死亡率与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:中低位直肠癌患者行TaTME术治疗,运用手辅助腹腔镜可明显缩短手术时间,减少术中出血,尽快促进切口愈合,且术后并发症发生率、远期复发率及死亡率较低,实用性高,值得推广应用。